Changes

|19th century18th Century ||The cytoscope develops. The first [[wikipedia:cystectomyIt is already theorized that {{w|tobacco}} use might be related to {{w|cystectomy]] for bladder cancer is performed}}.<ref name="Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/>

|1940s–1960s19th Century ||Urine cytology emerges as a tool to detect recurrent The cytoscope develops. The first [[wikipedia:cystectomy|cystectomy]] for bladder and urinary tract cancerscancer is performed.<ref name="Timeline" />

|1970s20th Century ||[[wikipedia:Cigarette smokingA major discovery is the link between {{w|bladder cancer}} and exposure to {{w|Cigarette smoking]] is linked β-Naphthylamine}}. Around mid–century, aromatic amines are found to be the most important carcinogens in occupational bladder cancer risk. First chemotherapy drug is released for This would prompt worldwide regulatory changes to the manufacture of {{w|rubber}} and {{w|dyestuffs}}.<ref name="THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD"/> Among medical advances, urine {{w|cytology}} emerges as a tool to detect recurrent bladder cancerand urinary tract cancers.<ref name="Timeline" />

|1980s1950s ||[[wikipedia:Mitomycin|Mitomycin]] chemotherapy Cigarette smoking is consolidated. Surgical advances improve bladder cancer survival. First successful combination chemotherapy found to be etiologic for advanced human {{w|bladder cancer is achieved}}.<ref name="TimelinePathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer" />

|1990s1970s ||Surgical techniques consolidate[[wikipedia:Cigarette smoking|Cigarette smoking]] is linked to bladder cancer risk. New chemotherapies emerge to treat The first chemotherapy drug is released for bladder cancer.<ref name="Timeline" />

|2000s1980s ||New chemotherapies prove to extend survival against [[wikipedia:Mitomycin|Mitomycin]] chemotherapy is consolidated. Surgical advances improve bladder cancersurvival. CT scan improves First successful combination chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer detectionis achieved.<ref name="Timeline" />

| 1990s || Surgical techniques consolidate. New chemotherapies emerge to treat bladder cancer.<ref name="Timeline" />|-| 2000s || New chemotherapies prove to extend survival against bladder cancer. CT scan improves bladder cancer detection.<ref name="Timeline" />|-|Recent years||As of 2010, bladder cancer resulted in 170,000 deaths up from 114,000 in 1990 worldwide.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=15 December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Current treatment options for people with bladder cancer can include surgery, intravesical therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bladder cancer treatment|url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/bladdercancer/detailedguide/bladder-cancer-treating-general-info|accessdate=1 October 2016}}</ref> Today, the incidence of occupational bladder cancer has decreased in the {{w|Western World}}, but is still widely reported in less developed countries. A lack of adequate data on concurrent smoking history and other risk factors is a possible limitation of actual epidemiological studies.<ref name="THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD"/>

| 1761 || Scientific development || Dr. John Hill reports a relationship between {{w|tobacco}} use and cancer.<ref name="Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/> |||-|1854||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Inverted papilloma|Inverted papilloma]] (a tumor that may occur in the [[wikipedia:bladder|bladder]] and other components of the [[wikipedia:urinary tract|urinary tract]]) is first described.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Inverted papillomas and benign nonneoplastic lesions of the nasal cavity|doi=10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3732|pmc=3906506 | pmid=22487294|volume=26|year=2012|journal=Am J Rhinol Allergy|pages=157–63 | last1 = Wood | first1 = JW | last2 = Casiano | first2 = RR}}</ref>|||-| 1877 || Medical development (device) || German urologist [[wikipedia:Maximilian Nitze|Maximilian Nitze]] develops the [[wikipedia:cystoscope|cystoscope]], a device used to perform endoscopy of the [[wikipedia:urinary bladder|urinary bladder]] via the [[wikipedia:urethra|urethra]].<ref name="Texas Cancer Center" /> |||-| 1887 || Medical development (treatment) || The first [[wikipedia:cystectomy|cystectomy]] for bladder cancer is performed.<ref name="Texas Cancer Center">{{cite web|title=BLADDER CANCER|url=http://www.texascancercenter.com/bladder.html|accessdate=28 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Cologne|Cologne]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]]|-| 1895 || Scientific development || Link between bladder cancer and environmental carcinogens is first postulated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Guideline for the Management of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: (Stages Ta, T1 and Tis: Update (2007)|url=https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/bladder-cancer.cfm|accessdate=28 September 2016}}</ref>|||-| 1895 || Scientific development || German surgeon {{w|Ludwig Rehn}}, working at the Hoechst aniline factory near {{w|Frankfurt}}, reports 3 cases of {{w|bladder cancer}} in workers, labeling them ''aniline tumors''. However, it would be hard to prove the association with the chemical at the time as chemical manufacturers begin using several other coal- and oil-based compounds.<ref name="THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD">{{cite journal|last1=Wanis|first1=Michael|last2=Hadjipavlou|first2=Marios|title=THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD|journal=THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY|url=http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347(16)00378-5/pdf|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/> || {{w|Germany}} |-| 1902 || Organization || The [[wikipedia:American Urological Association|American Urological Association]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the AUA|url=https://www.auanet.org/about/history-of-the-aua.cfm|accessdate=20 November 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Linthicum|Linthicum]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]|-| 1903 || Medical development (treatment) || [[wikipedia:Radium|Radium]] is first used to treat bladder tumors.<ref name="Texas Cancer Center" />||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]] |-| 1911 || Scientific development || Ferguson first first suggests association between [[wikipedia:Schistosomiasis|Schistosomiasis]] and urinary bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bladder cancer and schistosomiasis|doi=10.1016/j.jnci.2012.08.002|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110036212000544 | volume=24|journal=Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute|pages=151–159}}</ref><ref name="Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer">{{cite journal|last1=Bryan|first1=George T.|title=Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=1983|pages=201-207|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=EE13C5A2B104EA5F99ACA5455104B0DD?doi=10.1.1.276.9739&rep=rep1&type=pdf|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref> || |-| 1929 || Scientific development || Researchers note that patients with {{w|tuberculosis}} have lower rates of cancer when examined at autopsy. This observation is among the first to link the possibility of bladder cancer treatment with [[wikipedia:BCG vaccine|BCG]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Immunotherapy for bladder cancer|doi=10.2147/RRU.S63447|pmc=4427258 | pmid=26000263|volume=7|year=2015|journal=Res Rep Urol|pages=65–79 | last1 = Fuge | first1 = O | last2 = Vasdev | first2 = N | last3 = Allchorne | first3 = P | last4 = Green | first4 = JS}}</ref>|||-| 1938 || Scientific development || Delaware-based German pathologist {{w|Wilhelm Hueper}} shows an increase in bladder tumors when {{w|β-Naphthylamine}} is administered orally to {{w|dog}}s. With his toxicology research funded by the {{w|chemical industry}}, Hueper would encounter significant resistance in publishing his findings.<ref name="THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD"/> |||-| 1939 || Scientific development || Researchers communicate a successful attempt to induce papillary vesical lesions of benign and malignant type of {{w|bladder cancer}} in female dogs receiving large doses of commercial {{w|β-Naphthylamine}} by mouth.<ref name="EXPERIMENTAL CANCER OF THE BLADDER">{{cite journal|last1=BONSER|first1=GEORGIANA M.|title=EXPERIMENTAL CANCER OF THE BLADDER|journal=British Medical Bulletin|date=January 1946|pages=379–381|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072830|url=https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-abstract/4/5-6/379/278766/EXPERIMENTAL-CANCER-OF-THE-BLADDER?redirectedFrom=PDF}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

|18771940 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||German urologist [[wikipedia:Maximilian Nitze|Maximilian Nitze]] develops the [[wikipedia:cystoscope|cystoscope]], a device used to perform endoscopy Japanese scientists claim having induced bladder papillomatosis in rabbits and rats by means of subcutaneous injection of an oily solution of the [[wikipedia:urinary bladder|urinary bladder]] via the [[wikipedia:urethra|urethra]]o–toluidine.<ref name="Texas Cancer CenterEXPERIMENTAL CANCER OF THE BLADDER" />||

|18871945 ||TreatmentMedical development (diagnosis) ||The first [[wikipedia:cystectomyUrine cytology|cystectomyUrine cytology]] for bladder cancer (a test used to diagnose urinary tract cancers) is performedfirst described.<ref name="Texas Cancer Center">{{cite webjournal|title=BLADDER CANCERCurrent perspectives in bladder cancer management|doi=10.1111/ijcp.12075|url=http://wwwonlinelibrary.texascancercenterwiley.com/bladderdoi/10.1111/ijcp.html12075/full |accessdatevolume=28 September 201667|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice|pages=435–448}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Cologne|Cologne]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]]

|18951950 – 1954 ||DiscoveryEpidemiology ||Link between Incidence rate for bladder cancer and environmental carcinogens is first postulated.<ref>per 100,000 population in the {{cite webw|title=Guideline United States}} is reported at 14.1 for the Management of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: (Stages Tamales, T1 and Tis: Update (2007)|url=https://www4.auanet4 for females, during the period.org/education/guidelines/bladder-cancer.cfm|accessdate<ref name=28 September 2016}}<"Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/ref>||{{w|United States}}

|19021950 – 1959 ||OrganizationScientific discovery ||The It is found that cigarette smoking is [[wikipediaw:American Urological Associationetiology|American Urological Associationetiologic]] is foundedfor human bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite web|titlename=History "Pathogenesis of the AUA|url=https://www.auanet.org/about/history-of-the-aua.cfm|accessdate=20 November 2016}}<Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/ref>||[[wikipedia:Linthicum|Linthicum]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

|19031952 ||TreatmentDiscovery ||[[wikipedia:RadiumTransitional cell carcinoma|RadiumTransitional cell carcinoma in situ of the bladder]] is first used to treat bladder tumorsdescribed.<ref name>{{cite web|title="Texas Cancer Center" BCG Immunotherapy for Transitional-Cell Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder|url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/review-article/bcg-immunotherapy-transitional-cell-carcinoma-situ-bladder|accessdate=26 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

|19111954 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:SchistosomiasisStudy by Case and Holster on workers in the British {{w|Schistosomiasis]] is first linked to urinary bladder cancer.<ref>rubber}} industry demonstrate that {{cite journalw|title=Bladder β-Naphthylamine}} accounts for a 200-fold increased risk of bladder cancer with a latency period of 11-25 years. Subsequently, regulatory bodies worldwide would start prohibiting the manufacture and schistosomiasis|doi=10use of the compound.1016/j.jnci.2012.08.002|url<ref name=http:"THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD"//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110036212000544 > | volume=24|journal=Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute{{w|pages=151–159United Kingdom}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Egypt|Egypt]]

|19291956 ||DiscoveryMedical development (treatment) ||Research notes that patients with tuberculosis have lower rates of cancer when examined at autopsyEarly bladder removal surgery is introduced. This observation is among the first to link include surgically removing the possibility of bladder (cystectomy) and surrounding tissue where cancer treatment with [[wikipedia:BCG vaccine|BCG]]is most likely to spread.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Immunotherapy A technique for bladder cancerradical total cystectomy|doi=10.21471002/1097-0142(195605/RRU06)9:3<585::AID-CNCR2820090325>3.0.S63447CO;2-Z|pmcurl=4427258 | pmid=26000263http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142%28195605/06%299:3%3C585::AID-CNCR2820090325%3E3.0.CO;2-Z/abstract |volume=7|year=20159|journal=Res Rep UrolCancer|pages=65–79 | last1 = Fuge | first1 = O | last2 = Vasdev | first2 = N | last3 = Allchorne | first3 = P | last4 = Green | first4 = JS585–595}}</ref>||

|19451970 – 1974 ||DevelopmentEpidemiology ||[[wikipedia:Urine cytologyIncidence rate for bladder cancer per 100,000 population in the {{w|Urine cytology]] (a test used to diagnose urinary tract cancers) United States}} is first describedreported at 23.7 for males, and 6.1 for females, during the period.<ref>{{cite journal|titlename=Current perspectives in bladder cancer management|doi=10.1111"Pathogenesis of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer"/ijcp.12075|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcp.12075/full > | volume=67|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice{{w|pages=435–448United States}}</ref>||

|19521970 – 1975 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Transitional cell carcinomaStudies in laboratory rats link {{w|Transitional cell carcinoma in situ saccharin}} with the development of the bladder]] is first describedcancer, especially in male {{w|rat}}s.<refname="Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer">{{cite web|title=BCG Immunotherapy for Transitional-Cell Carcinoma in Situ of the BladderArtificial Sweeteners and Cancer|url=httphttps://www.physicianspracticecancer.comgov/reviewabout-articlecancer/bcgcauses-immunotherapyprevention/risk/diet/artificial-transitionalsweeteners-cellfact-carcinoma-situ-bladdersheet|website=cancer.gov|accessdate=26 September 201613 October 2017}}</ref>||

|19561972 ||TreatmentScientific development ||Early Researchers demonstrate a significantly decreased incidence of {{w|bladder removal surgery is introduced. This include surgically removing cancer}} since the bladder (cystectomy) and surrounding tissue where cancer is most likely to spread.<ref>manufacture of {{cite journalw|title=A technique for radical total cystectomydyestuff}}s containing {{w|doi=10.1002/1097β-0142(195605/06)9:3<585::AID-CNCR2820090325>3.0.CO;2-Z|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-0142%28195605/06%299:3%3C585::AID-CNCR2820090325%3E3.0.CO;2-Z/abstract | volume=9|journal=Cancer|pages=585–595Naphthylamine}}was ceased.<ref name="THE RISE AND FALL OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE WESTERN WORLD"/ref>||

|1974||Discovery||Research ties sharp increase in {{w|bladder cancer }} deaths among British men to the rapid rise in [[wikipedia:cigarette smoking|cigarette smoking]] during prior decades.<ref name="Timeline">{{cite web|title=Timeline|url=http://cancerprogress.net/timeline/bladder-cancer|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]

|1978||Treatment||United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves the first chemotherapy drug [[wikipedia:cisplatin|cisplatin]] for {{w|bladder cancer}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=The "Accidental" Cure—Platinum-based Treatment for Cancer: The Discovery of Cisplatin|url=https://www.cancer.gov/research/progress/discovery/cisplatin|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

|1980–1985||Treatment||Reconstructive bladder surgery is found to improve quality of life. Surgeons begin to offer a ''neobladder'' to select patients needing surgery ([[wikipedia:cystectomy|cystectomy]]) for bladder cancer. This procedure provides a functional replacement for the bladder using tissue fashioned from the small bowel that allows the passage of urine through the [[wikipedia:urethra|urethra]].<ref name="Timeline" />||

|1982||Discovery||[[wikipedia:Micropapillary bladder cancer|Micropapillary bladder cancer]] (a rare and aggressive variant of [[wikipedia:urothelial carcinoma|urothelial carcinoma]]) is first described.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of Léon Bérard Cancer Center experience|doi=10.1186/1471-2490-9-5|url=http://bmcurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2490-9-5 | volume=9|journal=BMC Urology}}</ref>||

|1985||Treatment||Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combining [[wikipedia:methotrexate|methotrexate]], [[wikipedia:vinblastine|vinblastine]], [[wikipedia:doxorubicin|doxorubicin]], and [[wikipedia:cisplatin|cisplatin]] (MVAC) is first described. MVAC is one of the most active chemotherapy regimens for bladder cancer.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Everything Old Is New Again! Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer|doi=10.1200/JCO.2014.55.4055|url=http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/32/18/1868.full | volume=32|journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology|pages=1868–1870}}</ref>||

|1985–1989||TreatmentMedical development ||Researchers map out the nerves surrounding the bladder and prostate and develop a new surgical technique that spares key nerves involved in male sexual function, thus preserving it.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Neuroanatomical approach to radical cystoprostatectomy with preservation of sexual function.|pmid=3682067 | volume=138 | journal=J Urol|pages=1402-6 | last1 = Schlegel | first1 = PN | last2 = Walsh | first2 = PC}}</ref>||

|1987||Treatment||Implant treats bladder cancer without surgery. The procedure involves implanting radioactive sources into cancerous tumors within the bladder.<ref>{{cite news|title=Implant treats bladder cancer without surgery|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1320&dat=19870605&id=6T9WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DuoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3403,1269372&hl=en|publisher=Gainesville Sun}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

|1988||DiscoveryScientific development ||Intravesical chemotherapy using [[wikipedia:mitomycin|mitomycin]] is found to reduce risk of bladder cancer's return.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Treatment schedule of intravesical chemotherapy with mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer: short-term courses or maintenance therapy.|pmid=3126592 | volume=31 | journal=Urology|pages=26-9 | last1 = van der Meijden | first1 = AP | last2 = DeBruyne | first2 = FM}}</ref>||

|1990||TreatmentMedical development (treatment) ||United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approved the use of live bacterium, [[wikipedia:BCG vaccine|bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG) for superficial bladder cancer. BCG [[wikipedia:immunotherapy|immunotherapy]] helps reduce the risk of bladder cancer recurrence by stimulating an immune response that targets the bacteria as well as any bladder cancer cells.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bladder Cancer|url=http://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-immunotherapy/impacting-all-cancers/bladder-cancer|accessdate=26 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

|1997||TreatmentMedical development (treatment) ||Introduction of combination therapy using both [[wikipedia:radiation|radiation]] and [[wikipedia:cisplatin|cisplatin]] chemotherapy together, is found to be a new treatment alternative for patients with advanced bladder cancer who are older or otherwise unable to undergo bladder surgery.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Radiotherapy with or without Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1106106|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1106106 | volume=366|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|pages=1477–1488}}</ref>||

|2000||TreatmentMedical development (treatment) ||New chemotherapy combination regimen using [[wikipedia:gemcitabine|gemcitabine]] together with [[wikipedia:cisplatin|cisplatin]] is found to be comparably effective but has relatively fewer side effects than standard MVAC therapy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Results of a Large, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter, Phase III Stud|url=http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/18/17/3068.full.pdf+html?sid=9f02805d-173b-4226-8d12-83912373f41d|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref>||

|2002||ReportStatistics ||Approximately 356,000 new bladder cancer cases worldwide are reportedduring the year.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world|doi=10.1007/s00345-009-0383-3| pmid=19219610|pmc=2694323|volume=27|year=2009|journal=World J Urol|pages=289–93 | last1 = Ploeg | first1 = M | last2 = Aben | first2 = KK | last3 = Kiemeney | first3 = LA}}</ref><ref name="The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world"/>||

|2003||TreatmentScientific development ||Research demonstrates that giving chemotherapy before bladder surgery improves survival for patients whose cancer has not spread significantly beyond the [[wikipedia:bladder|bladder]], compared with surgery alone.<ref>{{cite journal|title=International Phase III Trial Assessing Neoadjuvant Cisplatin, Methotrexate, and Vinblastine Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Long-Term Results of the BA06 30894 Trial|doi=10.1200/JCO.2010.32.3139|url=http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/29/16/2171.long | volume=29|journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology|pages=2171–2177}}</ref>||

|20092004 ||OrganizationEpidemiology ||Bladder Cancer Canada is formed as a patient advocacy organization dedicated to Report estimates that approximately 145,000 patients die from urinary bladder cancer issuesannually worldwide.<refname="The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world">{{cite webjournal|last1=Ploeg|first1=Martine|last2=Aben|first2=Katja K. H.|last3=Kiemeney|first3=Lambertus A.|title=Bladder Cancer CanadaThe present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world|journal=World Journal of Urology|doi=10.1007/s00345-009-0383-3|url=https://bladdercancercanadawww.orgncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/enarticles/aboutPMC2694323/|accessdate=1 13 October 20162017|pmc=2694323}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Canada|Canada]]

|20162009 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||Study suggests that alterations in the [[wikipedia:extracellular matrix|extracellular matrix]] (ECM) microenvironment of the bladder, especially type I [[wikipedia:collagen|collagen]], may contribute Bladder Cancer Canada is formed as a patient advocacy organization dedicated to bladder cancer progressionissues.<ref>{{cite newsweb|title=Bladder Cancer Progression Linked to Collagen ChangesCanada|url=httphttps://www.renalandurologynewsbladdercancercanada.comorg/bladder-cancer/bladder-cancer-progression-linked-to-collagen-changes/articleen/524785about/|accessdate=29 September 1 October 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]], [[wikipedia:Texas|Texas]], [[wikipedia:United StatesCanada|United StatesCanada]]

|2016||DevelopmentScientific development ||Study suggests that alterations in the [[wikipedia:extracellular matrix|extracellular matrix]] (ECM) microenvironment of the bladder, especially type I [[wikipedia:collagen|collagen]], may contribute to bladder cancer progression.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bladder Cancer Progression Linked to Collagen Changes|url=http://www.renalandurologynews.com/bladder-cancer/bladder-cancer-progression-linked-to-collagen-changes/article/524785/|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]], [[wikipedia:Texas|Texas]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] |-| 2016 || Medical development ||New technology helps doctors detect cancerous tumors in the bladder that are invisible to the naked eye.<ref>{{cite news|title=New technology detects bladder cancer that even doctors can't see|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865663357/New-technology-detects-bladder-cancer-that-even-doctors-cant-see.html?pg=all|accessdate=29 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Murray, Utah|Murray, Utah]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] |-| 2017 (September 7) || Scientific development || Researchers develop new risk-stratification tool able to estimate mortality in patients with [[w:Transitional cell carcinoma|urothelial carcinoma of the bladder]] (UCB) after {{w|cystectomy}}. <ref>{{cite web|title=New Tool Identifies Mortality Risk After Bladder Cancer Surgery|url=http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/genitourinary-cancer/tool-identifies-mortality-risk-bladder-surgery/article/699445/|website=oncologynurseadvisor.com|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New tool IDs mortality risk after bladder cancer surgery|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-10-tool-ids-mortality-bladder-cancer.html|website=medicalxpress.com|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref>|-| 2017 (October 12) || Medical development || Researchers, working with mice and rats, develop a way to successfully deliver nano-sized, platinum-based chemotherapy drugs to treat nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, a type of bladder cancer which is found in the lining of the organ and has not invaded deeper into bladder tissue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Experimental 'nano-chemo' particle to treat bladder cancer|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171012103714.htm|website=sciencedaily.com|publisher=Johns Hopkins Medicine|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Experimental nano-chemo particle to treat bladder cancer|url=https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/68044/nano-chemo-bladder-cancer/|website=europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scientists develop experimental 'nano-chemo' particle to treat bladder cancer|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-10-scientists-experimental-nano-chemo-particle-bladder.html|website=medicalxpress.com|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Johns Hopkins Scientists Develop Experimental “Nano-Chemo” Particle to Treat Bladder Cancer|url=https://www.newswise.com/articles/johns-hopkins-scientists-develop-experimental-nano-chemo-particle-to-treat-bladder-cancer|website=newswise.com|accessdate=13 October 2017}}</ref>

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