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| 1242 || Scientific development || Using animals to study blood circulation, Syrian Arab physician {{w|Ibn al-Nafis}} manages to theorize about the human blood circulatory system. His theories are eventually proven hundreds of years later by {{w|William Harvey}}.<ref name="History of Animal Testing"/> ||
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| 1596 – 1650 1596–1650 || Scientific development || French philosopher {{w|René Descartes}} performs vivisections on animals under his belief that animals are ‘machine-like’, interpreted as a belief that animals can not feel pain.<ref name="Medical Testing on Animals: A Brief History"/> || {{w|France}}
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| 1660 || Animal testing || Anglo-Irish scientist {{w|Robert Boyle}} theorizes that living beings need air to live{{snd}}something unknown at the time. Using animals, Boyle tests and proves his theories.<ref name="History of Animal Testing"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 1700s || Animal testing || Scientists like Stephen Hales and Luigi Galvani use animals to prove their scientific theories. Some of the theories proved during the 1700s include animation caused by electricity, respiration as combustion, and blood pressure theories.<ref name="History of Animal Testing"/> ||
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| 1724 – 1804 1724–1804 || Ethical Development || German philosopher {{w|Immanuel Kant}} acknowledges the sentience of non-human species.<ref name="Medical Testing on Animals: A Brief History"/> ||
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| 1783 || Animal testing || A {{w|sheep}}, {{w|duck}} and {{w|rooster}} are sent up in the newly invented {{w|hot-air balloon}}. The balloon flies for 3.2 kilometers and lands safely.<ref name="Cosmic Menagerie: A History of Animals in Space (Infographic)">{{cite web |title=Cosmic Menagerie: A History of Animals in Space (Infographic) |url=https://www.space.com/20648-animals-in-space-history-infographic.html |website=space.com |accessdate=6 October 2018}}</ref> ||
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| 1783 – 1855 1783–1855 || Animal testing || French physiologist {{w|François Magendie}} lives. Magendie is considered among the most infamous of his time for the types of experiments he conducts and the cruelty they entail. A notorious vivisector, Magendie would shock even many of his contemporaries with the live dissections performed by him at public lectures in physiology.<ref name="Medical Testing on Animals: A Brief History"/> || {{w|France}}
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| 1840s || Animal testing || Animal experimentation becomes routine after the discovery of anesthetic allows for experiments on animals to continue with less guilt due to less pain inducement.<ref name="Medical Testing on Animals: A Brief History"/> ||
| 1963 || Animal testing || South African biologist {{w|Sydney Brenner}} proposes research into {{w|nematode}} {{w|Caenorhabditis elegans}}, primarily in the area of neuronal development.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brenner S | title = The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans | journal = Genetics | volume = 77 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–94 | date = May 1974 | pmid = 4366476 | pmc = 1213120 }}</ref> ||
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| 1964 – 1966 1964–1966 || Animal testing || China launches mice, rats and dogs into space.<ref name="Cosmic Menagerie: A History of Animals in Space (Infographic)"/> || {{w|China}}
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| 1966 || Policy || The {{w|United States Congress}} passes the Animal Welfare Act, a federal law regulating animal use in the United States.<ref name="Animal Testing: The Animal Rights Debate"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1975 || Ethical Development || Australian philosopher {{w|Peter Singer}} publishes [[w:Animal Liberation (book)|Animal Liberation]], arguing that the interests of animals should be considered because of their ability to feel suffering and that the idea of rights was not necessary to weigh against the relative worth of animal experimentation. ||
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| c.1980 (approximate) || Activism || The movement against animal testing in North America begins.<ref name="Medical Testing on Animals: A Brief History"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1986 || Statistics || The United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment reports that estimates of the animals used in the United States range from 10 million to upwards of 100 million each year, and that their own best estimate is at least 17 million to 22 million.<ref>''Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing and Education'', U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.:Government Printing Office, 1986, p. 64. In 1966, the Laboratory Animal Breeders Association estimated in testimony before Congress that the number of mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits used in 1965 was around 60 million. (Hearings before the Subcommittee on Livestock and Feed Grains, Committee on Agriculture, U.S. House of Representatives, 1966, p. 63.)</ref> || {{w|United States}}
