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Timeline of cardiovascular disease

5,969 bytes added, 15:44, 31 January 2021
Visual data
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== Visual data ==
 
=== Google Trends ===
 
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Cardiovascular disease (disease) from January 2004 to January 2021, when the screenshot was taken.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cardiovascular disease |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F02k6hp |website=trends.google.com |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
 
[[File:Cardio gt.jpeg|thumb|center|800px]]
 
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Cardiovascular disease from 1700 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cardiovascular disease |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Cardiovascular+disease&year_start=1700&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref>
 
[[File:Cardio ngram.jpeg|thumb|center|800px]]
 
=== Wikipedia views ===
 
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Cardiovascular disease}} on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from June 2015; to December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cardiovascular disease |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Cardiovascular+disease&allmonths=allmonths&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=19 January 2021}}</ref>
 
[[File:Cardiovascular disease wv.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
==Full timeline==
! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location
|-
|1628||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:English people|English]] physician [[wikipedia:William Harvey|William Harvey]] describes in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||
|-
|1658||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Swiss people|Swiss]] physician [[wikipedia:Jakob Wepfer|Jakob Wepfer]] describes for the first time [[wikipedia:Thrombosis|carotid thrombosis]], extracranially and intracranially, in a patient with a completely occluded and calcified right internal [[wikipedia:carotid artery|carotid artery]].<ref name=ahajournals>{{cite web|url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/27/8/1427.full|title=The Evolution of Surgery for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke |author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1681–1742||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:German people|German]] physician [[wikipedia:Friedrich Hoffmann|Friedrich Hoffmann]] notes that coronary heart disease starts in the “reduced passage of the blood within the coronary arteries."<ref name=healthline/>||[[wikipedia:Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg|Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg]]
|-
|1733|Development| Medical development ||English clergyman and scientist [[wikipedia:Stephen Hales|Stephen Hales]] measures blood pressure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=O.|date=1994-12-01|title=Stephen Hales and the measurement of blood pressure|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884783|journal=Journal of Human Hypertension|volume=8|issue=12|pages=865–871|issn=0950-9240|pmid=7884783}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Teddington|Teddington]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]
|-
|1768||DevelopmentScientific development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Heberden|William Heberden]] describes [[wikipedia:angina|angina pectoris]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rwjms1.umdnj.edu/shindler/heberden.html|title=Description of Angina Pectoris by William Heberden |author=|date=|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Royal College of Physicians|Royal College of Physicians]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]
|-
|1785||DevelopmentMedical development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Withering|William Withering]] publishes an account of medical use of [[wikipedia:digitalis|digitalis]], which are used for the treatment of heart conditions.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||
|-
|1803||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:British people|British]] surgeon [[wikipedia:David Fleming (surgeon)|David Fleming]] performs the first successful ligation of a carotid artery.<ref name=ahajournals/>||
|-
| 1812 || DevelopmentScientific development || French physician {{w|César Julien Jean Legallois}} proposes the idea of artificial circulation.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices">{{cite book|last1=Nawrat|first1=Zbigniew|title=Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QWt2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9&dq=%22in+1955%22+The+first+artificial+cardiac+pacemaker&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid_8eBicrZAhUruVkKHeYKDOQQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20The%20first%20artificial%20cardiac%20pacemaker&f=false}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1819 || Development || [[wikipedia:French people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:René Laennec|René Laennec]] invents the [[wikipedia:stethoscope|stethoscope]], an acoustic device for listening internal sounds of an animal or human body.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital|Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Paris|Paris]]
| 1872-1919 || Development || [[wikipedia:Canadian|Canadian]] physician [[wikipedia:William Osler|William Osler]] works extensively on [[wikipedia:angina|angina]], and is one of the first to indicate that angina is a [[wikipedia:syndrome|syndrome]] rather than a [[wikipedia:disease|disease]] in itself.<ref name=healthline/> ||
|-
| 1882 || Development Medical development (device) || German Von Schröder introduces the first bubble oxygenator.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||
|-
|1895||DiscoveryScientific development ||German physicist [[wikipedia:Wilhelm Röntgen|Wilhelm Röntgen]] discovers [[wikipedia:X-ray|X-ray]]s, which are used to diagnose heart disease.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||
|-
|1901||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Dutch people|Dutch]] physiologist [[wikipedia:Willem Einthoven|Willem Einthoven]] invents the [[wikipedia:string galvanometer|string galvanometer]], which becomes the first practical electrocardiograph.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:Leiden|Leiden]], [[wikipedia:Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|-
|1920||DevelopmentMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Mercurial diuretic|Organomercurial diuretics]] are first used for treatment of heart failure.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||
|-
|1924||Organization||The [[wikipedia:American Heart Association|Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/General/History-of-the-American-Heart-Association_UCM_308120_Article.jsp#.V56Qh_mGMhk|title=History of the American Heart Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]
|-
| 1926 || Organization || The [[wikipedia:Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute|Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bakeridi.edu.au/|title=Baker |author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Melbourne|Melbourne]], [[wikipedia:Australia|Australia]]
|-
| 1929 || Development Medical development || German surgeon {{w|Werner Forssmann}} develops the technique of cardiac catheterization. For this achievement, Forssmann will receive the Nobel Prize in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/forssmann-bio.html|title=Werner Forssmann|author=|date=|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || [[wikipedia:Eberswalde|Eberswalde]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]]|-| 1932 || Medical development (device) || [[wikipedia:American people|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Michael E. DeBakey|Michael E. DeBakey]] develops the [[wikipedia:roller pump|roller pump]], which later becomes an essential component of the [[wikipedia:heart-lung machine|heart-lung machine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/michael-debakey-9269009#synopsis|title=Michael DeBakey|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Tulane University|Tulane University]], [[wikipedia:New Orleans|New Orleans]]
|-
| 1932 1937 || Development Medical development (device) || [[wikipedia:American people|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Michael EAn artificial heart designed by Soviet scientist W. P. DeBakey|Michael EDemichow is first successfully applied on a dog for 5. DeBakey]] develops the [[wikipedia:roller pump|roller pump]], which later becomes an essential component of the [[wikipedia:heart-lung machine|heart-lung machine]]5 hours.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.biography.comReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/people/michael-debakey-9269009#synopsis> |title=Michael DeBakey|author={{w|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016Soviet Union}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Tulane University|Tulane University]], [[wikipedia:New Orleans|New Orleans]]
|-
| 1937 1938 || Development Medical development ||American surgeon [[wikipedia:Robert Edward Gross| An artificial heart designed by Soviet scientist W. P. Demichow is Robert Gross]] applies systematically the first modern [[wikipedia:Cardiac surgery|cardiovascular surgery]] when successfully applied on closes a dog for 5.5 hourspatent [[wikipedia:ductus arteriosus|ductus arteriosus]].<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"onlinejacc/> || {{w[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Boston|Soviet Union}}Boston]]
|-
|19381941 ||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:French people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:André Cournand|André Cournand]] and American surgeon physician [[wikipedia:Robert Edward GrossDickinson Richards|Robert GrossDickinson Richards]] applies systematically , use the first modern [[wikipedia:Cardiac surgerycatheterization|cardiovascular surgerycardiac catheter]] when successfully closes as a patent diagnostic tool for the first time, applying catheterization techniques to measure right-heart pressures and cardiac output. Both are awarded the [[wikipedia:ductus arteriosusNobel Prize|ductus arteriosusNobel Prize]]in 1956.<ref name=onlinejacc>{{cite journal |author=Eugene Braunwald |date= |title=Cardiology: the past, the present, and the future|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1132857|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|publisher= |volume= 42|issue= |pages= 2031–2041|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.025 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref><ref name=20th-Century>{{cite journal |author=Nirav J. Mehta, Ijaz A. Khan |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries of the 20th Century |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher=NCBI |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 164–71|doi= |pmc=124754 |pmid= 12224718 |year=2002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Bellevue Hospital|Boston Children's Bellevue Hospital]], [[wikipedia:BostonNew York City|BostonNew York City]]
|-
|19411948 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:French peopleFramingham Heart Study|FrenchFramingham Heart Study]] physician is initiated under the direction of the [[wikipedia:André CournandNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|André CournandNational Heart Institute]] and American physician to better understand [[wikipedia:Dickinson Richardsatherosclerosis|Dickinson Richardsatherosclerosis]]and cardiovascular disease. 1, use the [[wikipedia:Cardiac catheterization|cardiac catheter]] as 980 male and 2,421 female volunteers are recruited. The study identifies several factors that put a diagnostic tool person at risk for the first timeatherosclerosis: among them, applying catheterization techniques to measure right-heart pressures and cardiac output. Both are awarded the high levels of [[wikipedia:Nobel Prizecholesterol|Nobel Prizecholesterol]] in 1956. Over 1000 medical papers will have been published related to the Framingham Heart Study.<ref name=onlinejaccheartt>{{cite journal |author=Eugene Braunwald |date= |title=Cardiology: the past, the present, and the futureweb|url=http://contentdev.onlinejaccnsta.org/articleevwebs/2645a/history.aspx?articleid=1132857html|journaltitle=Journal A History of the American College of CardiologyHeart Disease Treatment|publisherauthor= |volumedate= 42|issue= |pages= 2031–2041|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.025 |pmc= |pmidaccessdate= 27 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=20th-Century>{{cite journal web|authorurl=Nirav Jhttps://www.framinghamheartstudy. Mehta, Ijaz Aorg/about-fhs/history. Khan |date= php|title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries of the 20th Century |journal= Tex Framingham Heart Inst JStudy|publisherauthor=NCBI |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 164–71|doi= |pmc=124754 |pmiddate= 12224718 |yearaccessdate=200227 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Bellevue HospitalFramingham|Bellevue HospitalFramingham]], [[wikipedia:New York CityMassachusetts|New York CityMassachusetts]]
|-
|19481949 ||StudyMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Framingham Heart Study{{w|Framingham Heart Study]] is initiated under IBM}} develops the direction Gibbon Model I heart-lung machine. It consists of the [[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, DeBakey pumps and Blood Institute|National Heart Institute]] to better understand [[wikipedia:atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]] and cardiovascular disease. 1,980 male and 2,421 female volunteers are recruited. The study identifies several factors that put a person at risk for atherosclerosis: among them, high levels of [[wikipedia:cholesterol|cholesterol]]. Over 1000 medical papers will have been published related to the Framingham Heart Studyfilm oxygenator.<ref name=heartt>{{cite web|url=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://dev8.nsta.orgReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/evwebs/2645a/history.html> |title=A History of Heart Disease Treatment|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/history.php|title=Framingham Heart Study|author=w|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016United States}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Framingham|Framingham]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]
|-
|1949–1958||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:epidemiologist|epidemiologist]] [[wikipedia:Jerry Morris|Jerry Morris]] performs studies on cardiovascular health, later establishing the importance of [[wikipedia:physical activity|physical activity]] in preventing [[wikipedia:cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular disease]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ashton JR|journal=J Epidemiol Comm Health|title=Professor J N "Jerry" Morris|year=2000|volume=54|pages=881a| doi=10.1136/jech.54.12.881a }}</ref>||
|-
|1950||Organization||The First [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] (WCC) is held.<ref name=world-heart-federation>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federation.org/about-us/history/|title= World Heart Federation|author=|date=|accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Paris|Paris]]
|-
|1950||DiscoveryScientific development ||Team led by American scientist [[wikipedia:John Gofman|John Gofman]] demonstrates the role of [[wikipedia:lipoproteins|lipoproteins]] in the causation of heart disease.<ref name=heartt/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/09/04_GofmanObit.shtml|title=John Gofman|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]
|-
|1950-1958|Development| Medical development ||Scientists Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of [[wikipedia:Merck and Co.|Merck and Co]] develop thiazides for treatment of [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]] and [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]].||
|-
|1950–1959||DevelopmentMedical development (drug) ||[[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:pharmacology|pharmacologist]] [[wikipedia:James Black (pharmacologist)|James Black]] develops [[wikipedia:propranolol|propranolol]], a [[wikipedia:beta blocker|beta blocker]] used for the treatment of heart disease. Black is awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1988 for this work.<ref name=onlinejacc/>||[[wikipedia:Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]
|-
|1950–1959||DiscoveryScientific development ||American scientist [[wikipedia:Ancel Keys|Ancel Keys]] discovers that heart disease is rare in some Mediterranean populations where fat diet has slow consumption.<ref name=healthline>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/history#3|title=The History of Heart Disease
|author=Colleen Story,Kristeen Cherney|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Southern Europe|Southern Europe]]
|-
|1952||DevelopmentMEdical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Swedes|Swedish]] cardiologist [[wikipedia:Inge Edler|Inge Edler]] and German physicist [[wikipedia:Carl Hellmuth Hertz|Carl Hellmuth Hertz]] adapt for human use a sonar device for detecting submarines in [[wikipedia:World War II|World War II]] and record echoes from the walls of a human heart, thereby launching the field of [[wikipedia:echocardiography|echocardiography]].<ref name=onlinejacc/>|||-| 1952 || Medical development (device) || American cardiologist [[wikipedia:Paul Zoll|Paul Zoll]] develops the first external [[wikipedia:cardiac pacemaker|cardiac pacemaker]].<ref name=onlinejacc/><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Harvard University|Harvard University]], [[wikipedia:Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]|-| 1952 || Medical development || American surgeon {{w|Charles A. Hufnagel}} sews an artificial valve into a patient's aorta.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> |||-| 1953 || Medical development || American surgeon [[wikipedia:John Heysham Gibbon|John Gibbon]] performs the first open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypass.<ref name=onlinejacc/> || [[wikipedia:Thomas Jefferson Hospital|Thomas Jefferson Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Philadelphia|Philadelphia]] |-| 1953 || || Dr Michael DeBakey implants a seamless, knit Dacron tube for surgical repairs and/or replacement of occluded vessels of vascular aneurysms.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1958 || Medical development (drug) || [[wikipedia:Thiazide|Thiazide]] [[wikipedia:diuretics|diuretics]] are introduced for treating [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]].<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>|||-| 1959 || Program || The [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] establishes [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular Disease|Cardiovascular Disease]] program.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseases/> |||-| 1960 || Scientific development || [[wikipedia:Framingham Study|Framingham Study]]: [[wikipedia:Tobacco smoking|Cigarette smoking]] is found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/research-milestones.php|title=Research Milestones|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19521960 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||American cardiologist [[wikipedia:Paul Zoll|Paul Zoll]] develops the The first external successful coronary artery bypass operation (anastomosis) is performed by German surgeon [[wikipedia:cardiac pacemakerRobert H. Goetz|cardiac pacemakerRobert H. Goetz]].<ref name=onlinejaccgreatest-discoveries>{{cite journal |author=Jordan D. Haller, Andrew S. Olearchyk |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= National Center for Biotechnology Information |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 342–4|doi= |pmc=140304 |pmid= 12484626 |year=2002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Harvard University|Harvard University]], [[wikipedia:CambridgeAlbert Einstein College of Medicine|CambridgeAlbert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[wikipedia:MassachusettsNew York City|MassachusettsNew York City]]
|-
|19531961 ||AchievementScientific development ||American surgeon [[wikipedia:John Heysham GibbonCholesterol|John GibbonCholesterol]] performs level, [[wikipedia:blood pressure|blood pressure]], and [[wikipedia:Electrocardiography|electrocardiogram]] abnormalities are found to increase the first open-risk of heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypassdisease.<ref name=onlinejaccframinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:Thomas Jefferson HospitalU.S.A|Thomas Jefferson Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Philadelphia|PhiladelphiaU.S.A]]
|-
|19581961 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:ThiazideBritish Heart Foundation|ThiazideBritish Heart Foundation]] [[wikipedia(BHF) is established as a charity organization in order to fund research on cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=https:diuretics//www.bhf.org.uk/|title=British Heart Foundation|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref> ||diuretics]] are introduced for treating [[wikipedia:hypertensionLondon|hypertensionLondon]].<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||
|-
|19591963 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:World Health OrganizationInstituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo|Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo]] is founded as a center specializing in [[wikipedia:cardiology|cardiology]], [[wikipedia:cardiovascular medicine|World Health Organizationcardiovascular medicine]] establishes and [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular Diseasecardiovascular surgery|Cardiovascular Diseasecardiovascular surgery]] program.<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.incor.usp.br/sites/incor2013/|title=incor|author=|date=|accessdate=cardiovascular_diseases31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Sao Paulo|Sao Paulo]]
|-
|19601964 ||DiscoveryMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Framingham StudyRussians|Framingham StudyRussian]]: cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Tobacco smokingVasiliy Kolesov|Cigarette smokingVasiliy Kolesov]] is found to increase performs the risk of heart diseasefirst successful coronary bypass using a standard suture technique.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/researchgreatest-milestones.php|title=Research Milestones|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}<discoveries/ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19601964 ||AchievementMedical development ||The first successful coronary artery bypass operation (anastomosis) is performed by German surgeon American [[wikipedia:interventional radiologist|interventional radiologist]] [[wikipedia:Charles Dotter|Charles Dotter]] describes [[wikipedia:Robert H. Goetzangioplasty|Robert H. Goetzangioplasty]]for the first time.<ref name=greatest-discoveries>{{cite journal |authorvauthors =Jordan D. HallerDotter CT, Andrew S. Olearchyk |date= Judkins MP |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction |journal= Tex Heart Inst JCirculation |publishervolume= National Center for Biotechnology Information 30 |volumepages= 29654–70 |issuedate= November 1964 |pagespmid= 342–414226164 |doiurl=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view= |pmclong&pmid=140304 14226164 |pmiddoi= 12484626 10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 |yearissue=20025 }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]
|-
|19611967 ||DiscoveryMedical development ||[[wikipedia:CholesterolSouth African people|CholesterolSouth African]] level, cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:blood pressureChristiaan Barnard|blood pressureChristiaan Barnard]], and [[wikipedia:Electrocardiography|electrocardiogram]] abnormalities are found performs the first successful human-to increase the risk of -human heart diseasetransplant.<ref name=framinghamheartstudyhistory-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.AGroote Schuur Hospital|Groote Schuur Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Cape Town|U.S.ACape Town]]
|-
|19611967 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The [[wikipedia:British Heart FoundationArgentine|Argentine]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:René Favaloro|René Favaloro]] performs the first documented [[wikipedia:Coronary artery bypass surgery|British Heart Foundationsaphenous aortocoronary bypass]] (BHF) is established as a charity organization in order to fund research on cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite webjournal |urlauthor=https://wwwDenton A.bhf.org.uk/Cooley |date= |title=British In Memoriam: Tribute to René Favaloro, Pioneer of Coronary Bypass |journal= Tex Heart FoundationInst J|publisher= |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 231–2|authordoi= |pmc=101069 |datepmid=11225585 |accessdateyear=31 July 20162000}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonCleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic]], [[wikipedia:Ohio|LondonOhio]]
|-
|19631967 ||OrganizationDcientific development ||[[wikipedia:Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São PauloSedentary lifestyle|Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo]] is founded as a center specializing in [[wikipedia:cardiology|cardiology]], [[wikipedia:cardiovascular medicine|cardiovascular medicinePhysical inactivity]] and [[wikipedia:cardiovascular surgeryobesity|cardiovascular surgeryobesity]]are found to increase the risk of heart disease.<refname=cardiovascular_diseases>{{cite web|url=http://www.incorwho.usp.brint/sitescardiovascular_diseases/incor2013en/cvd_atlas_27_MILS_1856_1967.pdf|title=incorwho cardiovascular diseases|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Sao PauloU.S.A.|Sao PauloU.S.A.]]
|-
|19641968 ||AchievementMedical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Russians|Russian]] cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Vasiliy Kolesov|Vasiliy Kolesov]] performs A. Kantrowitz et al. perform the first successful coronary bypass using clinical trial in a standard suture techniqueman with intra-aortic balloon pumping.<ref name=greatest-discoveries"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||
|-
|19641969 ||DevelopmentOrganization ||American The [[wikipedia:interventional radiologistWorld Heart Federation|interventional radiologistInternational Cardiology Foundation]] [[wikipedia:Charles Dotter|Charles Dotter]] describes [[wikipedia:angioplasty|angioplasty]] for the first time(ICF) is established.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Dotter CT, Judkins MP |title=Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction |journal=Circulation |volume=30 |pages=654–70 |date=November 1964 |pmid=14226164 web|url=http://circwww.ahajournalsepi.orgumn.edu/cvdepi/essay/cgithe-international-society-of-cardiology-isc-and-cvd-epidemiology/pmidlookup?view|title=long&pmidThe International Society of Cardiology (ISC) and CVD Epidemiology|author=14226164 |doidate=10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 |issueaccessdate=5 29 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Geneva|Geneva]]
|-
|19671969 ||AchievementMedical development (device) ||Argentine [[wikipedia:South African peoplecardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Domingo Liotta|Domingo Liotta]] and [[wikipedia:Americans|South AfricanAmerican]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon ]] [[wikipedia:Christiaan BarnardDenton Cooley|Christiaan BarnardDenton Cooley]] performs perform the first successful human-to-human clinical implantation of a total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart transplant]] (TAH).<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdliotta.org/biography.htm|title=Professor Domingo Santo Liotta|author=|date=|accessdate=history-and-epidemiology28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Groote Schuur HospitalThe Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]|- | 1970 || Organization || The Sixth [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|Groote Schuur HospitalWorld Congress of Cardiology]]is held. During this congress, the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Cardiology Federation]] (ICF) is created.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:Cape TownLondon|Cape TownLondon]]
|-
|19671970 ||AchievementScientific development ||[[wikipedia:ArgentineAtrial fibrillation|Argentine]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:René Favaloro|René Favaloro]] performs the first documented [[wikipedia:Coronary artery bypass surgery|saphenous aortocoronary bypassAtrial fibrillation]]is found to increase stroke risk 5-fold.<ref>{{cite journal |authorname=Denton A. Cooley |date= |title=In Memoriam: Tribute to René Favaloro, Pioneer of Coronary Bypass |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 231–2|doi= |pmc=101069 |pmid= 11225585 |year=2000}}<framinghamheartstudy/ref>||[[wikipedia:Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic]], [[wikipedia:Ohio|Ohio]]U.S.A
|-
|19671971 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Sedentary lifestyle|Physical inactivity]] and [[wikipedia:obesity|obesity]] White– Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) are found implemented on newborn babies using veno-venous bypass for up to increase the risk of heart disease9 days.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseases>{{cite web|url=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.who.intReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/cardiovascular_diseases/en/cvd_atlas_27_MILS_1856_1967.pdf|title=who cardiovascular diseases|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A.|U.S.A.]]
|-
|19691975 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:World Philippine Heart FederationCenter|International Cardiology FoundationPhilippine Heart Center]] (ICF) is establishedfounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epiphc.umngov.edu/cvdepi/essay/the-international-society-of-cardiology-isc-and-cvd-epidemiologyph/|title=The International Society of Cardiology (ISC) and CVD EpidemiologyPhilippine Heart Center|author=|date=|accessdate=29 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:GenevaQuezón City|Quezón City]], [[wikipedia:Philippines|GenevaPhilippines]]
|-
|19691976 ||AchievementScientific development ||Argentine [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeonMenopause|cardiac surgeonMenopause]] [[wikipedia:Domingo Liotta|Domingo Liotta]] and [[wikipedia:Americans|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Denton Cooley|Denton Cooley]] perform is found to increase the first clinical implantation risk of a total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]] (TAH).disease<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdliotta.org/biography.htm|title=Professor Domingo Santo Liotta|author=|date=|accessdatename=28 July 2016}}<framinghamheartstudy/ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]U.S.A
|-
|19701977 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The Sixth German [[wikipedia:radiology|radiologist]] [[wikipedia:World Congress of CardiologyAndreas Gruentzig|World Congress of CardiologyAndreas Gruentzig]] is held. During this congress, the first develops [[wikipedia:World Congress coronary angioplasty|coronary angioplasty]] for treatment of Cardiology[[wikipedia:coronary artery disease|International Cardiology Federationcoronary artery disease]] (ICF) is created.<ref name>{{cite journal |author= Bernhard Meier, Dölf Bachmann, Thomas F Lüscher |date= February 2003|title=25 years of coronary angioplasty: almost a fairy tale|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2803%2912470-1/fulltext|journal= The Lancet|publisher= |volume= 361|issue= |pages= 527|doi=world10.1016/S0140-heart6736(03)12470-federation1|pmc= |pmid= 12583964}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonZurich|Zurich]], [[wikipedia:Switzerland|LondonSwitzerland]]
|-
|19701978 ||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillation|Atrial fibrillation]] is Psychosocial factors are found to increase stroke risk 5-foldaffect heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19751978 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Philippine Heart CenterWorld Congress of Cardiology|Philippine Heart CenterInternational Society of Cardiology]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phc.gov.ph/|title=Philippine Heart Center|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||and the [[wikipedia:Quezón CityWorld Congress of Cardiology|Quezón CityInternational Cardiology Federation]], merge to become the [[wikipedia:PhilippinesWorld Congress of Cardiology|PhilippinesInternational Society and Federation of Cardiology]].<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||
|-
|19761979 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:MenopauseHeart Rhythm Society|MenopauseHeart Rhythm Society]] (HRS) is found founded as an international non-profit organization in order to increase the risk of heart diseasepromote education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patients.<ref name>{{cite web|url=framinghamheartstudyhttp://www.hrsonline.org/About-HRS/|title=Heart Rhythm Society|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||U[[wikipedia:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.SC.A]]
|-
|19771982 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||German The [[wikipedia:radiologyJarvik 7|radiologistJarvik 7]] total [[wikipedia:Andreas Gruentzigartificial heart|Andreas Gruentzig]] first develops [[wikipedia:coronary angioplasty|coronary angioplastyartificial heart]] , named for treatment of its designer, Dr. [[wikipedia:coronary artery diseaseRobert Jarvik|coronary artery diseaseRobert Jarvik]], is implanted in a patient.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Bernhard Meier, Dölf Bachmann, Thomas F Lüscher |date= February 2003|title=25 years of coronary angioplasty: almost a fairy taleweb|url=http://www.thelancettexasheart.comorg/journalsResearch/lancetDevices/article/PIIS0140-6736%2803%2912470-1/fulltextj7tah.cfm|journaltitle= The LancetJarvik 7|publisherauthor= |volumedate= 361|issueaccessdate= |pages= 527|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12470-1|pmc= |pmid= 1258396431 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:ZurichUniversity of Utah|Zurich]], [[wikipedia:Switzerland|SwitzerlandUniversity of Utah]]
|-
|19781984 ||DiscoveryMedical development ||Psychosocial factors are found to affect American surgeon {{w|Leonard L Bailey}} transplants a baboon heart diseaseinto {{w|Baby Fae}}, at Loma Linda Medical Center. The baby survives for three weeks.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A{{w|U.S.A]]United States}}
|-
|19781984 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society of Cardiology]] Oyer and Portner use the [[wikipedia:World Congress Novacor electronically powered implantable left ventricular assist device as the first successful bridge to transplant.<ref>{{cite book|title=Textbook of CardiologyOrgan Transplantation Set|International Cardiology Federation]] merge to become the [[wikipediaedition=Allan D. Kirk, Stuart J. Knechtle, Christian P. Larsen, Joren C. Madsen, Thomas C. Pearson, Steven A. Webber|url=https:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society and Federation of Cardiology]]//books.google.com.ar/books?id=GzMWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA555&dq=%22in+1984%22+%22novacor%22+%22transplant%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3n6nkm8rZAhVPrVkKHasDCg0Q6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201984%22%20%22novacor%22%20%22transplant%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name=world-heart-federation"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||
|-
|19791986 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) || French physician [[wikipedia:Jacques Puel|Jacques Puel]] and German [[wikipedia:cardiologist|The cardiologist]] [[wikipedia:Heart Rhythm SocietyUlrich Sigwart|Heart Rhythm SocietyUlrich Sigwart]] (HRS) is founded as an international non-profit organization in order are attributed to be the first to promote education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patientsuse the [[wikipedia:coronary stent|coronary stent]].<ref>{{cite webjournal|last1=Roguin|first1=Ariel|title=Historical Perspectives in Cardiology|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventsions|date=2011|volume=4|pages=206–209|doi=10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872|url=http://wwwcircinterventions.hrsonlineahajournals.org/About-HRScontent/4/2/206.full|title=Heart Rhythm Society|author=|date=|accessdateissue=31 July 20162}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:WashingtonToulouse|Toulouse]], D.C.[[wikipedia:France|Washington, D.C.France]]
|-
|19821986 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Jarvik 7|Jarvik 7]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]], named for its designer, Dr. [[wikipedia:Robert Jarvik|Robert Jarvik]], is implanted in a patientfirst atherectomy devices that remove material from the vessel wall are introduced.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.texasheart.org/Review of Research/in Cardiovascular Devices"/j7tah.cfm|title=Jarvik 7|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of Utah|University of Utah]]
|-
|19861987 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||French physician Study done by [[wikipedia:Jacques PuelCooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study|Jacques PuelCooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study]] and German (CONSENSUS), shows unequivocal survival benefit of [[wikipedia:cardiologistangiotensin|cardiologist]] [[wikipedia:Ulrich Sigwart|Ulrich Sigwart]] are attributed to be the first to use the [[wikipedia:coronary stent|coronary stentangiotensin]]converting enzyme inhibitors in severe heart failure.<ref>{{cite journal|last1name=Roguin|first1=Ariel|title=Historical Perspectives in Cardiology|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventsions|date=2011|volume=4|pages=206–209|doi=10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872|url=http://circinterventions.ahajournals.orghistory-and-epidemiology/content/4/2/206.full|issue=2}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[wikipedia:France|France]]
|-
|19871988 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||Study done by [[wikipedia:Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival StudyHemopump|Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival StudyHemopump]] (CONSENSUS), shows unequivocal survival benefit a temporary left ventricular assist blood pump, is put to clinical use. It is designed to allow for temporary support of [[wikipedia:angiotensin|angiotensin]] converting enzyme inhibitors in severe a failing heart failure.<ref name>{{cite web|url=history-and-epidemiologyhttp://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/hemopump.cfm|title=Hemopump|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]
|-
|1988||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial [[wikipedia:HemopumpVentricular assist device|HemopumpVentricular assist device]], a temporary left ventricular assist blood pump, LVAD is put to clinical useconducted by Dr. [[wikipedia:William F. It is designed to allow for temporary support of a failing heartBernhard|William F. Bernhard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://www.texasheartjoomag.orgcom/Researchmagazine/Deviceslvad-living-august-2014/hemopump.cfm0872428001402630896?page=10|title=HemopumpLVAD |author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:HoustonBoston Children's Hospital|HoustonBoston Children's Hospital]]
|-
|19881993||AchievementOrganization ||The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial the [[wikipedia:Ventricular assist deviceAmerican Society of Nuclear Cardiology|Ventricular assist deviceAmerican Society of Nuclear Cardiology]] LVAD (ASNC) is conducted by Dr. [[wikipedia:William F. Bernhard|William F. Bernhard]]founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=httpshttp://www.joomagasnc.com/magazine/lvad-living-august-2014org/0872428001402630896?page=10|title=LVAD ASNC|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]]
|-
|19931994 ||OrganizationScientific development ||the Enlarged left [[wikipedia:American Society of Nuclear CardiologyVentricle (heart)|American Society of Nuclear Cardiologyventricle]] (ASNCone of two lower chambers of the heart) is foundedshown to increase the risk of stroke.<refname=framinghamheartstudy/>{{cite web|url=http|[[wikipedia://wwwU.asncS.org/|title=ASNC|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>|A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19941995 ||DiscoveryPublication ||Enlarged left The [[wikipedia:European Society of Cardiology|European Society of Cardiology]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:Ventricle (heart)failure|ventricleheart failure]] (one of two lower chambers of the heart) is shown to increase the risk of stroke.<ref name=framinghamheartstudyhistory-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19951996 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:European Society of Cardiology|European Society of Cardiology]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:Progression from hypertension to heart failure|heart failure]]is described.<ref name=history-and-epidemiologyframinghamheartstudy/>|| [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19961997 ||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||Progression from hypertension The [[wikipedia:Thoratec|Thoratec]] [[wikipedia:Ventricular Assist Device|Ventricular Assist Device]] (VAD) is put to clinical use to support patients with acute and chronic heart failure is described.<ref name>{{cite web|url=framinghamheartstudyhttp://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/thoratec.cfm|title=Thoratec VAD|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.AThe Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|U.S.AHouston]]
|-
|19971998 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:ThoratecFramingham Study|ThoratecFramingham Study]] : [[wikipedia:Ventricular Assist DeviceAtrial fibrillation|Ventricular Assist DeviceAtrial fibrillation]] (VAD) is put found to clinical use to support patients be associated with acute and chronic heart failurean increased risk of all-cause mortality.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devicesframinghamheartstudy/thoratec.cfm|title=Thoratec VAD|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]U.S.A
|-
|1998||DiscoveryOrganization ||The [[wikipedia:Framingham StudyWorld Congress of Cardiology|Framingham StudyInternational Society and Federation of Cardiology]]: board approves the change of name to [[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillationWorld Heart Federation|Atrial fibrillationWorld Heart Federation]] is found to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality(WHF).<ref name=framinghamheartstudyworld-heart-federation/>||U.S.A
|-
|19981999 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:World Congress Lifetime risk at age 40 years of Cardiology|International Society developing coronary heart disease is found to be one in two for men and Federation of Cardiology]] board approves the change of name to [[wikipedia:World Heart Federation|World Heart Federation]] (WHF)one in three for women.<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|19992000 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||Lifetime risk at age 40 years The World Heart Federation launches '''World Heart Day''' as an annual event on the last Sunday of developing coronary heart disease is found to be one in two for men and one in three for womeneach September.<ref name=framinghamheartstudyworld-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|2000||Organization||The World [[wikipedia:Krishna Heart Federation launches '''World Institute|Krishna Heart Day''' Institute]] is founded as an annual event on the last Sunday of each Septembera high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:heart diseases|heart diseases]].<ref name>{{cite web|url=worldhttp://www.indiaheartbeat.com/hospital/profile/30849/KRISHNA-HEART-SUPER-heartSPECIALTY-federationINSTITUTE.html|title=Krishna Heart Institute|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Ahmedabad|Ahmedabad]], [[wikipedia:India|India]]
|-
|2000||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Krishna Heart InstituteBlood Pressure Association|Krishna Heart InstituteBlood Pressure Association]] is founded as a high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:heart diseasescharitable organization|charitable organization]] to provide information and support to people with [[wikipedia:hypertension|heart diseaseshypertension]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaheartbeat.com/hospital/profile/30849/KRISHNA-HEART-SUPERblood-SPECIALTYpressure-INSTITUTEmonitoring.htmlorg/|title=Krishna Heart InstituteBlood Pressure Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Ahmedabad|Ahmedabad]], [[wikipedia:IndiaLondon|IndiaLondon]]
|-
|20002001 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The High-normal [[wikipedia:Blood Pressure Associationblood pressure|Blood Pressure Associationblood pressure]] is founded as a [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]] found to provide information and support be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to people with [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]]determine whether lowering high-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http:/framinghamheartstudy/www.blood-pressure-monitoring.org/|title=Blood Pressure Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonU.S.A|LondonU.S.A]]
|-
|2001||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||High-normal [[wikipedia:blood pressureAbioCor|AbioCor]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|blood pressureartificial heart]] is found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to determine whether lowering highimplanted in a 59-year-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseaseold man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMed]].<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/abiocor.cfm|title=AbioCor|author=|date=|accessdate=framinghamheartstudy31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.AJewish Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)|Jewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[wikipedia:Kentucky|U.S.AKentucky]]
|-
|20012002 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||[[wikipedia:AbioCor|AbioCor]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]] is implanted in a 59-year-old man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMed]]Alain Cribier performs the first percutaneous aortic valve replacement.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.texasheart.org/Review of Research/in Cardiovascular Devices"/abiocor.cfm|title=AbioCor|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Jewish Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)|Jewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[wikipedia:Kentucky|Kentucky]]
|-
|2004||DiscoveryScientific development ||Serum [[wikipedia:aldosterone|aldosterone]] levels are found to predict future risk of hypertension in non-hypertensive individuals.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Jane C. Evans, D.Sc., Martin G. Larson, Sc.D., Peter W.F. Wilson, M.D., James B. Meigs, M.D., M.P.H., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Emelia J. Benjamin, M.D., Daniel Levy, M.D. |date= |title=Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa033263#t=article|journal= New England Journal of Medicine|publisher= |volume= 351|issue= |pages= 33–41|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033263 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Medical Center|Boston Medical Center]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|20062004 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The [[wikipedia:Multan Institute CardioWest TAH-t becomes the world's first temporary total artificial heart (TAH-t). It is indicated for use as a bridge to transplant in cardiac transplant patients at risk of Cardiology|Multan Institute of Cardiology]] is foundedimminent death from nonreversible biventricular failure.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://cpeic8.gop.pk/|title=Multan Institute Review of Cardiology|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/ref>||[[wikipedia:Multan|Multan]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Pakistan]]
|-
|20072006 ||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Atrial Fibrillation AssociationMultan Institute of Cardiology|Atrial Fibrillation AssociationMultan Institute of Cardiology]] is established as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillation|atrial fibrillation]]founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwwcpeic.heartrhythmalliancegop.org/afa/ukpk/about|title=Atrial Fibrillation AssociationMultan Institute of Cardiology|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Shipston-on-StourMultan|Shipston-on-StourMultan]], [[wikipedia:United KingdomPakistan|United KingdomPakistan]]
|-
|20082007 ||ReportOrganization ||The total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease reads 17.3 million worldwide a year according to the [[wikipedia:World Health OrganizationAtrial Fibrillation Association|Atrial Fibrillation Association]] is established as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillation|WHOatrial fibrillation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federationheartrhythmalliance.org/cardiovascular-healthafa/global-facts-mapuk/about|title=Deaths due to cardiovascular diseaseAtrial Fibrillation Association|author=|date=|accessdate=1 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Shipston-on-Stour|Shipston-on-Stour]], [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
|-
|2008||OrganizationEpidemiology ||The Sixteenth total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease reads 17.3 million worldwide a year according to the [[wikipedia:World Congress of CardiologyHealth Organization|World Congress of CardiologyWHO]] is held. From then on, the WCC moves from a 4-year to a 2-year cycle.<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/global-facts-map/|title=Deaths due to cardiovascular disease|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]
|-
|20102008 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||The Sixteenth [[wikipedia:Sleep apneaWorld Congress of Cardiology|Sleep apneaWorld Congress of Cardiology]] is found held. From then on, the WCC moves from a 4-year to be tied to increased risk of strokea 2-year cycle.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/pressworld-releases/2010/sleep-apneaheart-tied-to-increased-risk-of-stroke|title=Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of stroke|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}<federation/ref>||[[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:U.S.ABuenos Aires|U.S.ABuenos Aires]]
|-
|20112010 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:RussiaSleep apnea|RussiaSleep apnea]] as the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment is found to be tied to increased risk of [[wikipedia:peripheral artery disease|peripheral artery disease]], including the advanced stage of [[wikipedia:critical limb ischemia|critical limb ischemia]]stroke.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite news|title=Gene Therapy for PAD Approvedweb|url=http://www.dddmagnhlbi.comnih.gov/news/2011press-releases/122010/genesleep-therapyapnea-padtied-approved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.to-increased-risk-of-stroke|title=pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemiastroke|journalauthor=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=http://cpt.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 1 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:RussiaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|RussiaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]
|-
|2011||CampaignMedical development (drug) ||The pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:United NationsRussia|UNRussia]] declaration on as the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment of [[wikipedia:Non-communicable peripheral artery disease|Non-communicable peripheral artery disease]]s change , including the global approach to NCD’s advanced stage of which cardiovascular disease is the greatest contributor[[wikipedia:critical limb ischemia|critical limb ischemia]].<ref name>{{cite news|title=worldGene Therapy for PAD Approved|url=http://www.dddmag.com/news/2011/12/gene-therapy-pad-heartapproved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.|title=pCMV-federationvegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia|journal=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=http://cpt.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]
|-
|20122011 ||ReportUpdate ||The [[wikipedia:Ischemic heart diseaseUnited Nations|Ischemic heart diseaseUN]] and declaration on [[wikipedia:strokeNon-communicable disease|strokeNon-communicable disease]] are found s change the global approach to be the leading causes NCD’s of death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart which cardiovascular disease and 6.7 million deaths for strokeis the greatest contributor.<ref name=factsheets>{{cite web|url=http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/enworld-heart-federation/|title=The top 10 causes of death|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||
|-
| 2012 || Epidemiology || [[wikipedia:Ischemic heart disease|Ischemic heart disease]] and [[wikipedia:stroke|stroke]] are found to be the leading causes of death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 6.7 million deaths for stroke.<ref name=factsheets>{{cite web|url=http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/|title=The top 10 causes of death|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>|||-|2013||CampaignProgram ||World Heart Federation board adopts the [[wikipedia:United Nations|United Nations]] and [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] targets for cardiovascular disease, launching the '''25 x 25 campaign''' to reduce premature death from CVD by 25% by 2025.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||
|-
|}
==See also==
 
* [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular disease|Cardiovascular disease]]
==ReferencesMeta information on the timeline== ===How the timeline was built=== The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian]]. {{Reflist|30emfunding info}}is available. ===Feedback and comments=== Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places: * FIXME ===What the timeline is still missing=== ===Timeline update strategy=== ==See also==
{{Circulatory system pathology}}{{Vascular diseases}}{{Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period}}==External links==
{{Authority control}}==References==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardiovascular DiseaseReflist|30em}}[[wikipedia:Category:Heart diseases| ]][[wikipedia:Category:Health-related timelines|Category:Health-related timelines]][[wikipedia:Category:History of cardiovascular surgery|Category:History of cardiovascular surgery]][[wikipedia:Category:Medicine timelines|Category:Medicine timelines]]
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