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| 1946 || || " In 1946, Berkson first illustrated the presence of a false correlation due to this last reason, which is known as Berkson's paradox and is one of the most famous paradox in probability and statistics."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Batsidis |first1=Apostolos |last2=Tzavelas |first2=George |last3=Alexopoulos |first3=Panagiotis |title=Berkson's paradox and weighted distributions: An application to Alzheimer's disease |doi=10.1002/bimj.201900046 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bimj.201900046}}</ref>
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| 1954 || || The {{w|Social comparison theory}} is initially proposed by {{w|social psychologist}} {{w|Leon Festinger}}. It centers on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations.<ref name="Festinger1954">{{cite journal | author = Festinger L | year = 1954 | title = A theory of social comparison processes | url = | journal = Human Relations | volume = 7 | issue = 2| pages = 117–140 | doi=10.1177/001872675400700202}}</ref>
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| 1956 || || The term "{{w|Barnum effect}}" is coined by psychologist {{w|Paul Meehl}} in his essay ''Wanted – A Good Cookbook'', because he relates the vague personality descriptions used in certain "pseudo-successful" psychological tests to those given by showman {{w|P. T. Barnum}}.<ref name=Meehl1956>{{cite journal|last1=Meehl |first1=Paul E. |title=Wanted – A Good Cookbook |journal=American Psychologist |date=1956 |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=263–272 |doi=10.1037/h0044164 |df= }}</ref><ref name="Dutton1988">{{cite journal|last1=Dutton|first1=D. L.|title=The cold reading technique|journal=Experientia|date=1988|volume=44|issue=4|pages=326–332|doi=10.1007/BF01961271|url=http://denisdutton.com/cold_reading.htm|language=en|pmid=3360083}}</ref>
