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| 1999 || || Infection || New [[wikipedia:Influenza A virus subtype H9N2|Influenza A virus subtype H9N2]] strain is detected in humans. It causes illness in two children in Hong Kong, with poultry being the probable source. No pandemic develops.<ref name=Pandemic-Flu-History/><ref name="Avian flu: a history" /> || [[wikipedia:China|China]] ([[wikipedia:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]])
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| 1999 || || Literature || ''Your Health: How the Flu Makes Its Way from Wild Ducks, to Livestock, to You''. ||
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| 2002 || || Infection || New avian [[wikipedia:influenza A virus subtype H7N2|influenza A virus subtype H7N2]] strain affects 197 farms in [[wikipedia:Virginia|Virginia]] and results in the killing of over 4.7 million birds. One person is infected, fully recovered.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Akey|first1=BL|title=Low-pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza outbreak in Virgnia during 2002.|doi=10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1099|pmid=14575120}}</ref><ref name="Avian flu: a history" /> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
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| 2004 || || Non–human infection || Avian [[wikipedia:influenza A virus subtype H5N2|influenza A virus subtype H5N2]] infects birds in [[wikipedia:Texas|Texas]]. 6,600 infected broiler chickens are slaughtered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza|url=https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergingissues/impactworksheets/iw_2004_files/domestic/hpaitexas032004.htm|website=usda.gov|accessdate=1 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="Avian flu: a history" /> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
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| 2004 || Human || Literature || ''Influenza Pandemic Preparedness: Legal and Ethical Dimensions''.
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| 2005 || || Organization || [[wikipedia:President of the United States|United States President]] [[wikipedia:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] unveils the National Strategy to Safeguard Against the Danger of Pandemic Influenza. US$1 billion for the production and stockpile of [[wikipedia:oseltamivir|oseltamivir]] are requested after Congress approves $1.8 billion for military use of the drug.<ref>Shannon Brownlee and Jeanne Lenzer (November 2009) [https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200911/brownlee-h1n1 "Does the Vaccine Matter?"], ''[[wikipedia:The Atlantic|The Atlantic]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/pandemic-influenza.html National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza] Whitehouse.gov Retrieved 26 October 2006.</ref>|| [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
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| 2007 || || Non-human infection || [[wikipedia:2007 Australian equine influenza outbreak|Equine influenza outbreak]] is diagnosed in Australia's horse population following the failure to contain infection in quarantine after the importation of one or more infected horses. The outbreak would also have a major impact on individual horse owners, the horse industry and associated sectors in both infected and uninfected states.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Overview of the 2007 Australian outbreak of equine influenza|journal=Australian Veterinary Journal|doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00721.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00721.x/abstract?systemMessage=WOL+Usage+report+download+page+will+be+unavailable+on+Friday+27th+January+2017+at+23%3A00+GMT%2F+18%3A00+EST%2F+07%3A00+SGT+%28Saturday+28th+Jan+for+SGT%29++for+up+to+2+hours+due+to+essential+server+maintenance.+Apologies+for+the+inconvenience.|accessdate=29 January 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Australia|Australia]]
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| 2008 || || Literature || Roni K. Devlin publishes ''Influenza''.
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| 2008 || || Scientific development ||[[wikipedia:OpenFluDB|OpenFluDB]] is launched as a [[wikipedia:database|database]] for human and animal influenza virus. It's used to collect, manage, store and distribute worldwide data on influenza.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robin Liechti1, Anne Gleizes, Dmitry Kuznetsov, Lydie Bougueleret, Philippe Le Mercier, Amos Bairoch and Ioannis Xenarios |date= |title=OpenFluDB, a database for human and animal influenza virus |url=http://database.oxfordjournals.org/content/2010/baq004.full |journal= |publisher= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= 10.1093/database/baq004 |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref>|| Worldwide
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| 2009 || || Epidemic || New flu virus ([[wikipedia:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1|H1N1]]) [[wikipedia:2009 flu pandemic|pandemic]] (colloquially called the swine flu pandemic), first recognized in the state of [[wikipedia:Veracruz|Veracruz]], Mexico, spreads quickly across the United States and the world, prompting a strong global public reaction. Overseas flights are discouraged from government health bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/27/swine-flu-mexico|title=Europeans urged to avoid Mexico and US as swine flu death toll rises}}</ref> Worldwide, nearly 1 billion doses of H1N1 vaccine are ordered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/conditions/how-vaccines-became-big-business/article572731/?page=all|title= How vaccines became big business}}</ref> A total of 74 countries are affected. 18,500 deaths.<ref name=Pandemic-Flu-History/>|| Worldwide
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| 2010 || Both human and non-human || || ''Flu Vaccination in Historical Perspective: Public Health for the Middle Class''.
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| 2011 || || Non–human infection || [[wikipedia:Influenza A virus subtype H3N8|Influenza A virus subtype H3N8]] causes death of more than 160 baby [[wikipedia:Pinniped|seals]] in [[wikipedia:New England|New England]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Karlsson|first1=Erik A.|last2=Hon|first2=S.|last3=Hall|first3=Jeffrey S.|last4=Yoon|first4=Sun Woo|last5=Johnson|first5=Jordan|last6=Beck|first6=Melinda A.|last7=Webby|first7=Richard J.|last8=Schultz-Cherry|first8=Stacey|title=Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from a harbour seal|doi=10.1038/ncomms5791|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5791|accessdate=1 February 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
