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| 1868 || Field development || Edmund Andrews (1824-1904) of Chicago introduces use of a nitrous oxide mixed with oxygen as an anesthetic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dormandy |first1=Thomas |title=The Worst of Evils: The Fight Against Pain |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lor1NiZNQ0gC&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=%22in+1868%22+%22Edmund+Andrews%22+nitrous+oxide+mixed+with+oxygen+as+an+anesthetic+in+the+Chicago+Medical+Examiner&source=bl&ots=QHGGVchtEC&sig=Eyl7T4g6oTySFjbGUMkcrTMRgqM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGnNqKk7vdAhVGlpAKHTVJBqEQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201868%22%20%22Edmund%20Andrews%22%20nitrous%20oxide%20mixed%20with%20oxygen%20as%20an%20anesthetic%20in%20the%20Chicago%20Medical%20Examiner&f=false}}</ref><ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1884 || Drug || Viennese ophthalmologist Karl Koller introduces {{w|cocaine}} as an anesthetic for eye surgery.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Austria}}
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| 1889 || Field development || "At the Philadelphia College of Dentistry, Henry I. Dorr, MD, DDS was is appointed as the world's 1st Professor of the Practice of Dentistry, Anaesthetics and Anaesthesia. The world's 1st unidisciplinary "Professors of Anaesthesia" will follow in dentistry at Chicago's American the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery (1892, George Leininger, MD) and in medicine at the New York Homeopathic Medical College (1903, T. Drysdale Buchanan, MD)Dentistry.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||{{w|United States}}
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| 1891 || Literature || The ''Dental and Surgical Microcosm'' is published in {{w|Pittsburgh}}, {{w|Pennsylvania}}, as the world's first journal "devoted chiefly to the science of Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1893 || Organization || The London Society of Anaesthetists, the world's first anesthesia society, is formed in {{w|London}}.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1894 || Field development || "Medical students E. {{w|Ernest Amory Codman (1869-1940) }} and {{w|Harvey Cushing (1869-1939)-}} develop the first anesthesia record using observed respiratory rate and palpated pulse rate. By 1901, Cushing will would add blood pressure measurement by Riva Rocci sphygmomanometry; by 1903, respiratory rate and heart rate as auscultated by precordial stethoscope (use of which was pioneered by Cushing on dogs and by his favorite physician-anesthetist, S. Griffith Davis, on patients)."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||{{w|United States}}
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| 1894 || Field development || American neurosurgeon {{w|Harvey Cushing}} advocates the use of anaesthetic record charts.<ref>{{cite book |title=Perioperative Considerations and Positioning for Neurosurgical Procedures: A Clinical Guide |edition=y Adam Arthur, Kevin Foley, C. Wayne Hamm |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=cd1ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=%22in+1894%22++%22Harvey+Cushing%22+anaesthetic+record+charts&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijn-2L-KLdAhWGhJAKHXYeAnQQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201894%22%20%20%22Harvey%20Cushing%22%20anaesthetic%20record%20charts&f=false}}</ref><ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bliss |first1=Michael |title=Harvey Cushing: A Life in Surgery |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=zENRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA531&dq=%22in+1894%22++%22Harvey+Cushing%22+anaesthetic+record+charts&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijn-2L-KLdAhWGhJAKHXYeAnQQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201894%22%20%20%22Harvey%20Cushing%22%20anaesthetic%20record%20charts&f=false}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1898 || Field development || German surgeon {{w|August Bier}} performs the first operation under {{w|spinal anaesthesia}}.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
| 1902 || || "Dr. Mathias J. Seifert of Chicago coins the words "anesthesiology" and "anesthesiologist." He asserted that an "ANESTHETIST" is a technician and an "ANESTHESIOLOGIST" is the scientific authority on anesthesia and anesthetics."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1905 || Organization || The Long Island Society of Anesthetists (LISA) is founded as the first professional anesthesia society in the United States.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1905 || || German chemist {{w|Alfred Einhorn}} first synthesizes {{w|procaine}} and names the substance "novocain".<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1909 || Field development || Endotracheal anesthesia is introduced by Samuel James Meltzer and John Auer.<ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine"/> ||
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| 1914 || Literature || The ''American Journal of Surgery'' begins publication of the ''Quarterly Supplement of Anesthesia and Analgesia'', which would endure until 1926.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> || {{w|United States}}
