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| 2 billion BC || || A bacterium becomes symbiotic with the cell from which animals and plants later develop. Chromosomes from this bacterium’s mitochondria would later carry 37 genes in the human body.<ref name="Timeline of Microbiology">{{cite web|title=Timeline of Microbiology|url=http://www.timelines.ws/subjects/Microbiology.HTML|website=timelines.ws|accessdate=14 February 2018}}</ref> ||
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| 220 million BC || || Bacteria and single-celled animals and plants from this period become encased in tree resin on the northern edge of the {{w|Tethys Ocean}}. Scientists in 2006 study the organisms in amber of this time from a town in the Italian Dolomites. {{w|Ciliate}}s and {{w|amoeba}} in the amber appear identical to modern examples.<ref name="Timeline of Microbiology"/> ||
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| 1590 || Scientific development || Dutch spectacle-maker {{w|Zacharias Janssen}} and his brother {{w|Hans Janssen}} produce the operational compound microscope.<ref name="History of Virology and Bacteriology"/> ||
