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| 2019 || Surveillance || || The European Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Surveillance Network (EURGen-Net) launches.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Surveillance Network (EURGen-Net) |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/about-us/who-we-work/disease-and-laboratory-networks/EURGen-net |website=ecdc.europa.eu |accessdate=24 July 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Europe}}
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| 2020 || {{w|Social distancing}} ({{w|cordon sanitaire}}) || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || A multiple number of lockdowns are imposed worldwide in response to the {{w|2019–20 coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our ongoing list of how countries are reopening, and which ones remain under lockdown |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3 |website=businessinsider.com |accessdate=14 July 2020}}</ref> || Worldwide
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| 2020 (February 19) || {{w|Contact tracing}} || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || {{w|Covid Watch}} is created as an open source nonprofit with the mission to build mobile technology to fight the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}} while defending digital privacy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://covid-watch.org/about|title=Covid Watch About Page|date=2020-06-02|website=Covid Watch|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Risk Assessment App Idea for Vetting and Discussion |url=https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/8chk6DHZXctGHtNoz/covid-19-risk-assessment-app-idea-for-vetting-and-discussion |website=forum.effectivealtruism.org |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> ||
| 2020 (March 31) || {{w|Contact tracing}} || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || The Government of Bahrain launches BeAware, a contact-tracing smartphone application. Linked with a national ID number, the app uploads GPS and WiFi location data to a central server so the government can perform contact tracing and call in users for testing. It also links with an electronic bracelet over Bluetooth for quarantine enforcement.<ref name="lawfareblog.comp"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Tracking and testing key to Bahrain’s Covid-19 strategy |url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/news/tracking-and-testing-key-bahrain-s-covid-19-e-health-strategy |website=oxfordbusinessgroup.com |accessdate=30 July 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Bahrain}}
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| 2020 (March) || {{w|Protective Social distancing}} ({{w|protective sequestration}} ) || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || Several villages in {{w|Alaska}}, such as [[w:Arctic Village, AK|Arctic Village]] and {{w|Fort Yukon}}, severely restrict travel into these villages, to prevent the introduction of {{w|COVID-19}}. Volunteers patrol the villages to stop any outsiders attempting to enter the villages by snowmobile.<ref>[https://time.com/5813162/alaska-coronavirus/ Alejandro de la Garza, "Alaska's Remote Villages Are Cutting Themselves Off to Avoid Even 'One Single Case' of Coronavirus," ''Time,'' March 31, 2020]</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 2020 (April 1) || {{w|Contact tracing}} || {{w|Coronavirus disease 2019}} || The {{w|Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing}} (PEPP-PT/PEPP) is introduced as a [[w:Solution stack|full-stack]] [[w:Open standard|open protocol]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/pepp-pt/pepp-pt-documentation/blob/master/LICENSE.txt|title=PEPP-PT License|last=|first=|date=2020-04-19|website=GitHub|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> designed to facilitate {{w|digital contact tracing}} of infected participants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/04/17/europes-pepp-pt-covid-19-contacts-tracing-standard-push-could-be-squaring-up-for-a-fight-with-apple-and-google/|title=Europe’s PEPP-PT COVID-19 contacts tracing standard push could be squaring up for a fight with Apple and Google|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> The protocol was developed in the context of the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}<ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19 Apps and Websites – The “Pan-European Privacy Preserving Proximity Tracing Initiative” and Guidance by Supervisory Authorities |url=https://www.insideprivacy.com/covid-19/covid-19-apps-and-websites-the-pan-european-privacy-preserving-proximity-tracing-initiative-and-guidance-by-supervisory-authorities/ |website=insideprivacy.com |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An EU coalition of techies is backing a ‘privacy-preserving’ standard for COVID-19 contacts tracing |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/01/an-eu-coalition-of-techies-is-backing-a-privacy-preserving-standard-for-covid-19-contacts-tracing/ |website=techcrunch.com |accessdate=29 July 2020}}</ref> ||
