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| 2008 (November) || Disinfection method research || Bacterial infection || A non-peer-reviewed<ref>According to p. 35 of the Redway/Fawdar presentation, "Note: this study has not been peer reviewed but it is intended that the test methods described in this document are provided in sufficient detail to allow replication by those who wish to confirm the results."</ref> study is presented to the European Tissue Symposium by the {{w|University of Westminster}}, London, comparing the bacteria levels present after the use of {{w|paper towel}}s, warm air hand dryers, and modern jet-air hand dryers.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.europeantissue.com/pdfs/090402-2008%20WUS%20Westminster%20University%20hygiene%20study,%20nov2008.pdf | work=Table 4| page=13 | title=A comparative study of three different hand drying methods: paper towel, warm air dryer, jet air dryer'| author=Keith Redway and Shameem Fawdar (School of Biosciences, University of Westminster London) |date=November 2008| publisher=European Tissue Symposium|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> Of those three methods, only paper towels reduced the total number of bacteria on hands, with "through-air dried" towels the most effective. ||
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| 2008 (November) || Surveillance || {{w|Influenza}} || {{w|Google Flu Trends}} is launched as a {{w|web service}} operated by {{w|Google}}, with aims at providing estimates of influenza activity in over 25 countries. By aggregating Google Search queries, GFT attempts to make accurate predictions about flu activity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Flu Trends" Found to Be Nearly on Par with CDC Surveillance Data |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/google-flu-trends-on-par-with-cdc-data/#:~:text=Google%20Flu%20Trends%20was%20launched,with%20results%20in%2038%20languages. |website=scientificamerican.com |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> DFT would be proposed as a method to estimate influenza-like illness (ILI) in the general population and to be used in conjunction with traditional surveillance systems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kandula |first1=Sasikiran |title=Reappraising the utility of Google Flu Trends |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007258 |pmid=31374088 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6693776/#:~:text=Google%20Flu%20Trends%20(GFT)%20was,were%20often%20overestimates%20of%20ILI. |pmc=6693776}}</ref> ||
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| 2009 (April) || {{w|Social distancing}} || {{w|Influenza}} || {{w|Swine flu pandemic}} "April 2009, President Obama gave a press conference and recommended that schools with confirmed or suspected cases of H1N1 influenza close temporarily, and businesses and parents should "think about contingency plans if their children do have to stay home."<ref>{{cite web |title=Then vs. Now: How Social Distancing Became a Fixture of Public Health |url=https://www.wrcbtv.com/story/42152348/then-vs-now-the-history-of-social-distancing |website=wrcbtv.com |accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
