Changes

|1628||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:English people|English]] physician [[wikipedia:William Harvey|William Harvey]] describes in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the brain and body by the heart.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1658||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Swiss people|Swiss]] physician [[wikipedia:Jakob Wepfer|Jakob Wepfer]] describes for the first time [[wikipedia:Thrombosis|carotid thrombosis]], extracranially and intracranially, in a patient with a completely occluded and calcified right internal [[wikipedia:carotid artery|carotid artery]].<ref name=ahajournals>{{cite web|url=http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/27/8/1427.full|title=The Evolution of Surgery for the Treatment and Prevention of Stroke |author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||

|1681–1742||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:German people|German]] physician [[wikipedia:Friedrich Hoffmann|Friedrich Hoffmann]] notes that coronary heart disease starts in the “reduced passage of the blood within the coronary arteries."<ref name=healthline/>||[[wikipedia:Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg|Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg]]

|1733|Development| Medical development ||English clergyman and scientist [[wikipedia:Stephen Hales|Stephen Hales]] measures blood pressure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lewis|first=O.|date=1994-12-01|title=Stephen Hales and the measurement of blood pressure|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7884783|journal=Journal of Human Hypertension|volume=8|issue=12|pages=865–871|issn=0950-9240|pmid=7884783}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Teddington|Teddington]], [[wikipedia:England|England]]

|1768||DevelopmentScientific development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Heberden|William Heberden]] describes [[wikipedia:angina|angina pectoris]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rwjms1.umdnj.edu/shindler/heberden.html|title=Description of Angina Pectoris by William Heberden |author=|date=|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Royal College of Physicians|Royal College of Physicians]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]

|1785||DevelopmentMedical development ||English physician [[wikipedia:William Withering|William Withering]] publishes an account of medical use of [[wikipedia:digitalis|digitalis]], which are used for the treatment of heart conditions.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1803||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:British people|British]] surgeon [[wikipedia:David Fleming (surgeon)|David Fleming]] performs the first successful ligation of a carotid artery.<ref name=ahajournals/>||

| 1812 || DevelopmentScientific development || French physician {{w|César Julien Jean Legallois}} proposes the idea of artificial circulation.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices">{{cite book|last1=Nawrat|first1=Zbigniew|title=Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QWt2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9&dq=%22in+1955%22+The+first+artificial+cardiac+pacemaker&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid_8eBicrZAhUruVkKHeYKDOQQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20The%20first%20artificial%20cardiac%20pacemaker&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1882 || Development Medical development (device) || German Von Schröder introduces the first bubble oxygenator.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||

|1895||DiscoveryScientific development ||German physicist [[wikipedia:Wilhelm Röntgen|Wilhelm Röntgen]] discovers [[wikipedia:X-ray|X-ray]]s, which are used to diagnose heart disease.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1901||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Dutch people|Dutch]] physiologist [[wikipedia:Willem Einthoven|Willem Einthoven]] invents the [[wikipedia:string galvanometer|string galvanometer]], which becomes the first practical electrocardiograph.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:Leiden|Leiden]], [[wikipedia:Netherlands|Netherlands]]

|1920||DevelopmentMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Mercurial diuretic|Organomercurial diuretics]] are first used for treatment of heart failure.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1924||Organization||The [[wikipedia:American Heart Association|Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/General/History-of-the-American-Heart-Association_UCM_308120_Article.jsp#.V56Qh_mGMhk|title=History of the American Heart Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]

| 1929 || Development Medical development || German surgeon {{w|Werner Forssmann}} develops the technique of cardiac catheterization. For this achievement, Forssmann will receive the Nobel Prize in 1956.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/forssmann-bio.html|title=Werner Forssmann|author=|date=|accessdate=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || [[wikipedia:Eberswalde|Eberswalde]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]]

| 1932 || Development Medical development (device) || [[wikipedia:American people|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Michael E. DeBakey|Michael E. DeBakey]] develops the [[wikipedia:roller pump|roller pump]], which later becomes an essential component of the [[wikipedia:heart-lung machine|heart-lung machine]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/michael-debakey-9269009#synopsis|title=Michael DeBakey|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Tulane University|Tulane University]], [[wikipedia:New Orleans|New Orleans]]

| 1937 || Development Medical development (device) || An artificial heart designed by Soviet scientist W. P. Demichow is first successfully applied on a dog for 5.5 hours.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || {{w|Soviet Union}}

| 1938 || Achievement Medical development || American surgeon [[wikipedia:Robert Edward Gross|Robert Gross]] applies systematically the first modern [[wikipedia:Cardiac surgery|cardiovascular surgery]] when successfully closes a patent [[wikipedia:ductus arteriosus|ductus arteriosus]].<ref name=onlinejacc/> || [[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Boston|Boston]]

|1941||DevelopmentMedical development ||[[wikipedia:French people|French]] physician [[wikipedia:André Cournand|André Cournand]] and American physician [[wikipedia:Dickinson Richards|Dickinson Richards]], use the [[wikipedia:Cardiac catheterization|cardiac catheter]] as a diagnostic tool for the first time, applying catheterization techniques to measure right-heart pressures and cardiac output. Both are awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] in 1956.<ref name=onlinejacc>{{cite journal |author=Eugene Braunwald |date= |title=Cardiology: the past, the present, and the future|url=http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1132857|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|publisher= |volume= 42|issue= |pages= 2031–2041|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.08.025 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref><ref name=20th-Century>{{cite journal |author=Nirav J. Mehta, Ijaz A. Khan |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries of the 20th Century |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher=NCBI |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 164–71|doi= |pmc=124754 |pmid= 12224718 |year=2002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Bellevue Hospital|Bellevue Hospital]], [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]

|1948||StudyScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:Framingham Heart Study|Framingham Heart Study]] is initiated under the direction of the [[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart Institute]] to better understand [[wikipedia:atherosclerosis|atherosclerosis]] and cardiovascular disease. 1,980 male and 2,421 female volunteers are recruited. The study identifies several factors that put a person at risk for atherosclerosis: among them, high levels of [[wikipedia:cholesterol|cholesterol]]. Over 1000 medical papers will have been published related to the Framingham Heart Study.<ref name=heartt>{{cite web|url=http://dev.nsta.org/evwebs/2645a/history.html|title=A History of Heart Disease Treatment|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/history.php|title=Framingham Heart Study|author=|date=|accessdate=27 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Framingham|Framingham]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

| 1949 || Medical development (device) || {{w|IBM}} develops the Gibbon Model I heart-lung machine. It consists of DeBakey pumps and film oxygenator.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || {{w|United States}}

|1949–1958||DevelopmentScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:epidemiologist|epidemiologist]] [[wikipedia:Jerry Morris|Jerry Morris]] performs studies on cardiovascular health, later establishing the importance of [[wikipedia:physical activity|physical activity]] in preventing [[wikipedia:cardiovascular disease|cardiovascular disease]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ashton JR|journal=J Epidemiol Comm Health|title=Professor J N "Jerry" Morris|year=2000|volume=54|pages=881a| doi=10.1136/jech.54.12.881a }}</ref>||

|1950||Organization||The First [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] (WCC) is held.<ref name=world-heart-federation>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-heart-federation.org/about-us/history/|title= World Heart Federation|author=|date=|accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Paris|Paris]]

|1950||DiscoveryScientific development ||Team led by American scientist [[wikipedia:John Gofman|John Gofman]] demonstrates the role of [[wikipedia:lipoproteins|lipoproteins]] in the causation of heart disease.<ref name=heartt/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/09/04_GofmanObit.shtml|title=John Gofman|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]]

| 1950-1958 || Development Medical development || Scientists Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of [[wikipedia:Merck and Co.|Merck and Co]] develop thiazides for treatment of [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]] and [[wikipedia:heart failure|heart failure]]. ||

|1950–1959||DevelopmentMedical development (drug) ||[[wikipedia:Scottish people|Scottish]] [[wikipedia:pharmacology|pharmacologist]] [[wikipedia:James Black (pharmacologist)|James Black]] develops [[wikipedia:propranolol|propranolol]], a [[wikipedia:beta blocker|beta blocker]] used for the treatment of heart disease. Black is awarded the [[wikipedia:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1988 for this work.<ref name=onlinejacc/>||[[wikipedia:Imperial Chemical Industries|Imperial Chemical Industries]], [[wikipedia:London|London]]

|1950–1959||DiscoveryScientific development ||American scientist [[wikipedia:Ancel Keys|Ancel Keys]] discovers that heart disease is rare in some Mediterranean populations where fat diet has slow consumption.<ref name=healthline>{{cite web|url=http://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/history#3|title=The History of Heart Disease

|1952||DevelopmentMEdical development (device) ||[[wikipedia:Swedes|Swedish]] cardiologist [[wikipedia:Inge Edler|Inge Edler]] and German physicist [[wikipedia:Carl Hellmuth Hertz|Carl Hellmuth Hertz]] adapt for human use a sonar device for detecting submarines in [[wikipedia:World War II|World War II]] and record echoes from the walls of a human heart, thereby launching the field of [[wikipedia:echocardiography|echocardiography]].<ref name=onlinejacc/>||

| 1952 || Development Medical development (device) || American cardiologist [[wikipedia:Paul Zoll|Paul Zoll]] develops the first external [[wikipedia:cardiac pacemaker|cardiac pacemaker]].<ref name=onlinejacc/><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||[[wikipedia:Harvard University|Harvard University]], [[wikipedia:Cambridge|Cambridge]], [[wikipedia:Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

| 1952 || Medical development || American surgeon {{w|Charles A. Hufnagel}} sews an artificial valve into a patient's aorta.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||

| 1953 || Achievement Medical development || American surgeon [[wikipedia:John Heysham Gibbon|John Gibbon]] performs the first open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypass.<ref name=onlinejacc/> || [[wikipedia:Thomas Jefferson Hospital|Thomas Jefferson Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Philadelphia|Philadelphia]]

|1958||DevelopmentMedical development (drug) ||[[wikipedia:Thiazide|Thiazide]] [[wikipedia:diuretics|diuretics]] are introduced for treating [[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]].<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||

|1959||OrganizationProgram ||The [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] establishes [[wikipedia:Cardiovascular Disease|Cardiovascular Disease]] program.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseases/>||

|1960||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Framingham Study|Framingham Study]]: [[wikipedia:Tobacco smoking|Cigarette smoking]] is found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy>{{cite web|url=https://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/about-fhs/research-milestones.php|title=Research Milestones|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|1960||AchievementMedical development ||The first successful coronary artery bypass operation (anastomosis) is performed by German surgeon [[wikipedia:Robert H. Goetz|Robert H. Goetz]].<ref name=greatest-discoveries>{{cite journal |author=Jordan D. Haller, Andrew S. Olearchyk |date= |title=Cardiology's 10 Greatest Discoveries |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= National Center for Biotechnology Information |volume= 29|issue= |pages= 342–4|doi= |pmc=140304 |pmid= 12484626 |year=2002}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]]

|1961||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Cholesterol|Cholesterol]] level, [[wikipedia:blood pressure|blood pressure]], and [[wikipedia:Electrocardiography|electrocardiogram]] abnormalities are found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|1961||Organization||The [[wikipedia:British Heart Foundation|British Heart Foundation]] (BHF) is established as a charity organization in order to fund research on cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhf.org.uk/|title=British Heart Foundation|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:London|London]]

|1963||Organization||[[wikipedia:Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo|Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo]] is founded as a center specializing in [[wikipedia:cardiology|cardiology]], [[wikipedia:cardiovascular medicine|cardiovascular medicine]] and [[wikipedia:cardiovascular surgery|cardiovascular surgery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.incor.usp.br/sites/incor2013/|title=incor|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Sao Paulo|Sao Paulo]]

|1964||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Russians|Russian]] cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Vasiliy Kolesov|Vasiliy Kolesov]] performs the first successful coronary bypass using a standard suture technique.<ref name=greatest-discoveries/>||

|1964||DevelopmentMedical development ||American [[wikipedia:interventional radiologist|interventional radiologist]] [[wikipedia:Charles Dotter|Charles Dotter]] describes [[wikipedia:angioplasty|angioplasty]] for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors =Dotter CT, Judkins MP |title=Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction |journal=Circulation |volume=30 |pages=654–70 |date=November 1964 |pmid=14226164 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14226164 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.30.5.654 |issue=5 }}</ref>||

|1967||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:South African people|South African]] cardiac surgeon [[wikipedia:Christiaan Barnard|Christiaan Barnard]] performs the first successful human-to-human heart transplant.<ref name=history-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:Groote Schuur Hospital|Groote Schuur Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Cape Town|Cape Town]]

|1967||AchievementMedical development ||[[wikipedia:Argentine|Argentine]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:René Favaloro|René Favaloro]] performs the first documented [[wikipedia:Coronary artery bypass surgery|saphenous aortocoronary bypass]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Denton A. Cooley |date= |title=In Memoriam: Tribute to René Favaloro, Pioneer of Coronary Bypass |journal= Tex Heart Inst J|publisher= |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 231–2|doi= |pmc=101069 |pmid= 11225585 |year=2000}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic]], [[wikipedia:Ohio|Ohio]]

|1967||DiscoveryDcientific development ||[[wikipedia:Sedentary lifestyle|Physical inactivity]] and [[wikipedia:obesity|obesity]] are found to increase the risk of heart disease.<ref name=cardiovascular_diseases>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/cvd_atlas_27_MILS_1856_1967.pdf|title=who cardiovascular diseases|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A.|U.S.A.]]

| 1968 || Medical development (device) || A. Kantrowitz et al. perform the first clinical trial in a man with intra-aortic balloon pumping.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||

| 1969|| AchievementMedical development (device) ||Argentine [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Domingo Liotta|Domingo Liotta]] and [[wikipedia:Americans|American]] [[wikipedia:cardiac surgeon|cardiac surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Denton Cooley|Denton Cooley]] perform the first clinical implantation of a total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]] (TAH).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdliotta.org/biography.htm|title=Professor Domingo Santo Liotta|author=|date=|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]

|1970||Organization||The Sixth [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|World Congress of Cardiology]] is held. During this congress, the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Cardiology Federation]] (ICF) is created.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:London|London]]

|1970||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillation|Atrial fibrillation]] is found to increase stroke risk 5-fold.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||U.S.A

| 1971 || Medical development (device) || White– Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) are implemented on newborn babies using veno-venous bypass for up to 9 days.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||

|1975||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Philippine Heart Center|Philippine Heart Center]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phc.gov.ph/|title=Philippine Heart Center|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Quezón City|Quezón City]], [[wikipedia:Philippines|Philippines]]

|1976||DiscoveryScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Menopause|Menopause]] is found to increase the risk of heart disease<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||U.S.A

|1977||DevelopmentMedical development ||German [[wikipedia:radiology|radiologist]] [[wikipedia:Andreas Gruentzig|Andreas Gruentzig]] first develops [[wikipedia:coronary angioplasty|coronary angioplasty]] for treatment of [[wikipedia:coronary artery disease|coronary artery disease]].<ref>{{cite journal |author= Bernhard Meier, Dölf Bachmann, Thomas F Lüscher |date= February 2003|title=25 years of coronary angioplasty: almost a fairy tale|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2803%2912470-1/fulltext|journal= The Lancet|publisher= |volume= 361|issue= |pages= 527|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12470-1|pmc= |pmid= 12583964}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Zurich|Zurich]], [[wikipedia:Switzerland|Switzerland]]

|1978||DiscoveryScientific development ||Psychosocial factors are found to affect heart disease.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|1978||Organization||The [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society of Cardiology]] and the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Cardiology Federation]] merge to become the [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society and Federation of Cardiology]].<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||

|1979||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Heart Rhythm Society|Heart Rhythm Society]] (HRS) is founded as an international non-profit organization in order to promote education and advocacy for cardiac arrhythmia professionals and patients.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrsonline.org/About-HRS/|title=Heart Rhythm Society|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]]

|1982||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Jarvik 7|Jarvik 7]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|artificial heart]], named for its designer, Dr. [[wikipedia:Robert Jarvik|Robert Jarvik]], is implanted in a patient.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/j7tah.cfm|title=Jarvik 7|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:University of Utah|University of Utah]]

| 1984 || Medical development || American surgeon {{w|Leonard L Bailey}} transplants a baboon heart into {{w|Baby Fae}}, at Loma Linda Medical Center. The baby survives for three weeks.<ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1984 || Medical development (device) || Oyer and Portner use the Novacor electronically powered implantable left ventricular assist device as the first successful bridge to transplant.<ref>{{cite book|title=Textbook of Organ Transplantation Set|edition=Allan D. Kirk, Stuart J. Knechtle, Christian P. Larsen, Joren C. Madsen, Thomas C. Pearson, Steven A. Webber|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GzMWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA555&dq=%22in+1984%22+%22novacor%22+%22transplant%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj3n6nkm8rZAhVPrVkKHasDCg0Q6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201984%22%20%22novacor%22%20%22transplant%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/> ||

|1986||DevelopmentMedical development (device) ||French physician [[wikipedia:Jacques Puel|Jacques Puel]] and German [[wikipedia:cardiologist|cardiologist]] [[wikipedia:Ulrich Sigwart|Ulrich Sigwart]] are attributed to be the first to use the [[wikipedia:coronary stent|coronary stent]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Roguin|first1=Ariel|title=Historical Perspectives in Cardiology|journal=Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventsions|date=2011|volume=4|pages=206–209|doi=10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.110.960872|url=http://circinterventions.ahajournals.org/content/4/2/206.full|issue=2}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Toulouse|Toulouse]], [[wikipedia:France|France]]

|19871986 ||Discovery||Study done by [[wikipedia:Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study|Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study]] Medical development (CONSENSUSdevice), shows unequivocal survival benefit of [[wikipedia:angiotensin|angiotensin]] converting enzyme inhibitors in severe heart failure| The first atherectomy devices that remove material from the vessel wall are introduced.<ref name=history-"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and-epidemiologyMedical Devices: 8. Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/>||

|19881987 ||DevelopmentMedical development ||Study done by [[wikipedia:HemopumpCooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study|HemopumpCooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study]](CONSENSUS), a temporary left ventricular assist blood pump, is put to clinical use. It is designed to allow for temporary support shows unequivocal survival benefit of a failing [[wikipedia:angiotensin|angiotensin]] converting enzyme inhibitors in severe heartfailure.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http:history-and-epidemiology//www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/hemopump.cfm|title=Hemopump|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]

|1988||AchievementMedical development (device) ||The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial [[wikipedia:Ventricular assist deviceHemopump|Ventricular assist deviceHemopump]] LVAD , a temporary left ventricular assist blood pump, is conducted by Drput to clinical use. [[wikipedia:William F. Bernhard|William F. Bernhard]]It is designed to allow for temporary support of a failing heart.<ref>{{cite web|url=httpshttp://www.joomagtexasheart.comorg/magazineResearch/lvad-living-august-2014Devices/0872428001402630896?page=10hemopump.cfm|title=LVAD Hemopump|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's HospitalThe Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Boston Children's HospitalHouston]]

|19931988 ||OrganizationMedical development (device) ||the The first successful long-term implantation of an artificial [[wikipedia:American Society of Nuclear CardiologyVentricular assist device|American Society of Nuclear CardiologyVentricular assist device]] (ASNC) LVAD is foundedconducted by Dr. [[wikipedia:William F. Bernhard|William F. Bernhard]].<ref>{{cite web|url=httphttps://www.asncjoomag.orgcom/magazine/lvad-living-august-2014/0872428001402630896?page=10|title=ASNCLVAD |author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Children's Hospital|Boston Children's Hospital]]

|19941993||DiscoveryOrganization ||Enlarged left the [[wikipedia:Ventricle (heart)American Society of Nuclear Cardiology|ventricleAmerican Society of Nuclear Cardiology]] (one of two lower chambers of the heartASNC) is shown to increase the risk of strokefounded.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>{{cite web||[[wikipediaurl=http:U//www.Sasnc.Aorg/|title=ASNC|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||U.S.A]]

|19951994 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The Enlarged left [[wikipedia:European Society of CardiologyVentricle (heart)|European Society of Cardiologyventricle]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:(one of two lower chambers of the heart failure|heart failure]]) is shown to increase the risk of stroke.<ref name=history-and-epidemiologyframinghamheartstudy/>|| [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|19961995 ||DevelopmentPublication ||Progression from hypertension to The [[wikipedia:European Society of Cardiology|European Society of Cardiology]] publishes guidelines for diagnosing [[wikipedia:heart failure is described|heart failure]].<ref name=framinghamheartstudyhistory-and-epidemiology/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|19971996 ||DevelopmentScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:Thoratec|Thoratec]] [[wikipedia:Ventricular Assist Device|Ventricular Assist Device]] (VAD) is put to clinical use Progression from hypertension to support patients with acute and chronic heart failureis described.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http:framinghamheartstudy//www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/thoratec.cfm|title=Thoratec VAD|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart InstituteU.S.A|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|HoustonU.S.A]]

|19981997 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||The [[wikipedia:Framingham StudyThoratec|Framingham StudyThoratec]]: [[wikipedia:Atrial fibrillationVentricular Assist Device|Atrial fibrillationVentricular Assist Device]] (VAD) is found put to be associated clinical use to support patients with an increased risk of all-cause mortalityacute and chronic heart failure.<ref name>{{cite web|url=framinghamheartstudyhttp://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/thoratec.cfm|title=Thoratec VAD|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||U.S.A[[wikipedia:The Texas Heart Institute|The Texas Heart Institute]], [[wikipedia:Houston|Houston]]

|1998||OrganizationScientific development ||The [[wikipedia:World Congress of CardiologyFramingham Study|International Society and Federation of CardiologyFramingham Study]] board approves the change of name to : [[wikipedia:World Heart FederationAtrial fibrillation|World Heart FederationAtrial fibrillation]] (WHF)is found to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/>||U.S.A

|19991998 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||Lifetime risk at age 40 years The [[wikipedia:World Congress of Cardiology|International Society and Federation of Cardiology]] board approves the change of developing coronary heart disease is found name to be one in two for men and one in three for women[[wikipedia:World Heart Federation|World Heart Federation]] (WHF).<ref name=framinghamheartstudyworld-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|20001999 ||OrganizationScientific development ||The World Heart Federation launches '''World Heart Day''' as an annual event on the last Sunday Lifetime risk at age 40 years of each Septemberdeveloping coronary heart disease is found to be one in two for men and one in three for women.<ref name=world-heart-federationframinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

|2000||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Krishna World Heart Institute|Krishna Federation launches '''World Heart Institute]] is founded Day''' as a high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:heart diseases|heart diseases]]an annual event on the last Sunday of each September.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http://www.indiaheartbeat.com/hospital/profile/30849/KRISHNAworld-HEART-SUPER-SPECIALTYheart-INSTITUTE.html|title=Krishna Heart Institute|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<federation/ref>||[[wikipedia:Ahmedabad|Ahmedabad]], [[wikipedia:India|India]]

|2000||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Blood Pressure AssociationKrishna Heart Institute|Blood Pressure AssociationKrishna Heart Institute]] is founded as a high-end medical facility, specializing in [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]] to provide information and support to people with [[wikipedia:hypertensionheart diseases|hypertensionheart diseases]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloodindiaheartbeat.com/hospital/profile/30849/KRISHNA-HEART-SUPER-pressureSPECIALTY-monitoringINSTITUTE.org/html|title=Blood Pressure AssociationKrishna Heart Institute|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:LondonAhmedabad|Ahmedabad]], [[wikipedia:India|LondonIndia]]

|20012000 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||High-normal The [[wikipedia:blood pressureBlood Pressure Association|blood pressureBlood Pressure Association]] is found founded as a [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]] to be associated provide information and support to people with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to determine whether lowering high[[wikipedia:hypertension|hypertension]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blood-normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease-monitoring.org/|title=Blood Pressure Association|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}</ref name=framinghamheartstudy/>||[[wikipedia:U.S.ALondon|U.S.ALondon]]

|2001||DevelopmentScientific development ||High-normal [[wikipedia:AbioCor|AbioCor]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heartblood pressure|artificial heartblood pressure]] is implanted in a 59-yearfound to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the need to determine whether lowering high-old man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMed]]normal blood pressure can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasheart.org/Research/Devices/abiocor.cfm|title=AbioCor|author=|date=|accessdatename=31 July 2016}}<framinghamheartstudy/ref>||[[wikipedia:Jewish Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)U.S.A|Jewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[wikipedia:Kentucky|KentuckyU.S.A]]

|20042001 ||DiscoveryMedical development (device) ||Serum [[wikipedia:aldosteroneAbioCor|AbioCor]] total [[wikipedia:artificial heart|aldosteroneartificial heart]] levels are found to predict future risk of hypertension is implanted in nona 59-year-hypertensive individualsold man. The TAH is developed by company [[wikipedia:AbioMed|AbioMed]].<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Jane C. Evans, D.Sc., Martin G. Larson, Sc.D., Peter W.F. Wilson, M.D., James B. Meigs, M.D., M.P.H., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Emelia J. Benjamin, M.D., Daniel Levy, M.D. |date= |title=Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Personsweb|url=http://www.nejmtexasheart.org/doiResearch/fullDevices/10abiocor.1056/NEJMoa033263#t=articlecfm|journaltitle= New England Journal of MedicineAbioCor|publisherauthor= |volume= 351|issue= |pagesdate= 33–41|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033263 |pmc= |pmidaccessdate= 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Boston Medical CenterJewish Hospital (Louisville, Kentucky)|Jewish Hospital]], [[wikipedia:Louisville, Kentucky|Boston Medical CenterLouisville]], [[wikipedia:U.S.AKentucky|U.S.AKentucky]]

|20062002 ||OrganizationMedical development ||The [[wikipedia:Multan Institute of Cardiology|Multan Institute of Cardiology]] is foundedAlain Cribier performs the first percutaneous aortic valve replacement.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://cpeic.gop8.pk/|title=Multan Institute Review of Cardiology|author=|date=|accessdate=31 July 2016}}<Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/ref>||[[wikipedia:Multan|Multan]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Pakistan]]

|20072004 ||OrganizationScientific development ||Serum [[wikipedia:Atrial Fibrillation Associationaldosterone|Atrial Fibrillation Association]] is established as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillation|atrial fibrillationaldosterone]]levels are found to predict future risk of hypertension in non-hypertensive individuals.<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite webjournal |author=Ramachandran S. Vasan, M.D., Jane C. Evans, D.Sc., Martin G. Larson, Sc.D., Peter W.F. Wilson, M.D., James B. Meigs, M.D., M.P.H., Nader Rifai, Ph.D., Emelia J. Benjamin, M.D., Daniel Levy, M.D. |date= |title=Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons|url=http://www.heartrhythmalliancenejm.org/afadoi/ukfull/about10.1056/NEJMoa033263#t=article|journal= New England Journal of Medicine|publisher= |titlevolume= 351|issue= |pages=Atrial Fibrillation Association33–41|authordoi=10.1056/NEJMoa033263 |datepmc=|accessdatepmid=31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Shipston-on-StourBoston Medical Center|Shipston-on-StourBoston Medical Center]], [[wikipedia:United KingdomU.S.A|United KingdomU.S.A]]

|20082004 ||ReportMedical development ||The CardioWest TAH-t becomes the world's first temporary total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease reads 17artificial heart (TAH-t).3 million worldwide It is indicated for use as a year according bridge to the [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|WHO]]transplant in cardiac transplant patients at risk of imminent death from nonreversible biventricular failure.<ref>{{cite web|urlname=http"Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices://www8.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/global-facts-mapReview of Research in Cardiovascular Devices"/|title=Deaths due to cardiovascular disease|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||

|20082006 ||Organization||The Sixteenth [[wikipedia:World Congress Multan Institute of Cardiology|World Congress Multan Institute of Cardiology]] is held. From then on, the WCC moves from a 4-year to a 2-year cyclefounded.<ref name>{{cite web|url=http://cpeic.gop.pk/|title=Multan Institute of Cardiology|author=|date=|accessdate=world-heart-federation31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Buenos AiresMultan|Multan]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Buenos AiresPakistan]]

|20102007 ||DiscoveryOrganization ||[[wikipedia:Sleep apneaAtrial Fibrillation Association|Sleep apneaAtrial Fibrillation Association]] is found to be tied to increased risk of strokeestablished as an international charity that provides information and support for patients with [[wikipedia:atrial fibrillation|atrial fibrillation]].<ref name=framinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhlbiheartrhythmalliance.nih.gov/newsorg/press-releasesafa/2010uk/sleep-apnea-tied-to-increased-risk-of-strokeabout|title=Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of strokeAtrial Fibrillation Association|author=|date=|accessdate=1 31 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteShipston-on-Stour|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|MarylandShipston-on-Stour]], [[wikipedia:U.S.AUnited Kingdom|U.S.AUnited Kingdom]]

|20112008 ||DevelopmentEpidemiology ||pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]] as the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment The total number of [[wikipedia:peripheral artery deaths due to cardiovascular disease|peripheral artery disease]], including reads 17.3 million worldwide a year according to the advanced stage of [[wikipedia:critical limb ischemiaWorld Health Organization|critical limb ischemiaWHO]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gene Therapy for PAD Approvedweb|url=http://www.dddmagworld-heart-federation.comorg/news/2011/12cardiovascular-health/gene-therapyglobal-padfacts-approved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}<map/ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.|title=pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb IschemiaDeaths due to cardiovascular disease|journalauthor=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=http://cpt.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 1 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]

|20112008 ||CampaignOrganization ||The Sixteenth [[wikipedia:United NationsWorld Congress of Cardiology|UNWorld Congress of Cardiology]] declaration is held. From then on [[wikipedia:Non, the WCC moves from a 4-communicable disease|Nonyear to a 2-communicable disease]]s change the global approach to NCD’s of which cardiovascular disease is the greatest contributoryear cycle.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||[[wikipedia:Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]

|20122010 ||ReportScientific development ||[[wikipedia:Ischemic heart diseaseSleep apnea|Ischemic heart diseaseSleep apnea]] and [[wikipedia:stroke|stroke]] are is found to be the leading causes tied to increased risk of death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 6.7 million deaths for stroke.<ref name=factsheetsframinghamheartstudy/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://whowww.nhlbi.nih.intgov/mediacentrenews/factsheetspress-releases/fs310/en2010/sleep-apnea-tied-to-increased-risk-of-stroke|title=The top 10 causes Sleep apnea tied to increased risk of deathstroke|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:U.S.A|U.S.A]]

| 2011 || Medical development (drug) || pCMV-''vegf165'' is registered in [[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]] as the first-in-class gene therapy drug for treatment of [[wikipedia:peripheral artery disease|peripheral artery disease]], including the advanced stage of [[wikipedia:critical limb ischemia|critical limb ischemia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gene Therapy for PAD Approved|url=http://www.dddmag.com/news/2011/12/gene-therapy-pad-approved|accessdate=28 July 2016|date=6 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deev|first1=R.|last2=Bozo|first2=I.|last3=Mzhavanadze|first3=N.|last4=Voronov|first4=D.|last5=Gavrilenko|first5=A.|last6=Chervyakov|first6=Yu.|last7=Staroverov|first7=I.|last8=Kalinin|first8=R.|last9=Shvalb|first9=P.|last10=Isaev|first10=A.|title=pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia|journal=Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics|date=13 March 2015|doi=10.1177/1074248415574336|url=http://cpt.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/03/12/1074248415574336.abstract|accessdate=28 July 2016|pmid=25770117|volume=20|pages=473–82}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]|-| 2011 || Update || The [[wikipedia:United Nations|UN]] declaration on [[wikipedia:Non-communicable disease|Non-communicable disease]]s change the global approach to NCD’s of which cardiovascular disease is the greatest contributor.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>|||-| 2012 || Epidemiology || [[wikipedia:Ischemic heart disease|Ischemic heart disease]] and [[wikipedia:stroke|stroke]] are found to be the leading causes of death worldwide, with 7.4 million deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 6.7 million deaths for stroke.<ref name=factsheets>{{cite web|url=http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/|title=The top 10 causes of death|author=|date=|accessdate=1 July 2016}}</ref>|||-|2013||CampaignProgram ||World Heart Federation board adopts the [[wikipedia:United Nations|United Nations]] and [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] targets for cardiovascular disease, launching the '''25 x 25 campaign''' to reduce premature death from CVD by 25% by 2025.<ref name=world-heart-federation/>||

==ReferencesMeta information on the timeline== ===How the timeline was built=== The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian]]. {{Reflist|30emfunding info}}is available. ===Feedback and comments=== Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places: * FIXME ===What the timeline is still missing=== ===Timeline update strategy=== ==See also==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardiovascular DiseaseReflist|30em}}[[wikipedia:Category:Heart diseases| ]][[wikipedia:Category:Health-related timelines|Category:Health-related timelines]][[wikipedia:Category:History of cardiovascular surgery|Category:History of cardiovascular surgery]][[wikipedia:Category:Medicine timelines|Category:Medicine timelines]]