1,714
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| 1980 || organisation || founding || Life Extension Foundation || The Life Extension Foundation (LEF) is founded. It would later helped fund various cryonics organisations, notably Alcor, {{W|21st Century Medicine}}, Critical Care Research, and {{W|Suspended Animation, Inc}}.<ref name="BenBestCryonicsHistory"/>
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| 1980s (late) || legal || || {{W|Alcor Life Extension Foundation}} || Alcor Member Dick Clair — {{snd}}who was dying of AIDS — {{snd}}fights in court for the legal right to practice cryonics in California, a battle that would ultimately be won.<ref name="BenBestCryonicsHistory"/>
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| 1980s (mid) || legal || || Jackson National || Jackson National is the first life insurance company to definitively state that they acknowledged that it acknowledges cryonics arrangements constitutes constitute a legitimate insurable interest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoo! Groups|website=groups.yahoo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1980s (mid) || technological adoptoin || vitrification || {{W|Greg Fahy}} and William F. Rall || Researchers {{W|Greg Fahy}} and William F. Rall help introduce {{W|vitrification}} to reproductive cryopreservation.
| 1982-09-15 || social || || Society for Cryobiology || The Society for Cryobiology adopts new bylaws denying membership to organizations or individuals supporting cryonics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.ciphergoth.org/blog/2010/02/12/society-for-cryobiology-statements-on-cryonic/|title=Paul Crowley's Blog - Society for Cryobiology statements on cryonics|website=blog.ciphergoth.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alcor.org/Library/html/coldwar.html|title=Cold War: The Conflict Between Cryonicists and Cryobiologists|website=www.alcor.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1983 || || || Institute for Cryobiological Extension || Leaf changes hats to President of the Institute for Cryobiological Extension (I.C.E.ICE) to report on the beginnings of a project to test for survival of memory in frozen brains. Leaf is devising a system to freeze individual animal heads, and then to thaw and support them by blood flow from a second animal. Eventually the project will work up to freezing and reviving whole animals. I.C.E. ICE is soliciting contributions for this research.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=July 1983|title=Report on the Lake Tahoe Life Extension Festival|url=https://www.alcor.org/cryonics/cryonics8307.txt|journal=Cryonics|volume=|issue=36|pages=7-13|via=}}</ref>
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| 1984 || science || paper || || The first paper showing that large organs can be cryopreserved without structural damage from ice is published.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fahy|first=G. M.|last2=MacFarlane|first2=D. R.|last3=Angell|first3=C. A.|last4=Meryman|first4=H. T.|date=1984-08-01|title=Vitrification as an approach to cryopreservation|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0011224084900798|journal=Cryobiology|volume=21|issue=4|pages=407–426|doi=10.1016/0011-2240(84)90079-8|issn=0011-2240}}</ref>
| 1984 || science || paper || {{W|Alcor Life Extension Foundation}} || Alcor observes fractures in human cryopreservation patients.<ref name="IntermediateTemperatureStorage"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Federowicz|first=M.|last2=Hixon|first2=H.|last3=Leaf|first3=J.|date=1984|title=Postmortem Examination of Three Cryonic Suspension Patients|url=https://alcor.org/Library/html/postmortemexamination.html|journal=Cryonics|volume=|pages=16-28|via=}}</ref>
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| 1986 || writing || non-fiction || K. Eric Drexle Drexler || K. Eric Drexler publishes "''Engines of Creation"'',<ref>{{Cite book|title=Engines of creation|last=K. Eric|first=Drexler|publisher=Anchor Press/Doubleday|year=1986|isbn=0385199724|location=Garden City, N.Y|pages=}}</ref> -- the first book on molecular nanotechnology --. The book has a chapter on cryonics. It creates a surge in growth in cryonics interest and membership.
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| 1986 || science || paper || || The first paper showing that large mammals can be recovered after three hours of total circulatory arrest (“clinical death”) at +3°C (37°F) is published. This supports the reversibility of the hypothermic phase of cryonics.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haneda|first=Kiyoshi|last2=Thomas|first2=Robert|last3=Sands|first3=Murray P.|last4=Breazeale|first4=Donald G.|last5=Dillard|first5=David H.|date=1986-12-01|title=Whole body protection during three hours of total circulatory arrest: An experimental study|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001122408690057X|journal=Cryobiology|volume=23|issue=6|pages=483–494|doi=10.1016/0011-2240(86)90057-X|issn=0011-2240}}</ref>
The rest of the body would be given to a coroner. The coroner's office wouldn't understand that circulation would be artificially restarted after legal death, and that barbiturate would be given to slow down the brain metabolism. Seeing the distributed barbiturate throught the body, they would change the cause of death from natural causes to homicide.
In January 1988, Alcor would be raid raided by coroner's deputies, a SWAT team, and UCLA police. The Alcor staff would be taken to the police station in handcuffs and the Alcor facility would be ransacked, with computers and records being seized. The coroner's office would want to seize {{W|Dora Kent}}'s head for autopsy, but the head would be removed from the Alcor facility and taken to a location that would never be disclosed. Alcor would later sue for false arrest and for illegal seizures, and would won win both cases.<ref name="BenBestCryonicsHistory"/>
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| 1988 || social || || || The Cryonet email list starts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=1|title=administrivia|website=www.cryonet.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
| 1988 || legal || || Dick Clair || Alcor member Dick Clair (who is dying of AIDS) sues for, and ultimately wins for everyone, the right to be cryopreserved in the State of California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alcor.org/Library/html/CaliforniaAppellateCourtDecison.html|title=California Appellate Court Decision on Legality of Cryonics|website=www.alcor.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1990 || legal || right-to-die || {{W|Thomas K. Donaldson}} || {{W|Thomas K. Donaldson}}, after being diagnosed with terminal brain cancer, petitions the California courts, seeking a declaration that he has a constitutional right to achieve cryonic suspension before his natural death. Donaldson and his doctors build their argument in light of the recent right-to-die where patients could have life-sustaining medical treatment withdrawn. The trial court would dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action, and Donaldson would then appeal. The court hold holds that he didn't does not have a constitutional right to assisted death because the cryonic process would necessarily involve physician-assisted death, or the aiding, advising, or encouraging of another to commit suicide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alcor.org/Library/html/Donaldson-VanDeKampAbstract.html|title=Donaldson v. Van de Kamp (Abstract)|website=www.alcor.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1990 || science || intermediate storage temperature || {{W|Greg Fahy}} || Fahy publishes a detailed study of fracturing in large volumes of {{W|vitrification}} solution.<ref name="IntermediateTemperatureStorage"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fahy|first=Gregory M.|last2=Saur|first2=Joseph|last3=Williams|first3=Robert J.|date=1990-10|title=Physical problems with the vitrification of large biological systems|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2240(90)90038-6|journal=Cryobiology|volume=27|issue=5|pages=492–510|doi=10.1016/0011-2240(90)90038-6|issn=0011-2240}}</ref>
He would store his body at Trans Time from 1990 to 1993.
Bauge then would then transport his grandfather to [[wikipedia:Nederland, Colorado|Nederland, Colorado ]] in dry ice with the intention of starting his own cryonics company.
After media turmoil, the town would outlaw cryonics, but would "grandfather the grandfather" who would remain there on dry ice.<ref name="BenBestCryonicsHistory"/>
| 1993 || organisation || founding || {{W|21st Century Medicine}} || {{W|21st Century Medicine}}, a cryogenics and cryonics research organisation, is founded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.21cm.com/|title=21st Century Medicine --Expanding the Boundaries of Preservation Science|website=www.21cm.com|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1993 || organisation || founding || CryoCare || The CryoCare Foundation is founded. It would provide human cryopreservation with assistance from two separate businesses: BioPreservation, which would provide their remote standby, stabilization, and transport, and CryoSpan, which would provide the long-term storage of patients in liquid-nitrogen. About 50 former Alcor members join in the founding of the organisation.<ref name="BenBestCryonicsHistoryImmortalist"/><ref name="CryoCare>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryocare.org/index.cgi|title=CryoCare Foundation - Cryonics Services|website=www.cryocare.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
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| 1993-03 || R&D || intermediate storage temperature || CryoNet || Through the CryoNet email list, collaborative effort is put into designing a room to preserve up to 100 people at -130ºC−130ºC.<ref name="IntermediateTemperatureStorage"/>
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| 1994 || R&D || intermediate storage temperature || {{W|Alcor Life Extension Foundation}} || Alcor observes fractures in the brain of a patient following removal from cryopreservation. Alcor thinks of intermediate temperature storage systems, and the development of a new acoustic fracturing monitoring device, the "crackphone."<ref name="IntermediateTemperatureStorage"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hixon|first=H.|date=1995|title=Exploring Cracking Phenomena|url=https://alcor.org/cryonics/cryonics1995-1.pdf|journal=Cryonics|volume=|pages=27-32|via=}}</ref>
| 2020 (anticipated) || organisation || founding || Southern Cryonics || Southern Cryonics anticipates opening in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southerncryonics.com/|title=Southern Cryonics – The Southern Hemisphere's first cryonics facility|website=southerncryonics.com|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>
|}
== Papers ==
| 2018 || Human: unnamed donors || liver || 2 || 5 || Irrelevant - no brain tissue || Buchholz et al, 2018 || https://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/Abstract/2018/07001/Extending_the_Human_Liver_Preservation_Time_for.637.aspx
|}
== Meta information on the timeline ==
=== Improving types of events ===
The types and subtypes of events in the timelines could be more exhaustive. The science and R&D types could have subtypes for the different field of research.
== More information ==
As Matthew Deutsch once said: "We will not only stand on the shoulders of giants, but pull them up with us."
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
