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== Big picture ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Time period !! class="unsortable" | Key developments at Amazon
| 1994–1998|| Amazon starts off as an online bookstore selling books, primarily competing with local booksellers and [[w:Barnes & Noble|Barnes & Noble]]. It [[w:Initial public offering|IPOs]] in 1997.
|-
| 1998–2004 || Amazon starts to expand its services beyond books. It also starts offering convenience services, such as Free Super Savers Saver Shipping.
|-
| 2005–2011|| Amazon begins this period by offering {{w|Amazon Prime}}, an annual membership service that allows for free rapid delivery; this would be a game-changer for consumers over the next decade. The company also moves into the [[{{w:cloud computing|cloud computing]] }} area with [[{{w:Amazon AWS|Amazon AWS]]Web Services}}, as well as the crowdsourcing area with [[{{w:Amazon Mechanical Turk|Amazon Mechanical Turk]]}}. By being an early player, it eventually dominates the [[{{w:cloud computing|cloud computing]] }} scene, allowing it to control much of the physical infrastructure of the Internet.<ref name="MyUser_Qz.com_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://qz.com/196819/how-amazon-beat-google-attempt-to-dominate-the-cloud-before-it-even-got-started/ |title=Amazon and Google are in an epic battle to dominate the cloud—and Amazon may already have won - Quartz |newspaper=Qz.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref> Amazon also offers the [[{{w:Amazon Kindle|Amazon Kindle]] }} for people to purchase their books as [[w:eBooks|eBooks]], and by 2010, more people buy ebooks than physical books off of Amazon.
|-
| 2011–2015 || Amazon starts offering streaming services like Amazon Music and Amazon Video, and enters the tablet and smartphone markets with the Amazon Fire and Fire Phone. By 2015, its market capitalization surpasses that of Walmart.
|-
| 2015 2016 onward || Amazon leads the market maintains its status as the world’s world's most valuable retailer, while growing its cloud computing division (Amazon Web Services) rapidly. It also enters the physical retail space more with the launch of Amazon Go and the acquisition of Whole Foods. The COVID-19 pandemic further cements Amazon's position, as people shift from physical retail toward ordering online.
|}
=== Summary by year ===
|}
==Full timeline==
| 1993 || Late year || || Early development || After realizing the commercial potential of the Internet and determining that books might sell well online, {{w|Jeff Bezos}} decides to establish an [[w:Online shopping|online bookstore]].<ref name="history.coms"/>
|-
| 1994 || || || Early development || {{w|Jeff Bezos}} (30) and {{w|MacKenzie Bezos}} (24) decide to leave their appartment apartment in {{w|Manhattan}} and begin a road-trip across the United States in search of a new home for their new business. MacKenzie would drive with Bezos devising the business plan and revenue projections in the passenger seat. The couple finally settle in the {{w|Seattle}} area.<ref name="businessinsider.comss">{{cite web |title=MacKenzie Bezos may only be taking 25% of Jeff Bezos’ fortune, but she deserves half because there would be no Amazon without her |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-mackenzie-bezos-deserves-half-amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-fortune-2019-1?fbclid=IwAR1tCVKtBFNC_PSoWO3E1Yxc5bAMZ5PLRTZb1XQ8dr-Vw88_D3ZfCOhHyKE |website=businessinsider.com |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref><ref>Robinson (2010), p. 39</ref>
|-
| 1994 || July 5 || || Early development || {{w|Jeff Bezos}} incorporates Cadabra, Inc. in {{w|Bellevue, Washington}}. Often misheard as "cadaver", the company would be renamed Amazon.com a few months later.<ref name=everything></ref><ref name="nanookjoe.wordpress.comsss"/><ref name="Amazon celebrates 25 years since founding">{{cite web |title=Amazon celebrates 25 years since founding |url=https://www.jpost.com/j-spot/amazon-celebrates-25-years-since-founding-594693#:~:text=On%20July%205%2C%201994%20Jeff%20Bezos%20incorporated%20the%20name%20%22Cadabra,And%20so%2C%20Amazon%20was%20born. |website=jpost.com |accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref>
| 2000 || September 8 || {{w|Blue Origin}} || Jeff Bezos biography || {{w|Jeff Bezos}} founds {{w|Blue Origin}}, a {{w|human spaceflight}} startup company.<ref>{{cite web |title=BLUE ORIGIN GOES STEP BY STEP FEROCIOUSLY INTO SPACE |url=https://www.rocketstem.org/2019/10/25/blue-origin-goes-step-by-step-ferociously-into-space/ |website=rocketstem.org |access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> || [[File:BlueOrigin OLS mfg building, Florida (from north).jpg|thumb|center|150px|Blue Origin production facilities near the Kennedy Space Center, Florida]]
|-
| 2001 || April 11 || {{w|Borders Group}} || Partnership || Amazon enters into an agreement with book and music retailer {{w|Borders Group}}, under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2001/04/11/companies/amazon/index.htm|title=Amazon/Borders form online partnership|website=CNN Money|date=April 11, 2001|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> Borders would pull out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/How-Amazon-factor-killed-retailers-like-6378619.php|title=How 'Amazon factor' killed retailers like Borders, Circuit City|date=July 13, 2015|work=SFGate|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || January || Free Super Saver Shipping || Product launch || Amazon launches Free Super Saver Shipping, which allows customers to get free shipping for orders above US$99.<ref name=everything></ref> In the span of a few months, that number would drop to $49, and then to $25, with this service setting the stage for a variety of new initiatives in the years ahead, including {{w|Amazon Prime}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Insight: The Birth of Amazon’s Free Shipping |url=https://medium.com/great-business-stories/insight-the-birth-of-amazons-free-super-saver-shipping-83569d331549 |website=medium.com |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || March || {{w|Barnes & Noble}} || {{w|Intellectual property}} || Amazon settles its October 1999 patent infringement suit against [[{{w:Barnes & Noble|Barnes & Noble]] }} (over its [[{{w:1-Click|1-Click]] }} checkout system, which it received a patent for in September 1999). It originally charged that Barnes&Noble.com had essentially copied Amazon's 1-Click technology.<ref name="MyUser_Cnet.com_January_15_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/amazon-barnes-noble-settle-patent-suit/ |title=Amazon, Barnes&Noble settle patent suit - CNET |newspaper=Cnet.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2003 || October || [[w:A9.com|A9.com]] || Subsidiary launch || Amazon launches [[w:A9.com|A9.com]], a subsidiary of Amazon.com based in Palo Alto, California that develops search and advertising technology.<ref name="MyUser_Macworld.com_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.macworld.com/article/1039079/a9.html |title=Amazon releases A9 search engine |newspaper=Macworld.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref>
| 2004 || October || {{w|Amazon Lab126}} || Subsidiary launch || {{w|Amazon Lab126}} is founded. It is a {{w|research and development}} and {{w|computer hardware}} company subsidiary of Amazon. It is known for developing the [[w:Amazon Kindle|Kindle]] line of [[w:E-reader|e-readers]] and [[w:Tablet computer|tablets]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Lab126 |url=https://amazon.jobs/en/teams/lab126/ |website=amazon.jobs |accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon’s R&D Group Lab126 Embarks On Hiring Spree As Kindle Business Expands |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/03/amazons-rd-group-lab126-embarks-on-hiring-spree-as-kindle-business-expands/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=12 November 2020}}</ref> || [[File:Amazon Lab126 Headquarters.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Amazon Lab126 headquarters in Sunnyvale]]
|-
| 2005 || February || {{w|Amazon Prime}}] || Product || Amazon launches {{w|Amazon Prime}}, a membership offering free two-day shipping within the contiguous United States on all eligible purchases for a flat annual fee of $79.<ref name=everything></ref> Over the years, Amazon Prime would become one of the most successful membership programs in the retail world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Shoppers Want Amazon More Than Any Other Retailer |url=https://risnews.com/why-shoppers-want-amazon-more-any-other-retailer |website=risnews.com |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> || [[File:Amazon Prime Delivery Trucks (44155424640).jpg|thumb|center|150px|Amazon Prime delivery trucks]]
|-
| 2005 || August || Pinzon || Service || Amazon begins selling products under its own private label, Pinzon.<ref name="dwssd"/>
| 2006 || September 19 || Fulfillment by Amazon || Product || Amazon launches Fulfillment by Amazon, giving small businesses to use Amazon.com's own order fulfillment and customer service infrastructure - and customers of Amazon.com shipping offers when buying from 3rd-party sellers.<ref name="MyUser_Phx.corporate-ir.net_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=906817 |title=Amazon.com Investor Relations: Press Release |newspaper=Phx.corporate-ir.net |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || || {{w|Toys R Us}} || Legal || Amazon agrees to settle a legal dispute with [[{{w:Toys R Us|Toys R Us]] }} (over a partnership that gave Toys R Us exclusive rights to supply some toy products on Amazon's website) and pays $51 million.<ref name="MyUser_Abcnews.go.com_January_15_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7830608&page=1 |title=Amazon to pay Toys R Us $51M to settle suit - ABC News |newspaper=Abcnews.go.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || January 25 || Amapedia || {{w|Online community}} || Amazon launches Amapedia, a wiki for user-generated content.<ref name="dwssd"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Quietly Launches Amapedia, a Wikipedia For Products |url=https://readwrite.com/2007/01/25/amapedia_wikipedia_for_products/ |website=readwrite.com |accessdate=22 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2007 || August || {{w|CreateSpace}} || Service || Amazon-owned {{w|CreateSpace}} announces launch of Books on Demand service, which makes it easy for authors who want to self-publish their books to distribute them on Amazon.com.<ref name="MyUser_Https:_January_15_2016c">{{cite web |url=https://www.createspace.com/Special/AboutUs/PR/20070808_Books.jsp |title=CreateSpace: Self Publishing and Free Distribution for Books, CD, DVD |newspaper= |date= |author= |accessdate= January 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || August || {{w|AmazonFreshAmazon Fresh}} || Product || Amazon launches [[{{w:AmazonFresh|AmazonFresh]]Ammazon Fresh}}, a grocery service offering perishable and nonperishable foods.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/326044_amazonfresh02.html|title= Amazon starts grocery delivery service|accessdate=2008-11-26 | work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|first1=Craig|last1=Harris|first2=John|last2=Cook|date=2007-08-01}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || September 25 || {{w|Amazon Music}} || Product || Amazon launches [[w:Amazon Music|Amazon Music]], an online music store and music locker.<ref name="launch-pr">[http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070925005710&newsLang=en Amazon.com Launches Public Beta of Amazon MP3]</ref>
| 2009 || September 20 || AmazonBasics || Service || Amazon.com introduces AmazonBasics, a new private-label line aimed at offering consumer electronics at lower prices.<ref>{{cite web |title=AmazonBasics: Bezos and Co. starts private-label consumer electronics line |url=https://www.engadget.com/2009-09-20-amazonbasics-bezos-and-co-starts-private-label-consumer-electr.html |website=engadget.com |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2009 || October 20 || {{w|Barnes & Noble}} || Competition || [[{{w:Barnes & Noble|Barnes & Noble]] }} announces the [[{{w:Nook|Nook]]}}, an eReader.<ref>{{cite news |author=Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg and Geoffrey A. Fowler|title=B&N Reader Out Tuesday|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703816204574483790552304348.html|work=|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|date=October 20, 2009|accessdate=October 20, 2009| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091021225827/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703816204574483790552304348.html| archivedate=October 21, 2009 | deadurl=no}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || January || {{w|Apple Inc.}} || Competition || Apple introduces its own virtual bookstore, called [[{{w:iBooks|iBooks]]}}, and then partners with five major book publishers.<ref name="MyUser_Appleinsider.com_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/01/27/apple_introduces_ibooks_store_for_ipad |title=Apple introduces iBooks store for iPad |newspaper=Appleinsider.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref> It later convinces them to raise the price of ebooks (using the agency pricing model that gives publishers full control over ebook prices).
|-
| 2010 || February 1 || Amazon Web Services || Competition || [[{{w:Microsoft|Microsoft]] }} launches [[w:Microsoft Azure|Microsoft Azure]], a [[w:cloud computing|cloud computing]] platform that will compete with [[w:Amazon AWS|Amazon AWS]] over cloud services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Digital Transformation Leadership with DIGITIZE01 |url=https://digitize01.com/ |website=digitize01.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Azure? |url=https://www.virtualxcellence.com/azure-web-services/ |website=virtualxcellence.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || June || {{w|Amapedia}} || Shut down || {{w|Amapedia}} is shut down.
| 2011 || September 19 || {{w|Amazon Kindle}} || Recognition || ''{{w|The Economist}}'' gives {{w|Jeff Bezos}} and Gregg Zehr an Innovation Award for the {{w|Amazon Kindle}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Economist recognises Jeff Bezos and Gregg Zehr for their contribution in popularising the handheld e-book |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414143656/http://www.economistconferences.co.uk/press-release/charging-ahead-e-book-design-and-popularity-win-kindle-creators-innovation-award/5908 |website=web.archive.org |accessdate=29 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || September 28 || {{w|Kindle Amazon Fire}} || Product || Amazon announces the {{w|Kindle Fire}}, a {{w|tablet computer}} that takes aim at Apple's {{w|iPad}} with a smaller device that sells at $199, compared with the $499 value of Apple's cheapest {{w|iPad}}.<ref name="MyUser_Bloomberg.com_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-09-28/amazon-unveils-199-kindle-fire-tablet |title=Amazon Unveils $199 Kindle Fire Tablet, Taking on Apple IPad - Bloomberg Business |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Amazon Kindle Fire.JPG|thumb|center|150px|First generation Kindle Fire; Amazon.com's fist tablet computer.]]
|-
| 2011 || November 15 || {{w|Amazon Silk}} || Service || {{w|Amazon Silk}}, a {{w|web browser}} developed by [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]], launches for {{w|Kindle Fire}} and {{w|Fire Phone}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon's Silk Browser May Not Be Smooth When It Comes to Privacy |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/240805/amazons_silk_browser_may_not_be_smooth_when_it_comes_to_privacy.html |website=pcworld.com |accessdate=12 November 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| 2012 || April || [[{{w:Apple Inc|Apple Inc]] }} || Competition || The [[w:United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]] files suit against [[w:Apple Inc|Apple Inc]] and five major publishing houses (the "Big Five"), alleging that they colluded in 2010 to raise the price of ebooks (using the agency pricing model that gives publishers full control over ebook prices).<ref name="MyUser_Theatlantic.com_January_15_2016c">{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/04/the-justice-department-just-made-jeff-bezos-dictator-for-life/255811/ |title=The Justice Department Just Made Jeff Bezos Dictator-for-Life - The Atlantic |newspaper=Theatlantic.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 15, 2016}}</ref> Amazon had originally set the price of ebooks at $9.99 (using the wholescale pricing model giving Amazon full control over ebook prices).
|-
| 2012 || March 19 || {{w|Amazon Robotics}} || Acquisition || Amazon acquires [[w:Kiva Systems|Kiva Systems]] (later renamed {{w|Amazon Robotics}}) for US$775 million, a robotics company that creates robots that can move items around warehouses.<ref name="MyUser_Bloomberg.com_January_10_2016c">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-19/amazon-acquires-kiva-systems-in-second-biggest-takeover |title=Amazon Acquires Kiva Systems in Second-Biggest Takeover - Bloomberg Business |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 10, 2016}}</ref>
| 2012 || August 23 || {{w|Amazon Kindle}} || International expansion || Amazon launches the India Kindle Store, helping consumers to buy e-books in {{w|rupee}}s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches Kindle store in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/amazon-launches-kindle-store-in-india/articleshow/15610709.cms |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches India Kindle Store |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/amazon-launches-india-kindle-store/ |website=cnet.com |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches Kindle Store in India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/amazon-launches-kindle-store-in-india/story-8Tsqff5hTiaxWhDFnOU7SK.html |website=hindustantimes.com |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || September 6 || {{w|Amazon KindleFire}} || Product || Amazon announces the Kindle [[w:Fire HD|Fire HD]] series of touchscreen tablet computers.<ref name="MyUser_Wired.com_January_17_2016c">{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/kobo-new-ereaders/ |title=Kobo Announces Their New E-Readers |newspaper=Wired.com |date= |author= |accessdate= January 17, 2016}}</ref> || [[File:Kindle Fire HD 8.9.jpg|thumb|center|150px|Fire HD 8.9" (2012)]]
|-
| 2012 || November 8 || || Service || Amazon starts selling wine online in several U.S. states, with direct shipping from wineries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon starts selling wine online, with direct shipping from wineries |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2012/amazon-selling-wine-online-shipping-dozen-states-launch/ |website=geekwire.com |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon starts selling wine online |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/blog/morning_call/2012/11/amazon-starts-selling-wine-online.html |website=bizjournals.com |accessdate=21 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sip and ship: Amazon starts selling wine |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2012/11/08/sip-and-ship-amazon-starts-selling-wine/amp/ |website=eastbaytimes.com |accessdate=21 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2016 || October 12 || || Expansion || Amazon announces plans to introduce convenience stores as well as curbside pickup locations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon to Expand Grocery Business With New Convenience Stores |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-expand-grocery-business-with-new-convenience-stores-1476189657 |website=wsj.com |accessdate=1 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || October 19 || {{w|Amazon Kindle}} || Product || Amazon launches the Kindle Paperwhite 32GB Manga Model, an e-book reader designed for the Japanese market, specifically for manga aficionados.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon to launch new manga e-book reader for Japanese market |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/10/19/business/amazon-launch-new-manga-e-book-reader-japanese-market/ |website=japantimes.co.jp |accessdate=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon to launch new manga e-book reader for Japanese market |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/kindle/ |website=japantimes.co.jp |accessdate=25 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || October 28 || {{w|Amazon Prime}} || International expansion || Amazon Prime launches in {{w|China}}. The Prime membership program offers Chinese customers free, cross-border shipping from the Amazon Global Store as well as no minimum free domestic shipping.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime launches in China |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/28/amazon-prime-launches-in-china/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime launches in China |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/amazon-prime-launches-in-china/ |website=zdnet.com |accessdate=24 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime launches in China |url=https://mashable.com/2016/10/28/amazon-prime-china-launch/ |website=mashable.com |accessdate=24 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2017 || May 9 || {{w|Amazon Echo}} || Product || Amazon launches Echo Show, a new Alexa-powered smart speaker that includes a touchscreen display and can be used to make video calls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches Echo Show smart speaker with touchscreen and video calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/09/amazon-launches-echo-show-smart-speaker-touchscreen-video-calling |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches Echo Show: From video calling to touchscreen, here’s everything you need to know |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/amazon-launches-echo-show-from-video-calling-to-touchscreen-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/661785/ |website=financialexpress.com |accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon’s new Echo Show features video calling and a touchscreen |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/09/amazon-just-announced-a-new-echo-with-video-calling-and-a-touchscreen.html |website=cnbc.com |accessdate=28 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || May 9 || {{w|Walmart}} Free Super Saver Shipping || Pricing || Amazon drops its free shipping minimum requirement down to US$25, undercutting {{w|Walmart}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon drops its free shipping minimum to $25, undercutting Walmart |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/09/amazon-drops-its-free-shipping-minimum-to-25-undercutting-walmart/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || May 16 || {{w|Amazon Alexa}} || Program launch || Amazon launches a new program that directly pays developers building high-quality [[w:Amazon Alexa|Alexa]] skills.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon begins rewarding top-performing Alexa Skill developers with direct payments |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/16/amazon-begins-rewarding-top-performing-alexa-skill-developers-with-direct-payments/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJH3HzyMuy1h8dCitgMSraJ7wqjBjYPfj-Q3psdE7BjTZMXMgEraOctOX4-HSz_rrZhfUKg7i9PxqKvj1SjTbALG7hzXxVKWzUoNjKTVun7Apu90HgHEBbinsDpd6xH28CIcaK46k91QGq0c61uMZUWCELdTDkPYSv0Glu7QVmkL |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2017 || December 4 || <code>amazon.com.au</code> || International expansion || Amazon offically launches in {{w|Australia}}, expanding the local online product range to more than 20 consumer categories, including books, computers, music, clothing, accessories, home improvement, consumer electronics, kitchen goods and baby products.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Marketplace launches in Australia, local retailers brace for onslaught|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-05/amazon-launches-australian-service-threatens-local-retailers/9225160|website=abc.net.au|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Opened In Australia, And Nothing Has Changed -- Yet|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/salvatorebabones/2017/12/05/amazon-opened-in-australia-and-nothing-has-changed-yet/#19dcf060677d|website=forbes.com|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon Australia’s prices are not that great|url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/amazon-australias-prices-are-not-that-great/news-story/385655d519de46528b08712e61167afc|website=news.com.au|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || December 14 || {{w|Amazon Mechanical Turk}} || Service || A study of 3.8 million tasks completed by 2,767 workers on Amazon's Mechanical Turk shows that "workers earned a median hourly wage of about $2 an hour" with 4 percent of workers earning more than $7.25 per hour.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical Turk |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.05796 |website=arxiv.org |accessdate=22 November 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| 2017 || December 22 || Blink || Acquisition || Amazon acquires smart camera and doorbell startup Blink, a venture-capital backed company that makes home security cameras.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon buys smart camera and doorbell startup Blink|url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/12/22/16810516/amazon-blink-acquisition-smart-camera-doorbell-company|website=theverge.com|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon is one step closer to making deliveries inside your home|url=https://qz.com/1164279/amazon-amzn-buys-blink-bringing-it-closer-to-delivering-inside-your-home/|website=qz.com|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amazon acquires connected camera and doorbell startup Blink|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/22/amazon-acquires-connected-camera-and-doorbell-startup-blink/|website=techcrunch.com|accessdate=28 April 2018}}</ref> || [[File:Blink Home logo.png|thumb|center|150px]]
| 2018 || April 18 || {{w|Amazon Prime}} || Market size || {{w|Amazon Prime}} surpasses 100 million members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Has More Than 100 Million Members |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-prime-has-more-than-100-million-members-1524088630 |website=wsj.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || April 26 || Amazon Smart Home Services || Service || Amazon starts selling home security services, including installations and no monthly fees. Features include a siren, motion/contact sensors, safety sensors, cameras, an Echo Dot, indoor lighting, video doorbell and outdoor lighting.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon is now selling home security services, including installations and no monthly fees |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/26/amazon-is-now-selling-home-security-services-including-installations-and-no-monthly-fees/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || May 5 || {{w|Blue Origin}} || Leadership || {{w|Jeff Bezos}} says Amazon is not his "most important work", but {{w|Blue Origin}}, his then secretive rocket company that builds, tests, and launches reusable rockets and spaceships.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeff Bezos says Amazon is not his 'most important work.' It's this secretive rocket company that toils in the Texas desert. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-rocket-company-most-important-2018-4 |website=businessinsider.com |accessdate=12 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2019 || April 3 || || Legal || The {{w|Government of Brazil}} announces that Amazon.com should share web domain name rights, and proposes a compromise to a seven-year battle in order to let the nations bordering the world's largest rainforest co-govern the digital address with Amazon.com.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com should share web domain name rights, Brazil says |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-brazil-idUSKCN1RF2T7 |website=reuters.com |accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com should share web domain name rights, Brazil says |url=https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/amazoncom-should-share-web-domain-name-rights-brazil-says-1826813 |website=investing.com |accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com should share web domain name rights, Brazil says |url=https://oklahoman.com/article/feed/9831440/amazoncom-should-share-web-domain-name-rights-brazil-says |website=oklahoman.com |accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || April 4 || || Jeff Bezos biography || {{w|Jeff Bezos}} divorces {{w|MacKenzie Bezos}}, with the former retaining his interest in ''{{w|The Washington Post}}'' and ''{{w|Blue Origin}}'', and getting 75% of the his original Amazon shares and voting control of the rest of the companyhis original shares. MacKenzie Bezos receives 25% of Jeff's Amazon shares, valued at approximately US$36 billion at the time, making her the third richest woman in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeff Bezos and MacKenzie Bezos have finalized their divorce agreement, and he's getting 75% of the Amazon shares and voting control of the rest |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-mackenzie-bezos-divorce-finalized-2019-4 |website=businessinsider.com |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon boss Jeff Bezos and wife MacKenzie divorce |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46814557 |website=bbc.com |accessdate=17 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || April 9 || {{w|Amazon Alexa}} || Product || Amazon introduces a new way to listen to the news on Alexa-enabled devices, offering long-form news coverage in addition to Flash Briefings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Alexa now offers long-form news coverage in addition to Flash Briefings |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/04/09/amazon-alexa-now-offers-long-form-news-coverage-in-addition-to-flash-briefings/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alexa now offers long-form news briefings in the US |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/10/18304341/alexa-long-form-news-briefing-us-bloomberg-cnbc-cnn-fox-news-npr-newsy |website=theverge.com |accessdate=23 October 2020}}</ref>
| 2020 || May 21 || Amazon Food || International expansion || Amazon launches Amazon Food in India, a service offering online food-delivery in select pin codes of {{w|Bangalore}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches food delivery service in India |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/21/amazon-launches-food-delivery-service-in-india/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches food delivery service in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/amazon-launches-food-delivery-service-in-india/articleshow/75865792.cms?from=mdr |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Launches Food Delivery Service With “Amazon Food” In India |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ilkerkoksal/2020/05/25/amazon-launches-food-delivery-service-with-amazon-food-in-india/#701f778433f0 |website=forbes.com |accessdate=27 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || May 21 || || Infrastructure || Amazon opens in {{w|China}} its first solar energy facility in {{w|Chinasolar energy}}facility, one of five renewable energy projects the company plans around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches first solar energy facility in China |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/amazon-launches-first-solar-energy-facility-china/ |website=geekwire.com |accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || May 25 || {{w|JioMart}} || Competition || [[w:Reliance Industries Limited|Reliance]]'s {{w|JioMart}} expands to 200 Indian cities, pushing competition with Amazon and {{w|Flipkart}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukesh Ambani's JioMart expands to 200 Indian cities in challenge to Amazon and Flipkart |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/25/tech/jio-amazon-flipkart-intl-hnk/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || October 13 || || Product || Amazon launches its own {{w|COVID-19}} virus testing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon launches its own virus testing |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2020/10/13/amazon-launches-its-own-virus-testing/ |website=expressandstar.com |accessdate=16 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || January || || || Amazon reports a near 200%t rise in profits, accelerated by the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}-induced lockdown which benefited {{w|online shopping}}.
. Sales are reported at US$96.1 billion, up 37% from 2019, with profits rising to US$6.3 billion in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon profits increased nearly 200% with COVID-19 {{!}} Research FDI |url=https://researchfdi.com/amazon-covid-19-pandemic-profits/ |website=ResearchFDI |access-date=20 June 2021 |date=2021-01-06}}</ref>
|-
|}
== Numerical and visual data ==
=== Mentions on Google Scholar ===
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 18, 2021.
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! amazon.com
! Amazon Web Services (since 2006)
! Amazon Alexa (since 2014)
! Amazon Echo (since 2014)
|-
| 1995 || 534 || || ||
|-
| 2000 || 4,740 || || ||
|-
| 2002 || 5,450 || || ||
|-
| 2004 || 5,710 || || ||
|-
| 2006 || 7,220 || 9,630 || ||
|-
| 2008 || 8,190 || 14,000 || ||
|-
| 2010 || 12,400 || 22,400 || ||
|-
| 2012 || 15,800 || 26,300 || ||
|-
| 2014 || 18,600 || 30,800 || 207 || 3,600
|-
| 2016 || 20,100 || 34,300 || 1,960 || 4,840
|-
| 2017 || 21,000 || 35,800 || 3,390 || 6,490
|-
| 2018 || 21,600 || 36,100 || 5,820 || 8,080
|-
| 2019 || 23,800 || 35,600 || 7,990 || 9,190
|-
| 2020 || 22,200 || 30,600 || 9,170 || 10,100
|-
|}
[[File:Amazon tb.png|thumb|center|700px]]
=== Google Trends ===
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for "Amazon.com" from January 2004 to November 2020, as well as interest by region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F0mgkg |website=trends.google.com |accessdate=3 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon.com Google Trends.png|thumb|center|800px]]
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for "Amazon Prime" from January 2004 to November 2020, as well as interest by region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fg%2F11b6x7cx6n |website=trends.google.com |accessdate=3 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon Prime Google Trends.png|thumb|center|800px]]
The image below shows Google Trends data for "Amazon Prime Video" from January 2004 to November 2020, as well as interest by region.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F0gvlgh |website=trends.google.com |accessdate=3 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon Prime Video Google Trends.png|thumb|center|800px]]
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Amazon.com from 1994 to 2019.
<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Amazon.com&year_start=1994&year_end=2019&case_insensitive=on&corpus=26&smoothing=1&direct_url=t4%3B%2CAmazon.com%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BAmazon.com%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bamazon.com%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BAMAZON.COM%3B%2Cc0#t4%3B%2CAmazon.com%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BAmazon.com%3B%2Cc1%3B%3Bamazon.com%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BAMAZON.COM%3B%2Cc0 |website=books.google.com |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon ngram.jpeg|thumb|center|800px]]
=== Wikipedia Views ===
The image below shows {{w|Wikipedia}} Views data for the article {{w|Amazon (company)}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon (company) Wikipedia Views |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Amazon+%28company%29&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon (company) Wikipedia views.png|thumb|center|600px]]
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Amazon.com }} on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Amazon.com&allmonths=allmonths&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Amz wv.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
=== Other ===
The image below illustrates the evolution of Amazon daily stock price in United States Dollars, from May 15, 1997 to November 25, 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AMZN/history?p=AMZN |website=finance.yahoo.com |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon stock price.png|thumb|center|850px]]
The image below illustrates the evolution of Amazon daily stock price in United States Dollars, from May 15, 1997 to November 25, 2020, in {{w|logarithmic scale}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AMZN/history?p=AMZN |website=finance.yahoo.com |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Amazon stock price logarithmic.png|thumb|center|850px]]
==Meta information on the timeline==
