Changes

This is a '''timeline of {{w|AlphaGo}}''', a {{w|computer program}} developed by {{w|DeepMind}} that plays the {{w|board game}} [[w:Go (game)|Go]].

! Time period !! Development summary

| 3000 BP || || Prelude || The game of Go originates in {{w|China}}. The rules of the game are simple: players take turns to place black or white stones on a board, trying to capture the opponent's stones or surround empty space to make points of territory.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2015 || October || Achievement || {{w|AlphaGo versus Fan Hui}} is held at DeepMind's headquarters in {{w|London}}.<ref name=MetzWired2016>{{Cite web|title = In Major AI Breakthrough, Google System Secretly Beats Top Player at the Ancient Game of Go|url = https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/|website = WIRED|access-date = 1 February 2016|language = en-US|date =27 January 2016|last = Metz|first = Cade}}</ref> The distributed version of AlphaGo defeates the [[w:European Go Championship|European Go champion]] {{w|Fan Hui}}, a [[w:Go ranks and ratings|2-dan]] (out of 9 dan possible) professional, five to zero.<ref name="bbcgo">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35420579 |title=Google achieves AI 'breakthrough' by beating Go champion |date=27 January 2016 |work={{w|BBC News}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.britgo.org/files/2016/deepmind/BGJ174-AlphaGo.pdf|title = Special Computer Go insert covering the AlphaGo v Fan Hui match|access-date = 1 February 2016|website = |publisher = British Go Journal|last = |first = |month = |year = 2017}}</ref> AlphaGo wins all the five games.<ref name="bbcgo">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35420579 |title=Google achieves AI 'breakthrough' by beating Go champion |date=27 January 2016 |work={{w|BBC News}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.britgo.org/files/2016/deepmind/BGJ174-AlphaGo.pdf|title = Special Computer Go insert covering the AlphaGo v Fan Hui match|date = |access-date = 1 February 2016|website = |publisher = British Go Journal|last = |first = |month = |orig-year = 2017}}</ref> This is the first time a computer Go program beats a professional human player on a full-sized board without handicap.<ref name="lemondego">{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2016/01/27/premiere-defaite-d-un-professionnel-du-go-contre-une-intelligence-artificielle_4854886_4408996.html |title=Première défaite d’un professionnel du go contre une intelligence artificielle |date=27 January 2016 |work={{w|Le Monde}} |language=fr}}</ref>

| 2015 || October || Achievement || The original AlphaGo becomes the first {{w|computer Go}} program to beat a human {{w|professional Go player}} without [[w:Go handicaps|handicaps]] on a full-sized 19&times;19 board.<ref name="googlego">{{cite web |url=http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2016/01/alphago-mastering-ancient-game-of-go.html|title=Research Blog: AlphaGo: Mastering the ancient game of Go with Machine Learning |date=27 January 2016 |work=Google Research Blog}}</ref><ref name="bbcgo" />

| 2016 || March || Achievement || {{w|AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol}} takes place as a five-game [[w:Go (game)|Go]] match between 18-time world champion {{w|Lee Sedol}} and {{w|AlphaGo}}. Played in {{w|Seoul}}, South Korea between 9 and 15 March 2016, AlphaGo wins all but the fourth game.<ref name="BBC News 13 March 2016">{{cite web | title= Artificial intelligence: Go master Lee Se-dol wins against AlphaGo program |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35797102| author=<!--Staff writer; no by-line.-->|date= 13 March 2016| website= {{w|BBC News Online}} | accessdate= 13 March 2016 }}</ref> This is the first time a computer Go program beats a [[w:Go ranks and ratings|9-dan]] professional without handicaps.<ref name="leesedolwin">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFr3K2DORc8&t=1h57m |title=Match 1 – Google DeepMind Challenge Match: Lee Sedol vs AlphaGo |date=8 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DeepMind’s AlphaGo Zero Becomes Go Champion Without Human Input |url=https://futureoflife.org/2017/10/18/deepminds-alphago-zero-becomes-go-champion-without-human-assistance/?cn-reloaded=1 |website=futureoflife.org |accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AI: How big a deal is Google's latest AlphaGo breakthrough? |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/ai-how-big-a-deal-is-googles-latest-alphago-breakthrough/ |website=techrepublic.com |accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="AlphaGov">{{cite web |title=AlphaGo |url=https://www.britgo.org/alphago |website=britgo.org |accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref> The match is watched by over 200 million people worldwide.<ref name="AlphaGo China"/>

| 2016 || March || Game series release || Lee Sedol versus Alphago AlphaGo is released on v18 version. It consists of five games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2016 || December || Game series release || Alphago AlphaGo Online Series on Tygem and Fox is released on [[w:Master (software)|Alphago AlphaGo Master]] version. It consists of sixty games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || May || Game series release || Future of Go Summit is released on Alphago AlphaGo Master version. It consists of five games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || May || Game series release || Alphago AlphaGo versus Alphago AlphaGo Batch 1 to 5 are released on Alphago AlphaGo Master version. Each series consisis of ten games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || May 24 || Achievement || AlphaGo defeats Chinese Go world champion {{w|Ke Jie}} in a second, decisive win of a three-part series taking place in China.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Jon |title=Google’s AlphaGo AI wins three-match series against the world’s best Go player |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/alphago-beats-planets-best-human-go-player-ke-jie/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google AI defeats human Go champion |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-40042581 |website=bbc.com |accessdate=31 May 2019}}</ref>

| 2017 || July || Game series release || WeiQi TV-5 Extra Games is released on Alphago AlphaGo Master version. It consists of five games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || September 29 || || The AlphaGo documentary film is released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/alphago/ |title=AlphaGo (2017) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |date= |accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref>

| 2017 || October 25 || Software release || {{w|Leela Zero}}, a [[w:Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] {{w|computer Go}} software, is released. It is developed by Belgian programmer {{w|Gian-Carlo Pascutto}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137097436.htm|title=Feature: One man's Go program looks to remake AlphaGo Zero - and beyond|publisher={{w|Xinhuanet}}|date=9 April 2018|accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.xinhuanet.com/c/2018-02/05/c_1122370241.htm|title=围棋AI"丽拉"获赞接近职业棋手水准，它的作者竟是一个不太会下棋的程序员|publisher={{w|Xinhuanet}}|date=5 February 2018|accessdate=5 April 2019|language=zh}}</ref><ref name="Xinhuanet20180408">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/sports/2018-04/08/c_1122648768.htm|title=更开放，更共享，比利时围棋AI“丽拉·元”重塑“阿尔法元”|publisher={{w|Xinhuanet}}|date=8 April 2018|accessdate=5 April 2019|language=zh}}</ref> the author of chess engine [[w:Sjeng (software)|Sjeng]] and Go engine [[w:Leela (software)|Leela]].<ref name="baduknews">{{cite web|url=http://baduknews.com/news/view.php?idx=236|title=프로 수준급 인공지능 바둑 프로그램 ‘릴라(Leela)’ 무료 공개|publisher=Baduk News|language=Korean|date=23 February 2017|accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cyberoro.com/board/oro_view.oro?bd_div=1&bd_num=16436|title=릴라의 출현과 온라인 대국의 비극적인 종말...|publisher=Cyberoro|date=3 March 2017|accessdate=5 April 2019|language=Korean}}</ref>

| 2017 || October || Game series release || AlphaGo Zero (20 Blocks) vs AlphaGo Lee is released on Alphago AlphaGo Zero version. It consists of twenty games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || October || Game series release || AlphaGo Zero vs AlphaGo Zero - 20 Blocks is released on Alphago AlphaGo Zero version. It consists of twenty games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || October || Game series release || AlphaGo Zero vs AlphaGo Zero - 40 Blocks is released on Alphago AlphaGo Zero version. It consists of twenty games.<ref name="Alphago's Games"/>

| 2017 || October || Game series release || AlphaGo Zero (40 Blocks) vs AlphaGo Master is released in Alphago AlphaGo Zero version. It consists of twenty games.<ref name="Alphago's Games">{{cite web |title=AlphagoAlphaGo's Games |url=https://www.alphago-games.com/ |website=alphago-games.com |accessdate=21 May 2019}}</ref>

| 2017 || December || Achievement || AlphaZero beats the 3-day version of {{w|AlphaGo Zero}} by winning 60 games to 40, and with 8 hours of training it outperformes {{w|AlphaGo Lee}} on an [[w:Elo rating system|Elo scale]]. AlphaZero also defeats a top chess program ([[w:Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish]]) and a top Shōgi program ([[w:Elmo (shogi engine)|Elmo]]).<ref name="preprint">{{Cite web|first1=David|last1= Silver|first2=Thomas|last2= Hubert|first3= Julian|last3=Schrittwieser|first4= Ioannis|last4=Antonoglou |first5= Matthew|last5= Lai|first6= Arthur|last6= Guez|first7= Marc|last7= Lanctot|first8= Laurent|last8= Sifre|first9= Dharshan|last9= Kumaran|first10= Thore|last10= Graepel|first11= Timothy|last11= Lillicrap|first12= Karen|last12= Simonyan|first13=Demis |last13=Hassabis|title=Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm|class=cs.AI|date=5 December 2017|url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01815}}</ref>