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| 500 || || {{w|Hippocrates}} describes BC Opium analgesia.<ref name="History of anaesthesia">{{cite web |title=History of anaesthesia |url=https://www.anaesthesiasociety.org.nz/patient-info/history/ |website=anaesthesiasociety.org.nz |accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref> ||
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| c.800 – 1200s || Field development || "After herbal Herbal mixtures including opium, mandrake, henbane, and/or hemlock are introduced and steeped into a soporific or sleep-bearing sponge ("spongia somnifera"), the . The sponge is dampened so that anesthetic vapors or drippings can be applied to a patient's nostrils. These sponges were are likely historical cousins to the so-called Roman or Arabic sponges (used during crucifixions, surgeries, and other painful events)."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| c.1350 || Field development || {{w|Inca}} shamans chew coca leaves mixed with vegetable ash and drip their cocaine-laden saliva into the wounds of patients.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|South America}}
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| 1540 || Field development || German physician {{w|Valerius Cordus}} describes a revolutionary technique to synthesize ether, which involves adding sulfuric acid to ethyl alcohol.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology">{{cite web |title=The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology |url=https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/history-professionalism-anesthesiology/2015-03 |website=journalofethics.ama-assn.org |accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref> Cordus synthesizes diethyl ether by distilling ethanol and sulphuric acid into what he calls "sweet oil of vitriol."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1596 || Field development || The South American {{w|arrow poison}} is described.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
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| 1628 || Literature || English physician {{w|William Harvey}} publishes in {{w|Frankfurt}} his completed treatise on the {{w|circulatory system}}, ''Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus'', establishing the circulation of the blood.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/><ref>{{cite web |title='De Motu Cordis', by William Harvey, Frankfurt, Germany, 1628 |url=http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/objects/display?id=6109 |website=sciencemuseum.org.uk |accessdate=21 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1659 || Field development || Anglo-Irish chemist {{w|Robert Boyle}} pioneers intravenous therapy by injecting opium through a goose quill into a dog's vein.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1665 || Field development || The first injection of opium is performed into a dog.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
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| 1754 || || Joseph Black discovers carbon dioxide.<ref name="The History of Anaesthesiavvv"/> ||
