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| 1910 || || || "In 1910, an epidemic of pneumonic plague strikes Manchuria. Appointed by the Chinese court to head anti-plague efforts, the Penang-born, Cambridge-educated physician Wu Lien-Teh (Wu Liande) argues that the disease is transmitted through airborne contact. To prevent its spread, he develops masks to be worn by medical personnel and the general public."<ref name="bloomberg.comss"/> "The practice of wearing face-masks to prevent disease can be dated back to the 1910-11 Manchurian epidemic in China. It was Wu Lien-teh, a Cambridge educated Chinese doctor who described the mask as a ‘prophylactic apparatus’ that could be worn by all to protect themselves from the plague. "<ref name="indiabioscience.orges">{{cite web |title=The history and science of mask-wearing |url=https://indiabioscience.org/columns/general-science/the-history-and-science-of-mask-wearing |website=indiabioscience.org |accessdate=12 September 2020}}</ref> ". China has had an ethic of wearing masks during public-health emergencies since the outbreak of the pneumonic plague in 1910"<ref name="theatlantic.comdsa">{{cite web |title=Face Masks Are In |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/04/america-asia-face-mask-coronavirus/609283/ |website=theatlantic.com |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> "Those masks widely adopted by public health officials in Manchuria in 1910 left no special impression on the region afterwards"<ref name="We share what we exhale">{{cite web |title=We share what we exhale |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/a-short-cultural-history-of-mask-wearing-essay-jordan-sand/ |website=the-tls.co.uk |accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}} || [[File:Plague Workers Mukden, Manchuria, 1882-ca. 1936 (imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS8-045).jpg|thumb|center|200px|Plague workers in {{w|personal protective equipment}}]]
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| 1915 || || || Meltzer recommends fine mesh gauze masks to cover the faces of patients with infantile paralysis and the faces of personnel attending them.<ref name="History of Surgical Face Masks"/> ||
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| 2012 || || || Study at the University of North Carolina and the University of Michigan finds that, to be effective, masks must be worn consistently and early — as soon as flu season begins. The study also shows that masks work best in combination with other measures, particularly frequent hand-washing.<ref name="nbcnews.comsssa">{{cite web |title=Coronavirus mask guidance remains unclear. Here's how history can help |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/coronavirus-mask-guidance-remains-unclear-here-s-how-history-can-ncna1174451 |website=nbcnews.com |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 2013 || || || "A Cambridge University study published in 2013 compared homemade masks made out of a variety of household materials with surgical masks on their efficacy in offering protection during an influenza pandemic. All the masks studied in the report reduced the number of microorganisms expelled into the air by volunteers, at least to an extent. Masks from dish/cleaning towels or cotton blend t‑shirts turned out to be considerably effective in capturing small particles (stopping 83% and 74% of the particles, respectively)."<ref name="indiabioscience.orges"/> || [[File:Homemade cloth face mask (03).jpg|thumb|center|200px|Homemade cloth face mask]]
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| 2015 || || || Study by a team of Indian scientists on the dispersion of particles expelled during coughing/sneezing using aerodynamic simulation techniques finds that larger droplets emitted from coughing/sneezing can be blocked by a mask. A mask reduces the distance travelled by smaller droplets from nearly 2 meters to less than 30 cm. At the same time, maintaining a physical distance of at least 2 meters is greatly beneficial as even the particles that escaped the mask in the study could carry the virus no farther than 1.5 metres.<ref name="indiabioscience.orges"/> ||
