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→Numerical and visual data
This is a '''timeline of anesthesiology''', listing important events in the development of the field.
==Big picture==
| Middle ages || Di-ethyl ether, the first agent to be demonstrated successfully in public, is originally synthesized (by the action of sulphuric acid on ethanol) in the 13th century, and there are early reports of both analgesic and soporific effects.<ref name="The History of Anaesthesiavvv">{{cite web |title=The History of Anaesthesia |url=https://www.rcoa.ac.uk/college-heritage/the-history-of-anaesthesia |website=rcoa.ac.uk |accessdate=21 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 19th century || "During most of the nineteenth century, the vast majority of notable advances in the science of anesthesiology were are achieved by basic scientists [10]. Among physiologists, {{w|Jean Pierre Jean Marie Flourens}}, {{w|François Magendie}}, and {{w|Claude Bernard }} are respected for their work on the effects and site of action of anesthetic gases. Pharmacologists and chemists, including {{w|Joseph Friedrich von Mering}}, Hans Meyer, and Charles Overton, synthesized synthesize novel drugs and investigated investigate the properties that enabled a chemical to function as an anesthetic. Surgeons, obstetricians, and dentists contributed contribute the bulk of clinical advances in the field [10]. Most of the practicing anesthetists functioned function primarily as technicians who made make meager contributions to advancing the scientific underpinnings of the discipline. But This would begin to change in the late nineteenth century, this would begin to change."<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> In the 1980s, a movement opposing all types of human suffering is promoted by surgeon English physician {{w|Henry Hill Hickman}}.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/>
|-
| 20th century || The {{w|anaesthetic machine}} is introduced. By 1950 all of the elements of modern anaesthesia are in place. Very few of the drugs of that time are still in use, but their modern successors are really only improvements on the same theme.<ref name="The History of Anaesthesiavvv"/>
|-
|}
== Numerical and visual data ==
=== Mentions on Google Scholar ===
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 18, 2021.
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! anesthesiology
! anesthesia
! intensive care medicine
! critical emergency medicine
! pain medicine
|-
| 1980 || 4,690 || 17,100 || 7,900 || 3,430 || 14,500
|-
| 1985 || 6,330 || 23,300 || 9,790 || 4,810 || 21,400
|-
| 1990 || 10,200 || 41,900 || 13,400 || 6,680 || 38,200
|-
| 1995 || 15,300 || 57,500 || 21,600 || 11,900 || 71,300
|-
| 2000 || 26,600 || 104,000 || 58,100 || 25,500 || 144,000
|-
| 2002 || 28,400 || 117,000 || 79,000 || 32,500 || 177,000
|-
| 2004 || 35,600 || 131,000 || 103,000 || 44,100 || 226,000
|-
| 2006 || 41,300 || 144,000 || 134,000 || 56,800 || 287,000
|-
| 2008 || 46,200 || 152,000 || 160,000 || 68,000 || 346,000
|-
| 2010 || 47,600 || 161,000 || 199,000 || 85,200 || 409,000
|-
| 2012 || 55,500 || 181,000 || 226,000 || 103,000 || 512,000
|-
| 2014 || 59,900 || 156,000 || 227,000 || 111,000 || 484,000
|-
| 2016 || 58,200 || 133,000 || 172,000 || 105,000 || 361,000
|-
| 2017 || 56,000 || 118,000 || 151,000 || 98,700 || 311,000
|-
| 2018 || 51,900 || 92,600 || 123,000 || 83,400 || 221,000
|-
| 2019 || 46,200 || 77,000 || 93,400 || 71,100 || 184,000
|-
| 2020 || 43,900 || 59,700 || 86,600 || 60,500 || 140,000
|-
|}
[[File:Anesthe tb.png|thumb|center|700px]]
=== Google trends ===
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Anesthesiology (Medical specialty) from January 2004 to January 2021, when the screenshot was taken.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anesthesiology |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F0_xp48q |website=trends.google.com |access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Anesthesiology (Medical specialty).jpeg|thumb|center|700px]]
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Anesthesiology from 1700 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anesthesiology |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Anesthesiology&year_start=1700&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=1&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Anesthesiologyngram.jpeg|thumb|center|700px]]
=== Wikipedia views ===
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w| Anesthesiology}} on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anesthesiology |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Anesthesiology&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=1 February 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Anesthe wv.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
==Full timeline==
| 1779 || Field development || German doctor {{w|Franz Mesmer}} describes using {{w|magnet}}s and {{w|hypnosis}} to cure many ailments.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1796 || Field development || James Moore compresses nerves to produce local anesthesia.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1796 || || German pharmacist {{w|Wilhelm August Lampadius}} discovers Carbon Disulfide{{w|carbon disulfide}}, which is later used as treatment for a variety of diseases and is tried as an anesthetic agent before the advent of {{w|chloroform}}.<ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine"/> || {{w|Germany}}
|-
| 1799 || Field development || British chemist {{w|Humphry Davy}} introduces nitrous oxide into medical practice.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1800 || Field development || {{w|Humphry Davy}} observes "As nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in which no great effusion of blood takes place."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1804 || Drug || Japanese surgeon {{w|Hanaoka Seishū}} formulates his general anesthetic Tsusensan{{w|tsusensan}}.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Japan}}
|-
| 1805 || Drug || German pharmacist {{w|Friedrich Sertürner}} isolates a new substance from {{w|opium}}, which he later names "morphium" after Morpheus, the god of dreams.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Germany}}
|-
| 1818 || Field development || British scientist {{w|Michael Faraday}}, after studying the inhalation of {{w|ether}}, publishes his findings, including soporific and analgesic effects.<ref name="The History of Anaesthesiavvv"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1824 || Field development || English physician {{w|Henry Hill Hickman}} describes carbon dioxide anesthesia for animals.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/><ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Sebastian |first1=Anton |title=A Dictionary of the History of Medicine |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=CvpKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT420&lpg=PT420&dq=%221824%22+Henry+Hill+Hickman+(1800-1830)+describes+carbon+dioxide+anesthesia+for+animals.&source=bl&ots=xUTOXiKrLh&sig=6tXbVF6g7MayDkwHtjZObBy7t_4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieysWjw__cAhUMg5AKHSpSCrYQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%221824%22%20Henry%20Hill%20Hickman%20(1800-1830)%20describes%20carbon%20dioxide%20anesthesia%20for%20animals.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1829 || Field development || French physician {{w|Jules Germain Cloquet}} in {{w|Paris}} uses {{w|hypnosis}} for {{w|mastectomy}}.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gravitz |first1=Melvin A. |title=Early Uses of Hypnosis as Surgical Anesthesia |journal=American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00029157.1988.10402733}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
|-
| 1831 || Drug || {{w|Chloroform}} is discovered independently by American physician [[w:Samuel Guthrie (physician)|Samuel Guthrie]], French scientist {{w|Eugène Soubeiran}}, and German chemist {{w|Justus von Liebig}}.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wawersik |first1=J |title=[History of chloroform anesthesia]. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487785}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Frost |first1=Elizabeth A.M. |title=Comprehensive Guide to Education in Anesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oQ4JAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=%22in+1831%22+Chloroform&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx5uCF6LrdAhWGhJAKHdxjAtwQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201831%22%20Chloroform&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barceloux |first1=Donald G. |title=Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9JLiJcjdqkcC&pg=PA642&dq=%22in+1831%22+Chloroform&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx5uCF6LrdAhWGhJAKHdxjAtwQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201831%22%20Chloroform&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|France}}, {{w|Germany}}
|-
| 1845 || Field development || American dentist {{w|Horace Wells}} demonstrates nitrous oxide anesthesia for a tooth extraction near Massachusetts General Hospital.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1853 || Field development || Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent the hollow hypodermic needle, which is attached to an earlier invention, the syringe, popularized in 1845 by Francis Rynd from Ireland<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1853 – 1857 || Field development || "Dr. English physician {{w|John Snow (1813-1858)-A fulltime anesthetist since 1847, Dr. Snow }} popularizes obstetric anesthesia by chloroforming Queen Victoria for the birth of Prince Leopold (1853) and Princess Beatrice (1857). His Snow books ''On the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether** '' and ''On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics*** enlightened '' enlighten physician-anesthetists. His sourcing of the 1854 London cholera epidemic to the Broad Street water pump founded epidemiology."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||{{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1857 || Field development || French physiologist Claude Bernard shows that a strongly paralysing poison such as curare (the first isolated neuromuscular blocking agent) blocks the passage of nerve impulses through the junction of a nerve and muscle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schoffeniels |first1=E. |last2=Margineanu |first2=D. G. |title=Molecular Basis and Thermodynamics of Bioelectrogenesis |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-Rviumfh3WEC&pg=PA26&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Donnerer |first1=Josef |title=The Chemical Languages of the Nervous System: History of Scientists and Substances |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HkOhFssK5UIC&pg=PT143&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Essential Clinical Anesthesia |edition=Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, Pankaj Sikka, Richard Urman |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=TSIZm277e7sC&pg=PA5&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> ||
| 1914 || Literature || The ''American Journal of Surgery'' begins publication of the ''Quarterly Supplement of Anesthesia and Analgesia'', which would endure until 1926.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1914 || Field development || "Dr. Dennis E. Jackson develops a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbing anesthesia system, allowing for a patient to re-breathe their exhaled air containing the anesthetic, cleansed of the carbon dioxide, resulting in the use of less anesthetic and the avoidance of waste. Ten years later, Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro.""<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1916 || Literature || Paluel J. Flagg publishes ''The Art of Anaesthesia''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flagg |first1=Paluel Joseph |title=The Art of Anaesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Art_of_Anaesthesia.html?id=j0CM1rnp93MC&redir_esc=y}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1917 || Instrumental || British anesthetist {{w|Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle}} first describes the {{w|anaesthetic machine}} (also known as Boyle's machine).<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/><ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine">{{cite web |title=The basic anaesthesia machine |url=http://medind.nic.in/iad/t13/i5/iadt13i5p438.htm |website=medind.nic.in |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1920 || Field development || "Arthur Guedel publishes his eye signs first describes four stages of general anesthesia as induced by ether anesthesia in the American Journal of Surgeryhumans. His stages can be loosely applied to anesthesia produced by inhalants other than ether and injectables.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hameroff |first1=S.R. |title=Ultimate Computing: Biomolecular Consciousness and NanoTechnology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-uC54_DD0tMC&pg=PA188&dq=%22in+1920%22+%22Arthur+Guedel (oral) airway is still used today, %22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9jMOEirzdAhXLHJAKHQfuDOgQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201920%22%20%22Arthur%20Guedel%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society |edition=IEEE Engineering in Medicine and he has been memorialized by the Arthur EBiology Society. Conference |url=https://books.google.com. ar/books?id=6vRVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1920%22+%22Arthur+Guedel%22&dq=%22in+1920%22+%22Arthur+Guedel Memorial %22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9jMOEirzdAhXLHJAKHQfuDOgQ6AEIQzAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Anesthesia Centerand Analgesia in Laboratory Animals |edition=Dennis F. Kohn, Sally K. Wixson, San FranciscoWilliam J. White, CAG. John Benson |url=https://books.google."com.ar/books?id=xJWCnuy2kE4C&pg=PR15&dq=%22in+1920%22+%22Arthur+Guedel%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9jMOEirzdAhXLHJAKHQfuDOgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201920%22%20%22Arthur%20Guedel%22&f=false}}</ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1920 || Field development || British anesthetist {{w|Ivan Magill}} and Stanley Rowbotham develop endotracheal anesthesia.,<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> a technic in which the administration of an anesthetic may be facilitated and the patient benefited by an artificial extension of the tracheobronchial tree by means of a tube through which the patient's respiratory exchange takes place.<ref>{{cite web |title=ENDOTRACHEAL ANESTHESIA |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/547793 |website=jamanetwork.com |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1920 || Instrumental || The ether bottle is added to the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev">{{cite web |title=Anaesthesia machine |url=https://www.slideshare.net/drdkmamc/anaesthesia-machine-28815136 |website=slideshare.net |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1922 || Literature || ''Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia'' is launched in {{w|Cleveland}} by Francis H. McMechan as the world's first journal published by an anesthesia society, the International Anesthesia Research Society.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1923 || Field development || The first ethylene-oxygen surgical anesthetic is administered by Dr. Isabella Herb, who demonstrates the remarkable trance-like state that low-dose ethylene can induce in human subjects.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1924 || Instrumental || Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> |||-| 1926 || Instrumental || The chloroform bottle is added to the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> |||-| 1927 || Instrumental || The back bar is added to the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> |||-| 1930 || Field development Instrumental || Brian Sword introduces the circle absorption system.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> |||-| 1930 || Instrumental || Plungers and cowls in ether and chloroform bottles are added to the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> |||-| 1931 || Organization || The {{w|American Association of Nurse Anesthetists}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists |url=https://www.aana.com/news/press-releases/about-the-american-association-of-nurse-anesthetists |website=aana.com |accessdate=1 November 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1932 || Organization || The Association of anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland is formed.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}, {{w|Ireland}}
|-
| 1933 || Instrumental || Dry bobbin flow meters replace water sight feed bottles in the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/><ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
|-
| 1934 || Drug || {{w|Thiopentone}} is introduced into clinical use.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=Nigel R. |last2=Galley |first2=Helen F. |title=Landmark Papers in Anaesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=cTxoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73&dq=%22in+1934%22+%22Thiopentone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmJCvl7vdAhWCFZAKHR6MD1IQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201934%22%20%22Thiopentone%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Agasti |first1=TK |title=Textbook of Anesthesia for Postgraduates |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f2YOpCMNFD4C&pg=PA342&dq=%22in+1934%22+%22Thiopentone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmJCvl7vdAhWCFZAKHR6MD1IQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201934%22%20%22Thiopentone%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thiopentone anaphylaxis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1967.tb02730.x |website=onlinelibrary.wiley.com |accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1935 || Field development || The first diploma in anesthesia in {{w|England}} is awarded.<ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1937 || Instrumental || The rotameter displaces dry bobbin flowmeters in the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
|-
| 1942 || Drug || Muscle relaxants are introduced.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
| 1945 || Organization || The {{w|American Society of Anesthesiologists}} is established.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1951 || Drug || Charles Suckling in {{w|Manchester}} first synthesizes {{w|Halothane}}, a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.<ref name="Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants">{{cite book |last1=Barceloux |first1=Donald G. |title=Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9JLiJcjdqkcC&pg=PA653&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Agasti |first1=TK |title=Textbook of Anesthesia for Postgraduates |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f2YOpCMNFD4C&pg=PA414&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wylie Churchill-Davidson's A Practice of Anesthesia 7th Edition |edition=Thomas EJ Healy, Paul R Knight |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Uh-0XJkj-C8C&pg=PA524&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1952 || Instrumental || Woodbridge introduces the pin index safety system (PISS) into the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
|-
| 1955 || Organization || The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) is established in {{w|Scheveningen}}, {{w|Netherlands}}, at the first World Congress of Anaesthesiologists (WCA).<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
|-
| 1958 || Instrumental || The Bodok seal is introduced into the {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
|-
| 1960 || Drug || {{w|Methoxyflurane}} is introduced into clinical practice.<ref name="Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants"/> ||
|-
| 1963 || Field development || "Dr. American physician {{w|Edmond I. Eger, II }} describes minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), later characterized as "the concentration [of inhaled anesthetic] producing immobility in 50% of patients subjected to a noxious stimulus.""<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||{{w|United States}}
|-
| 1964 || Drug || Team led by Günter Corssen begins human trials of the dissociative intravenous anesthetic ketamine.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1964 || Drug || Janssen in Belgium synthesizes {{w|etomidate}}, a carboxylated imidazole derivative.<ref name="Pharmacology - Volume II">{{cite book |last1=Majewski |first1=Harry |title=Pharmacology - Volume II |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nCNVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA301&dq=%22in+1964%22+%22Corssen%22+%22ketamine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwitiKWEjbvdAhVJipAKHXYbAJ0Q6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201964%22%20%22Corssen%22%20%22ketamine%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Belgium}}
|-
| 1966 || Drug || Robert Virtue begins human trials of the inhalational anesthetic {{w|enflurane}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Anesthesia - Enflurane |url=https://www.dailyrounds.org/rounds/history-of-anesthesia---enflurane |website=dailyrounds.org |accessdate=21 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1970 || Field development || Mexican anesthesiologist J. Antonio Aldrete publishes his "Postanesthetic Recovery Score."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
| 1972 || Drug || {{w|Isoflurane}} is introduced as an inhalational anesthetic.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
|-
| 1973 || Instrumental || Japanese physiologist and bioengineer Takuo Aoyagi introduces the pulse oximeter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulse oximetry: Its invention, contribution to medicine, and future tasks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11463912_Pulse_oximetry_Its_invention_contribution_to_medicine_and_future_tasks |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || |-| 1974 || Organization || The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) is established.<ref name="Urological and Gynaecological Chronic Pelvic Pain: Current Therapies">{{cite book |last1=Moldwin |first1=Robert M. |title=Urological and Gynaecological Chronic Pelvic Pain: Current Therapies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=l8gmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=European+Association+of+Urology+%22founded+in+1920..2017%22&source=bl&ots=7EritgbOzC&sig=u8CQl1N3ZmFPMk_po5pXvmldPEo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj24f_lpZPeAhWBfZAKHbNoBkMQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=European%20Association%20of%20Urology%20%22founded%20in%201920..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> |||-| 1979 || Instrumental || Standards for {{w|anaesthetic machine}} are introduced.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
|-
| 1983 || Field development || The {{w|laryngeal mask airway}} is introduced.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
===What the timeline is still missing===
* [[Total intravenous anesthesia]] (TIVA)
* [[Nurse anesthetist]]
* [[Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology]]
===Timeline update strategy===
==See also==
* [[Timeline of palliative care]]
* [[Timeline of nursing]]
==External links==
