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| 2018 || {{Dts|December 6}} || {{w|Reinforcement learning}} || Software release || OpenAI releases CoinRun, a training environment designed to test the adaptability of reinforcement learning agents.<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI teaches AI teamwork by playing hide-and-seek |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/09/17/OpenAI-and-deepmind-teach-ai-to-work-as-a-team-by-playing-hide-and-seek/ |website=venturebeat.com |accessdate=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI’s CoinRun tests the adaptability of reinforcement learning agents |url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/12/06/OpenAIs-coinrun-tests-the-adaptability-of-reinforcement-learning-agents/ |website=venturebeat.com |accessdate=24 February 2020}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{Dts|February 14}} || {{w|Natural-language generation}} || Software release || OpenAI unveils its language-generating system called GPT-2, a system able to write news, answer reading comprehension problems, and shows promise at tasks like translation.<ref>{{cite web |title=An AI helped us write this article |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/14/18222270/artificial-intelligence-open-ai-natural-language-processing |website=vox.com |accessdate=28 June 2019}}</ref> However, the data or the parameters of the model are not released, under expressed concerns about potential abuse.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lowe |first1=Ryan |title=OpenAI’s GPT-2: the model, the hype, and the controversy |url=https://towardsdatascience.com/OpenAIs-gpt-2-the-model-the-hype-and-the-controversy-1109f4bfd5e8 |website=towardsdatascience.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> OpenAI initially tries to communicate the risk posed by this technology.<ref name="ssfr"/>
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| 2019 || {{dts|February 19}} || || Publication || "AI Safety Needs Social Scientists" is published. The paper argues that long-term AI safety research needs social scientists to ensure AI alignment algorithms succeed when actual humans are involved.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Irving |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Askell |first2=Amanda |title=AI Safety Needs Social Scientists |doi=10.23915/distill.00014 |url=https://distill.pub/2019/safety-needs-social-scientists/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AI Safety Needs Social Scientists |url=https://openai.com/blog/ai-safety-needs-social-scientists/ |website=openai.com |accessdate=5 April 2020}}</ref>
| 2019 || {{Dts|April 27}} || || Event hosting || OpenAI hosts the OpenAI Robotics Symposium 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI Robotics Symposium 2019 |url=https://OpenAI.com/blog/symposium-2019/ |website=OpenAI.com |accessdate=14 June 2019}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{Dts|May}} || {{w|Natural-language generation}} || Software release || OpenAI releases a limited version of its language-generating system GPT-2. This version is more powerful (though still significantly limited compared to the whole thing) than the extremely restricted initial release of the system, citing concerns that it’d be abused.<ref>{{cite web |title=A poetry-writing AI has just been unveiled. It’s ... pretty good. |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/5/15/18623134/OpenAI-language-ai-gpt2-poetry-try-it |website=vox.com |accessdate=11 July 2019}}</ref> The potential of the new system is recognized by various experts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vincent |first1=James |title=AND OpenAI's new multitalented AI writes, translates, and slanders |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/14/18224704/ai-machine-learning-language-models-read-write-OpenAI-gpt2 |website=theverge.com |accessdate=11 July 2019}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|June 13}} || {{w|Natural-language generation}} || Coverage || Connor Leahy publishes article entitled ''The Hacker Learns to Trust'' which discusses the work of OpenAI, and particularly the potential danger of its language-generating system GPT-2. Leahy highlights: "Because this isn’t just about GPT2. What matters is that at some point in the future, someone will create something truly dangerous and there need to be commonly accepted safety norms before that happens."<ref name="ssfr">{{cite web |title=The Hacker Learns to Trust |url=https://medium.com/@NPCollapse/the-hacker-learns-to-trust-62f3c1490f51 |website=medium.com |accessdate=5 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|July 22}} || || Partnership || OpenAI announces an exclusive partnership with {{w|Microsoft}}. As part of the partnership, Microsoft invests $1 billion in OpenAI, and OpenAI switches to exclusively using {{w|Microsoft Azure}} (Microsoft's cloud solution) as the platform on which it will develop its AI tools. Microsoft will also be OpenAI's "preferred partner for commercializing new AI technologies."<ref>{{cite web|url = https://OpenAI.com/blog/microsoft/|title = Microsoft Invests In and Partners with OpenAI to Support Us Building Beneficial AGI|date = July 22, 2019|accessdate = July 26, 2019|publisher = OpenAI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://news.microsoft.com/2019/07/22/OpenAI-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/|title = OpenAI forms exclusive computing partnership with Microsoft to build new Azure AI supercomputing technologies|date = July 22, 2019|accessdate = July 26, 2019|publisher = Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-OpenAI-artificial-general-intelligence-investment-2019-7|title = Microsoft is investing $1 billion in OpenAI, the Elon Musk-founded company that's trying to build human-like artificial intelligence|last = Chan|first= Rosalie|date = July 22, 2019|accessdate = July 26, 2019|publisher = Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/mohanbirsawhney/2019/07/24/the-real-reasons-microsoft-invested-in-OpenAI/|title = The Real Reasons Microsoft Invested In OpenAI|last = Sawhney|first = Mohanbir|date = July 24, 2019|accessdate = July 26, 2019|publisher = Forbes}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|August 20}} || {{w|Natural-language generation}} || Software release || OpenAI announces plan to release a version of its language-generating system GPT-2, which stirred controversy after it release in February.<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI releases curtailed version of GPT-2 language model |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/08/20/OpenAI-releases-curtailed-version-of-gpt-2-language-model/ |website=venturebeat.com |accessdate=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI Just Released an Even Scarier Fake News-Writing Algorithm |url=https://interestingengineering.com/OpenAI-just-released-an-even-scarier-fake-news-writing-algorithm |website=interestingengineering.com |accessdate=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OPENAI JUST RELEASED A NEW VERSION OF ITS FAKE NEWS-WRITING AI |url=https://futurism.com/the-byte/OpenAI-new-version-writing-ai |website=futurism.com |accessdate=24 February 2020}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|September 17}} || || Research progress || OpenAI announces having observed agents discovering progressively more complex tool use while playing a simple game of hide-and-seek. Through training, the agents were able to build a series of six distinct strategies and counterstrategies, some of which were unknown to be supported by the environment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emergent Tool Use from Multi-Agent Interaction |url=https://openai.com/blog/emergent-tool-use/ |website=openai.com |accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emergent Tool Use From Multi-Agent Autocurricula |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.07528 |website=arxiv.org |accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref>
| 2019 || {{dts|October 16}} || {{w|Neural network}}s || Research progress || OpenAI announces having trained a pair of {{w|neural network}}s to solve the {{w|Rubik’s Cube}} with a human-like robot hand. The experiment demonstrates that models trained only in simulation can be used to solve a manipulation problem of unprecedented complexity on a real robot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Hand |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07113 |website=arxiv.org |accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Solving Rubik’s Cube with a Robot Hand |url=https://openai.com/blog/solving-rubiks-cube/ |website=openai.com |accessdate=4 April 2020}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|November 5}} || {{w|Natural-language generation}} || Software release || OpenAI releases the largest version (1.5B parameters) of its language-generating system GPT-2 along with code and model weights to facilitate detection of outputs of GPT-2 models.<ref>{{cite web |title=GPT-2: 1.5B Release |url=https://openai.com/blog/gpt-2-1-5b-release/ |website=openai.com |accessdate=5 April 2020}}</ref>
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| 2019 || {{dts|November 21}} || {{w|Reinforcement learning}} || Software release || OpenAI releases Safety Gym, a suite of environments and tools for measuring progress towards {{w|reinforcement learning}} agents that respect safety constraints while training.<ref>{{cite web |title=Safety Gym |url=https://openai.com/blog/safety-gym/ |website=openai.com |accessdate=5 April 2020}}</ref>
