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Timeline of Brookings Institution

50 bytes added, 15:38, 10 December 2019
Full timeline
! Year !! Month and date !! Event type !! Details
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| 1916 || || Early development || In {{w|Washington, D.C.}} a group of leading educators, businessmen, attorneys, and financiers, including businessman and philanthropist {{w|Robert S. Brookings}}, found the Institute for Government Research (IGR), with the mission of becoming "the first private organization devoted to analyzing public policy issues at the national level."<ref>{{cite web |title=Brookings Institution |url=https://www.brookings.edu/about-us/ |website=brookings.edu |accessdate=2 October 2019}}</ref> IGR becomes the first private organization devoted to bettering the practices and performance of government with recommendations generated by outside experts. Its first research project, directed by economist William Willoughby, focuses on helping the Bureau of Internal Revenue revise the reporting of tax statistics for greater accuracy.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS">{{cite web |title=A CENTURY OF IDEAS |url=https://www.brookings.edu/a-century-of-ideas/ |website=brookings.edu |accessdate=6 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="brookings.edu"/>
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| 1917 || || Leadership || Robert Brookings is appointed by {{w|United States President}} {{w|Woodrow Wilson}} to the {{w|War Industries Board}}, a government agency which coordinates the purchase of military supplies. Later, Brookings is made chairman of the board’s Price Fixing Committee, to discourage profiteering.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
| 1921 || || Influence || Landmark legislation [[w:Budget and Accounting Act|Budget and Accounting Act of 1921]] is crafted and passed with the lead of IGR recommendations. The legislation expands executive power in the federal budget process. President Warren Harding calls it “the beginning of the greatest reform in governmental practices since the beginning of the republic.”<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/><ref name="brookings.edu"/>
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| 1922 || || Institutional || IGR establishes the Institute of Economics, for the “sole purpose of ascertaining the facts about current economic problems and of interpreting these facts for the people of the United States.” {{w|Chicago University}} economist {{w|Harold G. Moulton}} is named its director.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/><ref name="brookings.edu"/>
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| 1923 || || Research || {{w|Harold G. Moulton}} and staff economist Constantine McGuire write of [[w:Aftermath of World War I|post-Great War Europe]] that “the reparation situation has gone from very bad to worse.” The report examines the ability of {{w|Germany}} and its allies on the losing side of {{w|World War I}} to pay the debts mandated by the {{w|Versailles Treaty}}.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
| 1970 || || Publication || American economist {{w|Arthur Melvin Okun}} and George Perry at Brookings introduce the first edition of the ''Brookings Papers on Economic Activity'', which remains a highly influential and respected economics journal.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
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| 1971 || || Study Research || Experts at Brookings begin a new series of studies on the federal budget and congressional spending choices. These studies would eventually lead to the creation of the Congressional Budget Office.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
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| 1971 || || Publication || Brookings releases the first report in the ''Setting National Priorities'' series, a cross-program initiative focused on evaluating annual White House budgets as they are released and examining the domestic and foreign policy choices that confront the {{w|United States}}. These series would become highly acclaimed and influential.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
| 1973 || || Conference || The Brookings Institution holds a conference on variation of the [[w:Head Start (program)|Head Start]] program (launched in 1965) and presents a program for planned variation studies development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Head Start in an Era of Standards and Accountability |url=https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/hs_research_112.pdf |website=acf.hhs.gov |accessdate=5 November 2019}}</ref>
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| 1974 || || Study Research || The Brookings Institution declares that the after-tax profit rate for United States corporations has fallen since 1948, from just under eight percent to just under five percent.<ref>{{cite web |title=Economic rationalism, 20 years on |url=https://evatt.org.au/news/economic-rationalism-20-years.html |website=evatt.org.au |accessdate=5 November 2019}}</ref>
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| 1975 || || Publication || The Brookings Institution publishes a little book by {{w|Arthur Melvin Okun}} entitled ''Equality and Efficiency: The Big Tradeoff'', which would consideded a classic in its field. The book explores “the big tradeoff” between society’s desire to reduce inequality and the risk of impairing economic efficiency. It also examines how redistributing income affects economic growth.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Harlan M. |title=Understanding Economics |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PHerglyCjnIC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=%22in+1975+the+brookings+institution%22&source=bl&ots=WneCF7EgMn&sig=ACfU3U2uXpipZ3KJPzfDInHen00BaBfBWw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjvsviR5tPlAhWeHLkGHUIECBcQ6AEwBnoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201975%20the%20brookings%20institution%22&f=false}}</ref>
| 1998 || || Publication || Francis Deng and Roberta Cohen at Brookings publish ''Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement'', which analyzes the causes and consequences of internal displacement. The book is called “a landmark study” by diplomat {{w|Richard Holbrooke}}.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
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| 1999 || || Survey Research || Bkookings surveys 1,000 college professors in the United States, asking them to identify the U.S.' most important accomplishments in the past 100 years. The {{w|Marshall Plan}} is ranked N°1, as the greatest public policy of the past century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Jerry Martin |title=Reawakening: The New, Broader Middle East |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=64zHEKW5-IoC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%22In+1999+the+Brookings+Institution+%22&source=bl&ots=hsiZYub81u&sig=ACfU3U01WcncoNQjjN1sTdA-8DyJAp0OJA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLlNfyw_vlAhXiDrkGHT9zAfkQ6AEwBXoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22In%201999%20the%20Brookings%20Institution%20%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 2000 || || Collaboration || The Brookings Institution, the {{w|American Enterprise Institute}}, and the {{w|Hoover Institution}} jointly conduct several forums with journalists and the presidential candidates' close associates that explore how each of the candidates would govern based on their backgrounds, experience, and leadership styles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bush and Kerry: Questions About Governing Styles |url=https://ciaonet.org/catalog.html?f%5Binstitution%5D%5B%5D=The+Brookings+Institution&f%5Blocation%5D%5B%5D=America&f%5Btopic%5D%5B%5D=Foreign+Policy&per_page=50 |website=ciaonet.org |accessdate=21 November 2019}}</ref>
| 2001 || || Assistance || After the {{w|September 11 attacks}}, with remarkable speed, Brookings experts produce influential proposals for homeland security and intelligence operations.<ref name="brookings.edu"/> ''Protecting the American Homeland'' is published on October 25.<ref>{{cite book |title=Protecting the American Homeland: One Year On |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Protecting_the_American_Homeland.html?id=Yl_RDAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y}}</ref><ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
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| 2001 || || Proposal || Brookings scholar {{w|Isabel Sawhill}} writes a roposal proposal that would help forge bi-partisan support in Congress to extend the benefits of the child tax credit in the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 to lower- and middle-income families.<ref name="A CENTURY OF IDEAS"/>
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| 2002 || January 9 || Research center || {{w|Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center}} is founded. A [[w:Nonpartisanism|nonpartisan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/politico44/2012/08/obama-romney-asking-you-to-pay-more-so-that-people-like-him-can-get-a-tax-cut-130747|title=Obama: Romney 'asking you to pay more so that people like him can get a tax cut'|last=Epstein|first=Jennifer|date=2012-08-01|website=|publisher=Politico|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> {{w|think tank}} based in {{w|Washington D.C.}}<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/25/business/tax-policy-center-in-spotlight-for-its-white-paper.html "Tax Policy Center in Spotlight for Its Romney Study" by Annie Lowrey, ''New York Times'', October 24, 2012]</ref>, it is a joint venture of the {{w|Urban Institute}} and the Brookings Institution, aiming to provide independent analyses of current and longer-term tax issues, and to communicate its analyses to the public and to policymakers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Whois Record for TaxPolicyCenter.org |url=http://whois.domaintools.com/taxpolicycenter.org |website=whois.domaintools.com/ |accessdate=21 November 2019}}</ref>
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