Changes

|1628||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:English people|English]] physician [[wikipedia:William Harvey|William Harvey]] describes in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1658||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Swiss people|Swiss]] physician [[wikipedia:Jakob Wepfer|Jakob Wepfer]] describes for the first time [[wikipedia:Thrombosis|carotid thrombosis]], extracranially and intracranially, in a patient with a completely occluded and calcified right internal [[wikipedia:carotid artery|carotid artery]].<ref name=ahajournals>{{cite web|url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/27/8/1427.full|title=The Evolution of Surgery for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke |author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||

|1681–1742||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:German people|German]] physician [[wikipedia:Friedrich Hoffmann|Friedrich Hoffmann]] notes that coronary heart disease starts in the “reduced passage of the blood within the coronary arteries."<ref name=healthline/>||[[wikipedia:Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg|Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg]]

|1733|Development| Medical development ||English clergyman and scientist [[wikipedia:Stephen Hales|Stephen Hales]] measures blood pressure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=O.|date=1994-12-01|title=Stephen Hales and the measurement of blood pressure|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884783|journal=Journal of Human Hypertension|volume=8|issue=12|pages=865–871|issn=0950-9240|pmid=7884783}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Teddington|Teddington]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]

|1768||DevelopmentScientific development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Heberden|William Heberden]] describes [[wikipedia:angina|angina pectoris]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rwjms1.umdnj.edu/shindler/heberden.html|title=Description of Angina Pectoris by William Heberden |author=|date=|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Royal College of Physicians|Royal College of Physicians]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]

|1785||DevelopmentMedical development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Withering|William Withering]] publishes an account of medical use of [[wikipedia:digitalis|digitalis]], which are used for the treatment of heart conditions.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1803||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:British people|British]] surgeon [[wikipedia:David Fleming (surgeon)|David Fleming]] performs the first successful ligation of a carotid artery.<ref name=ahajournals/>||

|18191812 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:French people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:René Laennec{{w|René Laennec]] invents César Julien Jean Legallois}} proposes the [[wikipedia:stethoscope|stethoscope]], an acoustic device for listening internal sounds idea of an animal or human bodyartificial circulation.<ref name=history-"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and-epidemiology/Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices">{{cite book|last1=Nawrat|[[wikipediafirst1=Zbigniew|title=Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices:Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices|Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital]], [[wikipediaurl=https:Paris//books.google.com.ar/books?id=QWt2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9&dq=%22in+1955%22+The+first+artificial+cardiac+pacemaker&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid_8eBicrZAhUruVkKHeYKDOQQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20The%20first%20artificial%20cardiac%20pacemaker&f=false}}</ref> ||Paris]]

|18311819 |Discovery|English Development || [[wikipedia:French people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:Richard Bright (physician)René Laennec|Richard BrightRené Laennec]] describes high blood pressure and heart disease in association with kidney disease (invents the [[wikipedia:Bright's diseasestethoscope|Bright's diseasestethoscope]]), an acoustic device for listening internal sounds of an animal or human body.<ref>{{Cite book|titlename=Reports of Medical Cases, Selected with a View of Illustrating the Symptoms history-and Cure of Diseases by a Reference to Morbid Anatomy, volume I.-epidemiology/>|last=Bright|first=Richard[[wikipedia:Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital|publisher=Longmans|year=1831|isbn=|location=London|pages=}}</ref>Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Paris|Paris]]

|1872-19191831 ||DevelopmentDiscovery ||English physician [[wikipedia:CanadianRichard Bright (physician)|CanadianRichard Bright]] physician describes high blood pressure and heart disease in association with kidney disease ([[wikipedia:William OslerBright's disease|William OslerBright's disease]] works extensively on [[wikipedia:angina).<ref>{{Cite book|angina]]title=Reports of Medical Cases, Selected with a View of Illustrating the Symptoms and is one Cure of the Diseases by a Reference to Morbid Anatomy, volume I.|last=Bright|first to indicate that angina is a [[wikipedia:syndrome=Richard|publisher=Longmans|year=1831|isbn=|syndrome]] rather than a [[wikipedia:diseaselocation=London|disease]] in itself.pages=}}</ref name=healthline/>||

|18951872-1919 ||Development |Discovery|[[wikipedia:Canadian|German physicist Canadian]] physician [[wikipedia:Wilhelm RöntgenWilliam Osler|Wilhelm RöntgenWilliam Osler]] discovers works extensively on [[wikipedia:X-rayangina|X-rayangina]]s, which are used and is one of the first to diagnose heart indicate that angina is a [[wikipedia:syndrome|syndrome]] rather than a [[wikipedia:disease|disease]] in itself.<ref name=history-and-epidemiologyhealthline/>||

|19011882 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Dutch people|Dutch]] physiologist [[wikipedia:Willem Einthoven|Willem Einthoven]] invents the [[wikipedia:string galvanometer|string galvanometer]], which becomes German Von Schröder introduces the first practical electrocardiographbubble oxygenator.<ref name=history-"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and-epidemiologyMedical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Leiden|Leiden]], [[wikipedia:Netherlands|Netherlands]]

|19201895 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||German physicist [[wikipedia:Mercurial diureticWilhelm Röntgen|Organomercurial diureticsWilhelm Röntgen]] discovers [[wikipedia:X-ray|X-ray]]s, which are first used for treatment of to diagnose heart failuredisease.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|19241901 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:American Heart AssociationDutch people|Association for Dutch]] physiologist [[wikipedia:Willem Einthoven|Willem Einthoven]] invents the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease[[wikipedia:string galvanometer|string galvanometer]] is established, which becomes the first practical electrocardiograph.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/General/Historyhistory-of-theand-American-Heart-Association_UCM_308120_Article.jsp#.V56Qh_mGMhk|title=History of the American Heart Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<epidemiology/ref>||[[wikipedia:New York CityLeiden|Leiden]], [[wikipedia:Netherlands|New York CityNetherlands]]

|19261920 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The [[wikipedia:Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteMercurial diuretic|Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes InstituteOrganomercurial diuretics]] is foundedare first used for treatment of heart failure.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=https://www.bakeridi.edu.au/|title=Baker |author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<history-and-epidemiology/ref>||[[wikipedia:Melbourne|Melbourne]], [[wikipedia:Australia|Australia]]

|1930–19391924 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||German physicist The [[wikipedia:Werner ForssmannAmerican Heart Association|Werner Forssmann]] is the first to develop a technique Association for [[wikipedia:cardiac catheterization|cardiac catheterization]], winning later the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicinePrevention and Relief of Heart Disease]] for this achievementis established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprizeheart.org/nobel_prizesHEARTORG/medicineGeneral/laureates/1956/forssmannHistory-of-the-American-Heart-bioAssociation_UCM_308120_Article.htmljsp#.V56Qh_mGMhk|title=Werner ForssmannHistory of the American Heart Association|author=|date=|accessdate=29 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Eberswalde|Eberswalde]], [[wikipedia:GermanyNew York City|GermanyNew York City]]

|19321926 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:American peopleBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Michael E. DeBakey|Michael E. DeBakey]] develops the [[wikipedia:roller pump|roller pump]], which later becomes an essential component of the [[wikipedia:heart-lung machine|heart-lung machineBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute]]is founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://www.biographybakeridi.edu.com/peopleau/michael-debakey-9269009#synopsis|title=Michael DeBakeyBaker |author=|date=|accessdate=28 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Tulane UniversityMelbourne|Tulane UniversityMelbourne]], [[wikipedia:New OrleansAustralia|New OrleansAustralia]]

|19381929 ||AchievementMedical development ||American German surgeon [[wikipedia:Robert Edward Gross{{w|Robert Gross]] applies systematically Werner Forssmann}} develops the technique of cardiac catheterization. For this achievement, Forssmann will receive the first modern [[wikipediaNobel Prize in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http:Cardiac surgery//www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/forssmann-bio.html|title=Werner Forssmann|author=|cardiovascular surgery]] when successfully closes a patent [[wikipedia:ductus arteriosusdate=|ductus arteriosus]].accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=onlinejacc"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's HospitalEberswalde|Boston Children's HospitalEberswalde]], [[wikipedia:BostonGermany|BostonGermany]]

|19411932 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:French American people|FrenchAmerican]] physician [[wikipedia:André Cournandcardiac surgeon|André Cournandcardiac surgeon]] and American physician [[wikipedia:Dickinson RichardsMichael E. DeBakey|Dickinson RichardsMichael E. DeBakey]], use develops the [[wikipedia:Cardiac catheterizationroller pump|cardiac catheterroller pump]] as a diagnostic tool for the first time, applying catheterization techniques to measure right-heart pressures and cardiac output. Both are awarded which later becomes an essential component of the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prizeheart-lung machine|Nobel Prizeheart-lung machine]] in 1956.<ref name=onlinejacc>{{cite journal |author=Eugene Braunwald |date= |title=Cardiology: the past, the present, and the futureweb|url=http://contentwww.onlinejaccbiography.orgcom/article.aspx?articleid=1132857|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|publisher= |volume= 42|issue= |pages= 2031–2041|doi=10.1016people/j.jacc.2003.08.025 michael-debakey-9269009#synopsis|pmctitle= |pmid= }}</ref><ref name=20th-Century>{{cite journal Michael DeBakey|author=Nirav J. Mehta, Ijaz A. Khan |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries of the 20th Century |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher=NCBI |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 164–71|doi= |pmc=124754 |pmid= 12224718 |yearaccessdate=200228 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Bellevue HospitalTulane University|Bellevue HospitalTulane University]], [[wikipedia:New York CityOrleans|New York CityOrleans]]

|19481937 ||StudyMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Framingham Heart Study|Framingham Heart Study]] is initiated under the direction of the [[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart Institute]] to better understand [[wikipedia:atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]] and cardiovascular diseaseAn artificial heart designed by Soviet scientist W. 1,980 male and 2,421 female volunteers are recruitedP. The study identifies several factors that put Demichow is first successfully applied on a person at risk dog for atherosclerosis: among them, high levels of [[wikipedia:cholesterol|cholesterol]]5. Over 1000 medical papers will have been published related to the Framingham Heart Study5 hours.<ref name=heartt>{{cite web|url=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://dev8.nsta.orgReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/evwebs/2645a/history.html> |title=A History of Heart Disease Treatment|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite webw|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/history.php|title=Framingham Heart Study|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016Soviet Union}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Framingham|Framingham]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

|1949–19581938 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||American surgeon [[wikipedia:Scottish peopleRobert Edward Gross|ScottishRobert Gross]] applies systematically the first modern [[wikipedia:epidemiologistCardiac surgery|epidemiologistcardiovascular surgery]] when successfully closes a patent [[wikipedia:Jerry Morrisductus arteriosus|Jerry Morrisductus arteriosus]] performs studies on cardiovascular health, later establishing the importance of .<ref name=onlinejacc/> || [[wikipedia:physical activityBoston Children's Hospital|physical activityBoston Children's Hospital]] in preventing , [[wikipedia:cardiovascular diseaseBoston|cardiovascular diseaseBoston]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ashton JR|journal=J Epidemiol Comm Health|title=Professor J N "Jerry" Morris|year=2000|volume=54|pages=881a| doi=10.1136/jech.54.12.881a }}</ref>||

|19501941 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The First [[wikipedia:World Congress of CardiologyFrench people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:André Cournand|André Cournand]] and American physician [[wikipedia:Dickinson Richards|Dickinson Richards]], use the [[wikipedia:Cardiac catheterization|cardiac catheter]] as a diagnostic tool for the first time, applying catheterization techniques to measure right-heart pressures and cardiac output. Both are awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize|World Congress of CardiologyNobel Prize]] (WCC) is heldin 1956.<ref name=world-heart-federationonlinejacc>{{cite webjournal |author=Eugene Braunwald |date= |title=Cardiology: the past, the present, and the future|url=http://wwwcontent.world-heart-federationonlinejacc.org/about-usarticle.aspx?articleid=1132857|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|publisher= |volume= 42|issue= |pages= 2031–2041|doi=10.1016/historyj.jacc.2003.08.025 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref><ref name=20th-Century>{{cite journal |author=Nirav J. Mehta, Ijaz A. Khan |date= |title= World Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries of the 20th Century |journal= Tex Heart FederationInst J|publisher=NCBI |volume= 29|authorissue= |pages= 164–71|doi= |pmc=124754 |datepmid=12224718 |accessdateyear=30 July 20162002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:ParisBellevue Hospital|Bellevue Hospital]], [[wikipedia:New York City|ParisNew York City]]

|19501948 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||Team led by American scientist The [[wikipedia:John GofmanFramingham Heart Study|John GofmanFramingham Heart Study]] demonstrates is initiated under the role direction of the [[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart Institute]] to better understand [[wikipedia:atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]] and cardiovascular disease. 1,980 male and 2,421 female volunteers are recruited. The study identifies several factors that put a person at risk for atherosclerosis: among them, high levels of [[wikipedia:lipoproteinscholesterol|lipoproteinscholesterol]] in . Over 1000 medical papers will have been published related to the causation of heart diseaseFramingham Heart Study.<ref name=heartt>{{cite web|url=http://dev.nsta.org/evwebs/2645a/history.html|title=A History of Heart Disease Treatment|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://www.berkeleyframinghamheartstudy.edu/news/media/releases/2007org/09about-fhs/04_GofmanObithistory.shtmlphp|title=John GofmanFramingham Heart Study|author=|date=|accessdate=28 27 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of CaliforniaFramingham|Framingham]], Berkeley[[wikipedia:Massachusetts|University of California, BerkeleyMassachusetts]]

|1950-19581949 || Medical development (device) ||Development{{w|Scientists Karl HIBM}} develops the Gibbon Model I heart-lung machine. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, It consists of DeBakey pumps and Frederick Cfilm oxygenator. Novello <ref name="Handbook of [[wikipediaPolymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices:Merck and Co8.|Merck and Co]] develop thiazides for treatment Review of [[wikipedia:hypertensionResearch in Cardiovascular Devices"/> |hypertension]] and [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]].{{w|United States}}

|1950–19591949–1958 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:pharmacologyepidemiologist|pharmacologistepidemiologist]] [[wikipedia:James Black (pharmacologist)Jerry Morris|James BlackJerry Morris]] develops performs studies on cardiovascular health, later establishing the importance of [[wikipedia:propranololphysical activity|propranololphysical activity]], a in preventing [[wikipedia:beta blockercardiovascular disease|beta blocker]] used for the treatment of heart cardiovascular disease. Black is awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1988 for this work.<ref name>{{cite journal|author=Ashton JR|journal=J Epidemiol Comm Health|title=Professor J N "Jerry" Morris|year=2000|volume=54|pages=onlinejacc881a| doi=10.1136/jech.54.12.881a }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]

| 1950 || Organization || The First [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] (WCC) is held.<ref name=world-heart-federation>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federation.org/about-us/history/|title= World Heart Federation|author=|date=|accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Paris|Paris]] |-| 1950 || Scientific development || Team led by American scientist [[wikipedia:John Gofman|John Gofman]] demonstrates the role of [[wikipedia:lipoproteins|lipoproteins]] in the causation of heart disease.<ref name=heartt/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/09/04_GofmanObit.shtml|title=John Gofman|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]|-| 1950-1958 || Medical development || Scientists Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of [[wikipedia:Merck and Co.|Merck and Co]] develop thiazides for treatment of [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]] and [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]]. |||-| 1950–1959 || Medical development (drug) || [[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:pharmacology|pharmacologist]] [[wikipedia:James Black (pharmacologist)|James Black]] develops [[wikipedia:propranolol|propranolol]], a [[wikipedia:beta blocker|beta blocker]] used for the treatment of heart disease. Black is awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1988 for this work.<ref name=onlinejacc/>||[[wikipedia:Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]|-|1950–1959||DiscoveryScientific development ||American scientist [[wikipedia:Ancel Keys|Ancel Keys]] discovers that heart disease is rare in some Mediterranean populations where fat diet has slow consumption.<ref name=healthline>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/history#3|title=The History of Heart Disease

|1952||DevelopmentMEdical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Swedes|Swedish]] cardiologist [[wikipedia:Inge Edler|Inge Edler]] and German physicist [[wikipedia:Carl Hellmuth Hertz|Carl Hellmuth Hertz]] adapt for human use a sonar device for detecting submarines in [[wikipedia:World War II|World War II]] and record echoes from the walls of a human heart, thereby launching the field of [[wikipedia:echocardiography|echocardiography]].<ref name=onlinejacc/>||

|1952||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||American cardiologist [[wikipedia:Paul Zoll|Paul Zoll]] develops the first external [[wikipedia:cardiac pacemaker|cardiac pacemaker]].<ref name=onlinejacc/><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Harvard University|Harvard University]], [[wikipedia:Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

|19531952 ||AchievementMedical development ||American surgeon [[wikipedia:John Heysham Gibbon{{w|John Gibbon]] performs the first open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypassCharles A. Hufnagel}} sews an artificial valve into a patient's aorta.<ref name=onlinejacc"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Thomas Jefferson Hospital|Thomas Jefferson Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Philadelphia|Philadelphia]]

|19581953 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||American surgeon [[wikipedia:ThiazideJohn Heysham Gibbon|ThiazideJohn Gibbon]] performs the first open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypass.<ref name=onlinejacc/> || [[wikipedia:diureticsThomas Jefferson Hospital|diureticsThomas Jefferson Hospital]] are introduced for treating , [[wikipedia:hypertensionPhiladelphia|hypertensionPhiladelphia]].<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|19591953 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] establishes [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular Disease|Cardiovascular Disease]] programDr Michael DeBakey implants a seamless, knit Dacron tube for surgical repairs and/or replacement of occluded vessels of vascular aneurysms.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseases"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||{{w|United States}}

|19601958 ||DiscoveryMedical development (drug) ||[[wikipedia:Framingham StudyThiazide|Framingham StudyThiazide]][[wikipedia: diuretics|diuretics]] are introduced for treating [[wikipedia:Tobacco smokinghypertension|Cigarette smokinghypertension]] is found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/abouthistory-fhs/researchand-milestones.php|title=Research Milestones|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}<epidemiology/ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|19601959 ||AchievementProgram ||The first successful coronary artery bypass operation (anastomosis) is performed by German surgeon [[wikipedia:Robert H. GoetzWorld Health Organization|World Health Organization]] establishes [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular Disease|Robert H. GoetzCardiovascular Disease]]program.<ref name=greatest-discoveries>{{cite journal |author=Jordan D. Haller, Andrew S. Olearchyk |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= National Center for Biotechnology Information |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 342–4|doi= |pmc=140304 |pmid= 12484626 |year=2002}}<cardiovascular_diseases/ref>||[[wikipedia:Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]

|19611960 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:CholesterolFramingham Study|CholesterolFramingham Study]] level, [[wikipedia:blood pressure|blood pressure]], and [[wikipedia:ElectrocardiographyTobacco smoking|electrocardiogramCigarette smoking]] abnormalities are is found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/research-milestones.php|title=Research Milestones|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|19611960 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The first successful coronary artery bypass operation (anastomosis) is performed by German surgeon [[wikipedia:British Heart FoundationRobert H. Goetz|British Heart FoundationRobert H. Goetz]] (BHF) is established as a charity organization in order to fund research on cardiovascular disease.<refname=greatest-discoveries>{{cite webjournal |urlauthor=https://wwwJordan D.bhfHaller, Andrew S.org.uk/Olearchyk |date= |title=British Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries |journal= Tex Heart FoundationInst J|publisher= National Center for Biotechnology Information |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 342–4|doi= |authorpmc=140304 |datepmid=12484626 |accessdateyear=31 July 20162002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonAlbert Einstein College of Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[wikipedia:New York City|LondonNew York City]]

|19631961 ||OrganizationScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São PauloCholesterol|Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São PauloCholesterol]] is founded as a center specializing in level, [[wikipedia:cardiologyblood pressure|cardiologyblood pressure]], [[wikipedia:cardiovascular medicine|cardiovascular medicine]] and [[wikipedia:cardiovascular surgeryElectrocardiography|cardiovascular surgeryelectrocardiogram]]abnormalities are found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http://www.incor.usp.brframinghamheartstudy/sites/incor2013/|title=incor|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Sao PauloU.S.A|Sao PauloU.S.A]]

|19641961 ||AchievementOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:RussiansBritish Heart Foundation|RussianBritish Heart Foundation]] cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Vasiliy Kolesov|Vasiliy Kolesov]] performs the first successful coronary bypass using (BHF) is established as a standard suture techniquecharity organization in order to fund research on cardiovascular disease.<ref name>{{cite web|url=greatest-discoverieshttps://www.bhf.org.uk/|title=British Heart Foundation|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>|| [[wikipedia:London|London]]

|19641963 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||American [[wikipedia:interventional radiologistInstituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo|interventional radiologistInstituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo]] is founded as a center specializing in [[wikipedia:Charles Dottercardiology|Charles Dottercardiology]] describes , [[wikipedia:angioplastycardiovascular medicine|angioplastycardiovascular medicine]] and [[wikipedia:cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgery]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Dotter CT, Judkins MP |title=Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction |journal=Circulation |volume=30 |pages=654–70 |date=November 1964 |pmid=14226164 web|url=http://circwww.incor.ahajournalsusp.orgbr/cgisites/pmidlookup?viewincor2013/|title=long&pmidincor|author=14226164 |doidate=10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 |issueaccessdate=5 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Sao Paulo|Sao Paulo]]

|19671964 ||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:South African peopleRussians|South AfricanRussian]] cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Christiaan BarnardVasiliy Kolesov|Christiaan BarnardVasiliy Kolesov]] performs the first successful human-to-human heart transplantcoronary bypass using a standard suture technique.<ref name=historygreatest-and-epidemiologydiscoveries/>||[[wikipedia:Groote Schuur Hospital|Groote Schuur Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Cape Town|Cape Town]]

|19671964 ||AchievementMedical development ||American [[wikipedia:Argentineinterventional radiologist|Argentineinterventional radiologist]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeonCharles Dotter|cardiac surgeonCharles Dotter]] describes [[wikipedia:René Favaloroangioplasty|René Favaloroangioplasty]] performs for the first documented [[wikipedia:Coronary artery bypass surgery|saphenous aortocoronary bypass]]time.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Denton A. Cooley |datevauthors = Dotter CT, Judkins MP |title=In Memoriam: Tribute to René Favaloro, Pioneer Transluminal treatment of Coronary Bypass arteriosclerotic obstruction |journal= Tex Heart Inst JCirculation |publishervolume= 30 |volumepages= 27654–70 |issuedate= November 1964 |pagespmid= 231–214226164 |doiurl=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view= |pmclong&pmid=101069 14226164 |pmiddoi= 11225585 10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 |yearissue=20005 }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic]], [[wikipedia:Ohio|Ohio]]

|1967||DiscoveryMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Sedentary lifestyleSouth African people|Physical inactivitySouth African]] and cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:obesityChristiaan Barnard|obesityChristiaan Barnard]] are found performs the first successful human-to increase the risk of -human heart diseasetransplant.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseaseshistory-and-epidemiology/>{{cite web|url=http|[[wikipedia://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/cvd_atlas_27_MILS_1856_1967.pdf|title=who cardiovascular diseases|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>|Groote Schuur Hospital|Groote Schuur Hospital]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A.Cape Town|U.S.A.Cape Town]]

|19691967 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The [[wikipedia:World Heart FederationArgentine|Argentine]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:René Favaloro|René Favaloro]] performs the first documented [[wikipedia:Coronary artery bypass surgery|International Cardiology Foundationsaphenous aortocoronary bypass]] (ICF) is established.<ref>{{cite webjournal |urlauthor=http://wwwDenton A.epi.umn.edu/cvdepi/essay/the-international-society-of-cardiology-isc-and-cvd-epidemiology/Cooley |date= |title=The International Society In Memoriam: Tribute to René Favaloro, Pioneer of Cardiology (ISC) and CVD EpidemiologyCoronary Bypass |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 231–2|doi= |authorpmc=101069 |datepmid=11225585 |accessdateyear=29 July 20162000}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:GenevaCleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic]], [[wikipedia:Ohio|GenevaOhio]]

|19691967 ||AchievementDcientific development ||Argentine [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeonSedentary lifestyle|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Domingo Liotta|Domingo LiottaPhysical inactivity]] and [[wikipedia:Americansobesity|Americanobesity]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Denton Cooley|Denton Cooley]] perform are found to increase the first clinical implantation risk of a total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]] (TAH)disease.<refname=cardiovascular_diseases>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdliottawho.orgint/biographycardiovascular_diseases/en/cvd_atlas_27_MILS_1856_1967.htmpdf|title=Professor Domingo Santo Liottawho cardiovascular diseases|author=|date=|accessdate=28 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart InstituteU.S.A.|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|HoustonU.S.A.]]

|19701968 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||The Sixth [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] is heldA. Kantrowitz et al. During this congress, perform the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Cardiology Federation]] (ICF) is createdfirst clinical trial in a man with intra-aortic balloon pumping.<ref name=world-heart-federation"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:London|London]]

|19701969 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillationWorld Heart Federation|Atrial fibrillationInternational Cardiology Foundation]] (ICF) is found to increase stroke risk 5-foldestablished.<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.epi.umn.edu/cvdepi/essay/the-international-society-of-cardiology-isc-and-cvd-epidemiology/|title=The International Society of Cardiology (ISC) and CVD Epidemiology|author=|date=framinghamheartstudy|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref>||U.S.A[[wikipedia:Geneva|Geneva]]

|19751969 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||Argentine [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Domingo Liotta|Domingo Liotta]] and [[wikipedia:Americans|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Denton Cooley|The Denton Cooley]] perform the first clinical implantation of a total [[wikipedia:Philippine Heart Centerartificial heart|Philippine Heart Centerartificial heart]] is founded(TAH).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phcfdliotta.govorg/biography.ph/htm|title=Philippine Heart CenterProfessor Domingo Santo Liotta|author=|date=|accessdate=31 28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Quezón CityThe Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]|- | 1970 || Organization || The Sixth [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|Quezón CityWorld Congress of Cardiology]]is held. During this congress, the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Cardiology Federation]] (ICF) is created.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:PhilippinesLondon|PhilippinesLondon]]

|19761970 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:MenopauseAtrial fibrillation|MenopauseAtrial fibrillation]] is found to increase the stroke risk of heart disease5-fold.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||U.S.A

|19771971 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||German [[wikipedia:radiology|radiologist]] [[wikipedia:Andreas Gruentzig|Andreas Gruentzig]] first develops [[wikipedia:coronary angioplasty|coronary angioplasty]] White– Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) are implemented on newborn babies using veno-venous bypass for treatment of [[wikipedia:coronary artery disease|coronary artery disease]]up to 9 days.<ref>{{cite journal |authorname= Bernhard Meier, Dölf Bachmann, Thomas F Lüscher |date= February 2003|title=25 years "Handbook of coronary angioplasty: almost a fairy tale|url=httpPolymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2803%2912470-1/fulltext|journal= The Lancet|publisher= |volume= 361|issue= |pages= 527|doi=10.1016Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/S0140-6736(03)12470-1|pmc= |pmid= 12583964}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Zurich|Zurich]], [[wikipedia:Switzerland|Switzerland]]

|19781975 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||Psychosocial factors are found to affect heart diseaseThe [[wikipedia:Philippine Heart Center|Philippine Heart Center]] is founded.<ref name>{{cite web|url=framinghamheartstudyhttp://www.phc.gov.ph/|title=Philippine Heart Center|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.AQuezón City|Quezón City]], [[wikipedia:Philippines|U.S.APhilippines]]

|19781976 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society of Cardiology]] and the [[wikipedia:World Congress of CardiologyMenopause|International Cardiology FederationMenopause]] merge is found to become increase the [[wikipedia:World Congress risk of Cardiology|International Society and Federation of Cardiology]].heart disease<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/>||U.S.A

|19791977 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The German [[wikipedia:radiology|radiologist]] [[wikipedia:Andreas Gruentzig|Andreas Gruentzig]] first develops [[wikipedia:Heart Rhythm Societycoronary angioplasty|Heart Rhythm Societycoronary angioplasty]] (HRS) is founded as an international non-profit organization in order to promote education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patientstreatment of [[wikipedia:coronary artery disease|coronary artery disease]].<ref>{{cite webjournal |author= Bernhard Meier, Dölf Bachmann, Thomas F Lüscher |date= February 2003|title=25 years of coronary angioplasty: almost a fairy tale|url=http://www.hrsonlinethelancet.orgcom/Aboutjournals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-HRS6736%2803%2912470-1/fulltext|journal= The Lancet|publisher= |titlevolume= 361|issue=Heart Rhythm Society|authorpages=527|datedoi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12470-1|pmc=|accessdatepmid=31 July 201612583964}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:WashingtonZurich|Zurich]], D.C.[[wikipedia:Switzerland|Washington, D.C.Switzerland]]

|19821978 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:Jarvik 7|Jarvik 7]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial Psychosocial factors are found to affect heart]], named for its designer, Dr. [[wikipedia:Robert Jarvik|Robert Jarvik]], is implanted in a patientdisease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/j7tah.cfm|title=Jarvik 7|author=|date=|accessdatename=31 July 2016}}<framinghamheartstudy/ref>||[[wikipedia:University of UtahU.S.A|University of UtahU.S.A]]

|19861978 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||French physician The [[wikipedia:Jacques PuelWorld Congress of Cardiology|Jacques PuelInternational Society of Cardiology]] and German the [[wikipedia:cardiologistWorld Congress of Cardiology|cardiologist]] [[wikipedia:Ulrich Sigwart|Ulrich SigwartInternational Cardiology Federation]] are attributed merge to be the first to use become the [[wikipedia:coronary stentWorld Congress of Cardiology|coronary stentInternational Society and Federation of Cardiology]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1name=Roguin|first1=Ariel|title=Historical Perspectives in Cardiology|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventsions|date=2011|volume=4|pages=206–209|doi=10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872|url=http://circinterventions.ahajournals.org/content/4/2/206.full|issue=2}}<world-heart-federation/ref>||[[wikipedia:Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[wikipedia:France|France]]

|19871979 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||Study done by The [[wikipedia:Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival StudyHeart Rhythm Society|Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival StudyHeart Rhythm Society]] (CONSENSUSHRS), shows unequivocal survival benefit of [[wikipedia:angiotensin|angiotensin]] converting enzyme inhibitors is founded as an international non-profit organization in severe heart failureorder to promote education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patients.<ref name>{{cite web|url=historyhttp://www.hrsonline.org/About-and-epidemiologyHRS/|title=Heart Rhythm Society|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]]

|19881982 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:HemopumpJarvik 7|Jarvik 7]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|Hemopumpartificial heart]], a temporary left ventricular assist blood pumpnamed for its designer, is put to clinical useDr. It [[wikipedia:Robert Jarvik|Robert Jarvik]], is designed to allow for temporary support of implanted in a failing heartpatient.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/hemopumpj7tah.cfm|title=HemopumpJarvik 7|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart InstituteUniversity of Utah|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|HoustonUniversity of Utah]]

|19881984 ||AchievementMedical development ||The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial [[wikipedia:Ventricular assist deviceAmerican surgeon {{w|Ventricular assist device]] LVAD is conducted by Dr. [[wikipedia:William F. BernhardLeonard L Bailey}} transplants a baboon heart into {{w|William FBaby Fae}}, at Loma Linda Medical Center. Bernhard]]The baby survives for three weeks.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=https"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.joomag.comReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/magazine/lvad-living-august-2014/0872428001402630896?page=10> |title=LVAD |author={{w|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016United States}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]]

|19931984 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||Oyer and Portner use the Novacor electronically powered implantable left ventricular assist device as the [[wikipedia:American Society of Nuclear Cardiology|American Society of Nuclear Cardiology]] (ASNC) is foundedfirst successful bridge to transplant.<ref>{{cite webbook|title=Textbook of Organ Transplantation Set|edition=Allan D. Kirk, Stuart J. Knechtle, Christian P. Larsen, Joren C. Madsen, Thomas C. Pearson, Steven A. Webber|url=httphttps://wwwbooks.asncgoogle.orgcom.ar/|titlebooks?id=GzMWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA555&dq=%22in+1984%22+%22novacor%22+%22transplant%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=ASNC|author0ahUKEwj3n6nkm8rZAhVPrVkKHasDCg0Q6AEILDAB#v=|dateonepage&q=|accessdate%22in%201984%22%20%22novacor%22%20%22transplant%22&f=31 July 2016false}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||

|19941986 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||Enlarged left French physician [[wikipedia:Jacques Puel|Jacques Puel]] and German [[wikipedia:Ventricle (heart)cardiologist|cardiologist]] [[wikipedia:Ulrich Sigwart|ventricleUlrich Sigwart]] (one of two lower chambers of are attributed to be the heart) is shown first to increase use the risk of stroke[[wikipedia:coronary stent|coronary stent]].<ref name>{{cite journal|last1=Roguin|first1=Ariel|title=Historical Perspectives in Cardiology|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventsions|date=2011|volume=4|pages=206–209|doi=10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872|url=http://circinterventions.ahajournals.org/content/4/2/206.full|issue=framinghamheartstudy2}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.AToulouse|Toulouse]], [[wikipedia:France|U.S.AFrance]]

|19951986 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:European Society of Cardiology|European Society of Cardiology]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]]first atherectomy devices that remove material from the vessel wall are introduced.<ref name=history-"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and-epidemiologyMedical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||

|19961987 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||Progression from hypertension to Study done by [[wikipedia:Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study|Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study]] (CONSENSUS), shows unequivocal survival benefit of [[wikipedia:angiotensin|angiotensin]] converting enzyme inhibitors in severe heart failure is described.<ref name=framinghamheartstudyhistory-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|19971988 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:ThoratecHemopump|ThoratecHemopump]] [[wikipedia:Ventricular Assist Device|Ventricular Assist Device]] (VAD) , a temporary left ventricular assist blood pump, is put to clinical use . It is designed to allow for temporary support patients with acute and chronic of a failing heart failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/thoratechemopump.cfm|title=Thoratec VADHemopump|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]

|19981988 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial [[wikipedia:Framingham StudyVentricular assist device|Framingham StudyVentricular assist device]]: LVAD is conducted by Dr. [[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillationWilliam F. Bernhard|Atrial fibrillationWilliam F. Bernhard]] is found to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.<ref name>{{cite web|url=framinghamheartstudyhttps://www.joomag.com/magazine/lvad-living-august-2014/0872428001402630896?page=10|title=LVAD |author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||U.S.A[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]]

|19981993||Organization||The the [[wikipedia:World Congress American Society of Nuclear Cardiology|International American Society and Federation of Nuclear Cardiology]] board approves the change of name to [[wikipedia:World Heart Federation|World Heart Federation]] (WHFASNC)is founded.<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnc.org/|title=ASNC|author=|date=world-heart-federation|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||

|19991994 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||Lifetime risk at age 40 years Enlarged left [[wikipedia:Ventricle (heart)|ventricle]] (one of two lower chambers of developing coronary the heart disease ) is found shown to be one in two for men and one in three for womenincrease the risk of stroke.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|20001995 ||OrganizationPublication ||The World Heart Federation launches '''World Heart Day''' as an annual event on the last Sunday [[wikipedia:European Society of each SeptemberCardiology|European Society of Cardiology]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]].<ref name=worldhistory-heartand-federationepidemiology/>||

|20001996 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:Krishna Heart Institute|Krishna Heart Institute]] Progression from hypertension to heart failure is founded as a high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:heart diseases|heart diseases]]described.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaheartbeat.com/hospital/profile/30849/KRISHNA-HEART-SUPER-SPECIALTY-INSTITUTE.html|title=Krishna Heart Institute|author=|date=|accessdatename=31 July 2016}}<framinghamheartstudy/ref>||[[wikipedia:AhmedabadU.S.A|Ahmedabad]], [[wikipedia:India|IndiaU.S.A]]

|20001997 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Blood Pressure AssociationThoratec|Blood Pressure AssociationThoratec]] is founded as a [[wikipedia:charitable organizationVentricular Assist Device|charitable organizationVentricular Assist Device]] (VAD) is put to clinical use to provide information and support to people patients with [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]]acute and chronic heart failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blood-pressure-monitoringtexasheart.org/Research/Devices/thoratec.cfm|title=Blood Pressure AssociationThoratec VAD|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonThe Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|LondonHouston]]

|20011998 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||High-normal [[wikipedia:blood pressureFramingham Study|Framingham Study]]: [[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillation|blood pressureAtrial fibrillation]] is found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to determine whether lowering highall-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseasecause mortality.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|20011998 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:AbioCorWorld Congress of Cardiology|AbioCorInternational Society and Federation of Cardiology]] total board approves the change of name to [[wikipedia:artificial heartWorld Heart Federation|artificial heart]] is implanted in a 59-year-old man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMedWorld Heart Federation]](WHF).<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devicesworld-heart-federation/abiocor.cfm|title=AbioCor|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Jewish Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)|Jewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[wikipedia:Kentucky|Kentucky]]

|20041999 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||Serum [[wikipedia:aldosterone|aldosterone]] levels are Lifetime risk at age 40 years of developing coronary heart disease is found to predict future risk of hypertension be one in two for men and one in non-hypertensive individualsthree for women.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Jane C. Evans, D.Sc., Martin G. Larson, Sc.D., Peter W.F. Wilson, M.D., James B. Meigs, M.D., M.P.H., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Emelia J. Benjamin, M.D., Daniel Levy, M.D. |date= |title=Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa033263#t=article|journal= New England Journal of Medicine|publisher= |volume= 351|issue= |pages= 33–41|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033263 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Medical Center|Boston Medical Center]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|20062000 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Multan Institute World Heart Federation launches '''World Heart Day''' as an annual event on the last Sunday of Cardiology|Multan Institute of Cardiology]] is foundedeach September.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cpeic.gop.pk/|title=Multan Institute of Cardiology|author=|datename=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<world-heart-federation/ref>||[[wikipedia:Multan|Multan]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Pakistan]]

|20072000 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Atrial Fibrillation AssociationKrishna Heart Institute|Atrial Fibrillation AssociationKrishna Heart Institute]] is established founded as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with a high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillationheart diseases|atrial fibrillationheart diseases]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartrhythmallianceindiaheartbeat.orgcom/hospital/afaprofile/uk30849/aboutKRISHNA-HEART-SUPER-SPECIALTY-INSTITUTE.html|title=Atrial Fibrillation AssociationKrishna Heart Institute|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Shipston-on-StourAhmedabad|Shipston-on-StourAhmedabad]], [[wikipedia:United KingdomIndia|United KingdomIndia]]

|20082000 ||ReportOrganization ||The total number of deaths due [[wikipedia:Blood Pressure Association|Blood Pressure Association]] is founded as a [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]] to cardiovascular disease reads 17.3 million worldwide a year according provide information and support to the people with [[wikipedia:World Health Organizationhypertension|WHOhypertension]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldblood-heartpressure-federationmonitoring.org/cardiovascular-health/global-facts-map/|title=Deaths due to cardiovascular diseaseBlood Pressure Association|author=|date=|accessdate=1 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:London|London]]

|20082001 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The Sixteenth High-normal [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiologyblood pressure|World Congress of Cardiologyblood pressure]] is held. From then onfound to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the WCC moves from a 4-year need to a 2determine whether lowering high-year cyclenormal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:Buenos AiresU.S.A|Buenos AiresU.S.A]]

|20102001 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Sleep apneaAbioCor|Sleep apneaAbioCor]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]] is found to be tied to increased risk of strokeimplanted in a 59-year-old man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMed]].<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nihtexasheart.govorg/newsResearch/press-releasesDevices/2010/sleep-apnea-tied-to-increased-risk-of-strokeabiocor.cfm|title=Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of strokeAbioCor|author=|date=|accessdate=1 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:National HeartJewish Hospital (Louisville, Lung, and Blood InstituteKentucky)|National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteJewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:MarylandLouisville, Kentucky|MarylandLouisville]], [[wikipedia:U.S.AKentucky|U.S.AKentucky]]

|20112002 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]] as Alain Cribier performs the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment of [[wikipedia:peripheral artery disease|peripheral artery disease]], including the advanced stage of [[wikipedia:critical limb ischemia|critical limb ischemia]]percutaneous aortic valve replacement.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gene Therapy for PAD Approved|url=http://www.dddmag.com/news/2011/12/gene-therapy-pad-approved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3name=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.|title=pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method "Handbook of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia|journal=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Polymer Applications in Medicine and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=httpMedical Devices://cpt8.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]

|20112004 ||CampaignScientific development ||The Serum [[wikipedia:United Nationsaldosterone|UNaldosterone]] declaration on [[wikipedia:Non-communicable disease|Non-communicable disease]]s change the global approach levels are found to NCD’s predict future risk of which cardiovascular disease is the greatest contributorhypertension in non-hypertensive individuals.<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Jane C. Evans, D.Sc., Martin G. Larson, Sc.D., Peter W.F. Wilson, M.D., James B. Meigs, M.D., M.P.H., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Emelia J. Benjamin, M.D., Daniel Levy, M.D. |date= |title=Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa033263#t=article|journal= New England Journal of Medicine|publisher= |volume= 351|issue= |pages= 33–41|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033263 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Medical Center|Boston Medical Center]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|20122004 ||ReportMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Ischemic The CardioWest TAH-t becomes the world's first temporary total artificial heart disease|Ischemic heart disease]] and [[wikipedia:stroke|stroke]] are found (TAH-t). It is indicated for use as a bridge to be the leading causes transplant in cardiac transplant patients at risk of imminent death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 6.7 million deaths for strokefrom nonreversible biventricular failure.<ref name=factsheets>{{cite web|url=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://who8.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/|title=The top 10 causes Review of death|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}<Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/ref>||

| 2006 || Organization || The [[wikipedia:Multan Institute of Cardiology|Multan Institute of Cardiology]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cpeic.gop.pk/|title=Multan Institute of Cardiology|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Multan|Multan]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Pakistan]]|-| 2007 || Organization || [[wikipedia:Atrial Fibrillation Association|Atrial Fibrillation Association]] is established as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillation|atrial fibrillation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heartrhythmalliance.org/afa/uk/about|title=Atrial Fibrillation Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Shipston-on-Stour|Shipston-on-Stour]], [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]|-| 2008 || Epidemiology || The total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease reads 17.3 million worldwide a year according to the [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|WHO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/global-facts-map/|title=Deaths due to cardiovascular disease|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>|||-| 2008 || Organization || The Sixteenth [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] is held. From then on, the WCC moves from a 4-year to a 2-year cycle.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]] |-| 2010 || Scientific development ||[[wikipedia:Sleep apnea|Sleep apnea]] is found to be tied to increased risk of stroke.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/press-releases/2010/sleep-apnea-tied-to-increased-risk-of-stroke|title=Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of stroke|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]|-| 2011 || Medical development (drug) || pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]] as the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment of [[wikipedia:peripheral artery disease|peripheral artery disease]], including the advanced stage of [[wikipedia:critical limb ischemia|critical limb ischemia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gene Therapy for PAD Approved|url=http://www.dddmag.com/news/2011/12/gene-therapy-pad-approved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.|title=pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia|journal=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=http://cpt.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]|-| 2011 || Update || The [[wikipedia:United Nations|UN]] declaration on [[wikipedia:Non-communicable disease|Non-communicable disease]]s change the global approach to NCD’s of which cardiovascular disease is the greatest contributor.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>|||-| 2012 || Epidemiology || [[wikipedia:Ischemic heart disease|Ischemic heart disease]] and [[wikipedia:stroke|stroke]] are found to be the leading causes of death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 6.7 million deaths for stroke.<ref name=factsheets>{{cite web|url=http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/|title=The top 10 causes of death|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>|||-|2013||CampaignProgram ||World Heart Federation board adopts the [[wikipedia:United Nations|United Nations]] and [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] targets for cardiovascular disease, launching the '''25 x 25 campaign''' to reduce premature death from CVD by 25% by 2025.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||

==ReferencesMeta information on the timeline== ===How the timeline was built=== The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian]]. {{Reflist|30emfunding info}}is available. ===Feedback and comments=== Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places: * FIXME ===What the timeline is still missing=== ===Timeline update strategy=== ==See also==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardiovascular DiseaseReflist|30em}}[[wikipedia:Category:Heart diseases| ]][[wikipedia:Category:Health-related timelines|Category:Health-related timelines]][[wikipedia:Category:History of cardiovascular surgery|Category:History of cardiovascular surgery]][[wikipedia:Category:Medicine timelines|Category:Medicine timelines]]