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** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Disinfection method introduction".
** You will see a variety of physical methods of disinfection, like boiling, heat, steam sterilization, {{w|X-ray}}s; a number of elements and artifacts introduced for disinfection, like {{w|porcelain}} and the {{w|autoclave}}, as well as some protocols introduced in modern hospitals.
* What are some of the several developed methods of {{w|social distancing}} with the purpose to prevent infection?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Social distancing}}"
** You will see between parenthesis different methods, like "{{w|cordon sanitaire}}", and "{{w|quarantine}}", both very old practices.
* What are some events describing research on disinfection methods?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Disinfection method research".
* What are some historically significant applications of public measures aimed at preventing and controlling infection outbreaks?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the groups of rows with values "Contact tracing", "Survaillance", "{{w|Cordon sanitaire}}", "{{w|Protective sequestration}}" and "{{w|Infection control}}".
** You will see some different types of response to outbreaks, including historic {{w|plague}} epidemics, and recent pandemics.
** For contact tracing, you will see a number of recent events related to {{w|digital contact tracing}} launched during the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}.
| 800 BC || {{w|Disinfectant}} introduction || || The oldest reference to disinfection of premises with a chemical product seems to be that described by [[w:Homer (Homero)|Homer]] in book xii of the ''{{w|Odyssey}}'', where the hero, having killed his rivals, demands that sulphur be burnt in the house which they had occupied.<ref name="oie.int"/> ||
|-
| 1347–1348 || {{w|Social distancing}} ({{w|quarantine}}) || {{w|Plague}} || "The term “quarantine” ''quarantine'' is derived from the Italian number “quaranta,” or 40, and with the practice originated in 1347-1348originating around this time, when during the “Black Plague” was sweeping Europe{{w|Black Plague}}."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Science of Social Distancing |url=https://asm.org/Articles/2020/April/The-Science-of-Social-Distancing |website=asm.org |accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}}
|-
| 1363 || {{w|Disinfectant}} introduction || Wound infection || Alcohol as an {{w|antiseptic}} is recommended for wound treatment by French physician {{w|Guy de Chauliac}}.<ref name="Block">{{cite book |last1=Block |first1=Seymour Stanton |title=Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3f-kPJ17_TYC&pg=PA229&lpg=PA229&dq=1363+++Alcohol+is+already+used+as+an+antiseptic.&source=bl&ots=KnIjEt4ON0&sig=ACfU3U19gDSSAKOZfh3tqGXdv6oIFH6fBQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjF25rkucbpAhXwHrkGHSxCCB0Q6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=1363%20%20%20Alcohol%20is%20already%20used%20as%20an%20antiseptic.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
| 1719 || {{w|Disinfectant}} introduction || || {{w|Thymol}} is first isolated by the German chemist [[w:Caspar Neumann (chemist)|Caspar Neumann]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Carolo |last=Neuman |date=1724 |title=De Camphora |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London |volume=33 |issue=389 |pages=321–332 |url=http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/33/381-391/321.full.pdf+html |doi=10.1098/rstl.1724.0061|doi-access=free }} On page 324, Neumann mentions that in 1719 (MDCCXIX) he distilled some essential oils from various herbs. On page 326, he mentions that during the course of these experiments, he obtained a crystalline substance from thyme oil, which he called "''Camphora Thymi''" ({{w|camphor}} of thyme). (Neumann gave the name "camphor" not only to the specific substance that today is called camphor, but to any crystalline substance that precipitated from a volatile, fragrant oil from some plant.)</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
|-
| 1720 || {{w|Social distancing}} ({{w| quarantine}}) || {{w|Plague}} || "In 1720During a bubonic plague epidemic, local merchants in {{w|Marseille pressured }} pressure authorities to release a cargo ship from quarantine after just about 10 days or so; when the crew and cargo entered enter the city, an outbreak erupted erupts in Marseille and killed kills 60,000 of its inhabitants."<ref>{{cite web |title=Then vs. Now: How Social Distancing Became a Fixture of Public Health |url=https://www.wrcbtv.com/story/42152348/then-vs-now-the-history-of-social-distancing |website=wrcbtv.com |accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
|-
| 1730 || {{w|Disinfectant}} introduction || {{w|Glanders}} infection || {{w|Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor}} decrees that stables which have housed glanderous horses should be plastered with {{w|quicklime}}. Such arrangements figure in numerous texts published in Europe around the time.<ref name="oie.int"/> || {{w|Europe}}
|-
| 1733 || Infection control {{w|Social distancing}} ({{w|quarantine}}) || {{w|Leprosy}} || The {{w|Lazzaretto of Ancona}} starts being built on an artificial island as a {{w|quarantine}} station and {{w|leprosarium}} for the port town of {{w|Ancona, Italy}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Curl |first1=James Stevens |last2=Wilson |first2=Susan |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=e-KrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT2202&lpg=PT2202&dq=Lazzaretto+of+Ancona+1733&source=bl&ots=iqPpVJruQt&sig=ACfU3U3ArCi24YJmVOLQBl7syXYkt87Nlg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikho2s88XqAhWTIbkGHQzkDHsQ6AEwEHoECCYQAQ#v=onepage&q=Lazzaretto%20of%20Ancona%201733&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}}
|-
| 1745 || Infection prevention || {{w|Plague}} || A decree in {{w|Oldenburg}} prescribes the cleaning with {{w|caustic soda}} of troughs from which cattle with plague have fed, and the cleaning of the woodwork and walls of their houses with lime-wash.<ref name="oie.int"/> || {{w|Germany}}
| url = https://books.google.com/?id=-N43AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA306#v=onepage}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
|-
| 1821 || {{w|Cordon Social distancing}} ({{w|cordon sanitaire}}, Concept development ) || || The term {{w|cordon sanitaire}} dates to this year.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smart |first1=William |title=Economic Annals of the Nineteenth Century ...: 1821-1830 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vgjRAAAAMAAJ&q=cordon+sanitaire+1821&dq=cordon+sanitaire+1821&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHp6-z983pAhXCILkGHesIDB8Q6AEIVDAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bourgon |first1=Jean Ignace Joseph |title=Abrégé de l'histoire de France, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KVEvAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA826&dq=cordon+sanitaire+1821&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHp6-z983pAhXCILkGHesIDB8Q6AEIdzAJ#v=onepage&q=cordon%20sanitaire%201821&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salas-Vives |first1=Pere |last2=Pujadas-Mora |first2=Joana-Maria |title=Cordons Sanitaires and the Rationalisation Process in Southern Europe (Nineteenth-Century Majorca) |doi=10.1017/mdh.2018.25 |pmid=29886862 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113753/}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
|-
| 1823 || {{w|Disinfectant}} introduction || || French chemist {{w|Antoine Germain Labarraque}} uses {{w|hypochlorite}} as a deodorant and disinfectant in a {{w|catgut}} factory.<ref name="Hugo"/> || {{w|France}}
| 1942 || Disinfection method introduction || || Weeden Underwood defines the first "flash sterilization" at 30 min at 121°C.<ref name="Rogers"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1943 || Prevention Social distancing || || An early {{w|isolation ward}} in the United States is established.<ref>{{cite book |title=Navy Medicine, Volume 95, Issue 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WtC6VUZ8XGgC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=1943+First+isolation+ward+in+USA&source=bl&ots=jOy4TdbghP&sig=ACfU3U05uJpuL3bjg3fImCTZPdQE3g54yg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit-PiyxMbpAhXoIbkGHT-uCEUQ6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=1943%20First%20isolation%20ward%20in%20USA&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1943 || Disinfectant research || Bacterial infection || Theodore Puck, Robertson and Henry Lemon report on the bactericidal activity of {{w|propylene glycol}} (hydrolysis by-product of propylene oxide) vapour.<ref name="Rogers"/> ||
| 1963 || Scientific development || Microbial infection || Guerin shows that desiccated microbes are more resistant to ozone than hydrated cells.<ref name="Rogers"/> ||
|-
| 1963 || {{w|Social distancing}} || || "In 1963 when American cultural anthropologist Edward T. Hall, a cultural anthropologist, coined coins the term ''proxemics '' to define studies about social distancing in everyday life, nobody thought that a virus, 100 times smaller than even a bacteria, would make human closeness a big problem. Hall’s concern was is that closer distances between two persons may increase visual, tactile, auditory, or olfactory stimulation to the point that some people may feel intruded upon and react negatively".<ref name="deasa">{{cite web |title=SOCIAL DISTANCING: ORIGINS AND EFFECTS |url=https://bcmj.org/blog/social-distancing-origins-and-effects |website=bcmj.org |accessdate=31 July 2020}}</ref> ||{{w|United States}}
|-
| 1964 || Disinfection method introduction || || {{w|Johnson and Johnson}} starts providing commercial {{w|gamma irradiation}}.<ref name="Rogers"/> ||
| 2008 (June) || Publication || || The {{w|World Health Organization}} publishes ''Core components for infection prevention and control programmes'', a report of the Second Meeting of the Informal Network on Infection Prevention and Control in Health Care.<ref>{{cite web |title=Core components for infection prevention and control programmes |url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_HSE_EPR_2009_1/en/ |website=who.int |accessdate=19 May 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}} ({{w|Geneva}})
|-
| 2008 (November) || Study Disinfection method research || Bacterial infection || A non-peer-reviewed<ref>According to p. 35 of the Redway/Fawdar presentation, "Note: this study has not been peer reviewed but it is intended that the test methods described in this document are provided in sufficient detail to allow replication by those who wish to confirm the results."</ref> study is presented to the European Tissue Symposium by the {{w|University of Westminster}}, London, comparing the bacteria levels present after the use of {{w|paper towel}}s, warm air hand dryers, and modern jet-air hand dryers.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.europeantissue.com/pdfs/090402-2008%20WUS%20Westminster%20University%20hygiene%20study,%20nov2008.pdf | work=Table 4| page=13 | title=A comparative study of three different hand drying methods: paper towel, warm air dryer, jet air dryer'| author=Keith Redway and Shameem Fawdar (School of Biosciences, University of Westminster London) |date=November 2008| publisher=European Tissue Symposium|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> Of those three methods, only paper towels reduced the total number of bacteria on hands, with "through-air dried" towels the most effective. ||
|-
| 2008 (November) || Surveillance || {{w|Influenza}} || {{w|Google Flu Trends}} is launched as a {{w|web service}} operated by {{w|Google}}, with aims at providing estimates of influenza activity in over 25 countries. By aggregating Google Search queries, GFT attempts to make accurate predictions about flu activity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Flu Trends" Found to Be Nearly on Par with CDC Surveillance Data |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/google-flu-trends-on-par-with-cdc-data/#:~:text=Google%20Flu%20Trends%20was%20launched,with%20results%20in%2038%20languages. |website=scientificamerican.com |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> DFT would be proposed as a method to estimate influenza-like illness (ILI) in the general population and to be used in conjunction with traditional surveillance systems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kandula |first1=Sasikiran |title=Reappraising the utility of Google Flu Trends |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007258 |pmid=31374088 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6693776/#:~:text=Google%20Flu%20Trends%20(GFT)%20was,were%20often%20overestimates%20of%20ILI. |pmc=6693776}}</ref> ||
| 2015 || {{w|Hand washing}} || || A study of hand washing in 54 countries finds that on average, 38.7% of households practice hand washing with soap.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Importance of Handwashing (Infographic) |url=https://globalhandwashing.org/resources/the-importance-of-handwashing-infographic/ |website=globalhandwashing.org |accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| 2015 || {{w|Social distancing}} || || "A 2015 study suggested suggests that long-term social isolation (in the absence of a threat like the current viral infection) increased increases the risk of mortality by 29% in such chronic conditions as {{w|heart disease}}, {{w|depression}}, and {{w|dementia}}. "<ref name="deasa"/> ||
|-
| 2018 || {{w|Contact tracing}} || || A patent application by {{w|Facebook}} discusses a {{w|Bluetooth}} proximity-based trust method of {{w|digital contact tracing}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proximity-based trust |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2019139630A1/en |website=patents.google.com |accessdate=24 July 2020}}</ref> ||
| 2020 (February 19) || {{w|Contact tracing}} || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || {{w|Covid Watch}} is created as an open source nonprofit with the mission to build mobile technology to fight the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}} while defending digital privacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://covid-watch.org/about|title=Covid Watch About Page|date=2020-06-02|website=Covid Watch|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Risk Assessment App Idea for Vetting and Discussion |url=https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/8chk6DHZXctGHtNoz/covid-19-risk-assessment-app-idea-for-vetting-and-discussion |website=forum.effectivealtruism.org |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> ||
|-
| 2020 (March 16) || {{w|Protective Social distancing}} ({{w|protective sequestration}} ) || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || The tribal leadership of the {{w|Havasupai}} closes access to its community in {{w|Havasu Creek}} to tourists to prevent the introduction of {{w|COVID-19}} into the population.<ref>[https://fronterasdesk.org/content/1523571/havasupai-ill-equipped-handle-covid-19-close-canyon "Havasupai Ill Equipped To Handle COVID-19, Close Canyon," Laurel Morales, ''Fronteras,'' Thursday, April 9, 2020.]</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 2020 (March 17) || {{w|Contact tracing}} || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || {{w|TCN Protocol}} is introduced as an {{w|open source}}, [[w:Decentralised system|decentralized]], anonymous [[w:Exposure Notification|exposure alert]] protocol developed by {{w|Covid Watch}}<ref name="Covid Watch">{{Cite web|url=https://www.covid-watch.org/|title=Covid Watch|date=2020-02-19|website=Covid Watch|language=en|access-date=2020-06-02}}</ref> in response to the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2020/04/09/stanford-researchers-help-develop-privacy-focused-coronavirus-alert-app/|title=Stanford researchers help develop privacy-focused coronavirus alert app|last=University|first=Stanford|date=2020-04-09|website=Stanford News|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=First implementation of anonymous exposure alert protocol |url=https://github.com/covidwatchorg/covidwatch-ios-tcn/commit/b520d1486d9d898dadeb15dd94fbbb16c0e1d6a1 |website=github.com |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> ||
===What the timeline is still missing===
* {{w|Public health surveillance}}
