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Timeline of malaria in 2018

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! Month and date !! Event type Category !! Details !! Location
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| January 4 || Parasite || Australian-led international team identifies the key portal used by malaria parasite ''{{w|Plasmodium vivax}}'' to enter human red blood cells. The researchers in {{w|Melbourne}} discover that the parasite infects humans by hijacking a protein the body cannot live without. This allows the possibility to successfully develop antibodies that disable the parasite from carrying out its activity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria infection linked to iron in red blood cells |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/biology/malaria-infection-linked-to-iron-in-red-blood-cells |website=cosmosmagazine.com |accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hijacker parasite blocked from infiltrating blood |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-01-hijacker-parasite-blocked-infiltrating-blood.html |website=phys.org |accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Australian scientists solve malaria mystery |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/australian-scientists-solve-malaria-mystery/news-story/4a13c4c8d1f8105d4fe01a4e657ef5fe |website=theaustralian.com.au |accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Australia}}
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| April 17 || Parasite || Dutch molecular/cellular parasitologist Taco Kooij from {{w|Radboud University Medical Center}} discovers a protein in the {{w|mitochondrion}} of the malaria parasite that could be used as a target for a new drug. The malaria parasite is highly dependent on a unique protein for infecting new mosquitoes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unique protein is a vulnerability in the malaria parasite |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418111615.htm |website=sciencedaily.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unique protein is a vulnerability in the malaria parasite |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/rumc-upi041818.php |website=eurekalert.org |accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=An Unusual Prohibitin Regulates Malaria Parasite Mitochondrial Membrane Potential |url=https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/pdfExtended/S2211-1247(18)30449-2 |website=cell.com |accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| April 18 || Organization || The Malaria Summit 2018 is held in {{w|London}}. Financial, political and scientific commitments made at the summit total US$4.1 billion. 53 country leaders from countries belonging to the {{w|Commonwealth of Nations}} – which represent more than 50 percent of the global malaria burden – publicly commit to reduce malaria by half by 2023.<ref name="2018 HIGHLIGHTS">{{cite web |title=2018 HIGHLIGHTS |url=https://www.malarianomore.org/2018-highlights/ |website=malarianomore.org |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> The summit is conceived and delivered by [[w:Malaria No More|Malaria No More UK]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malaria Summit London 2018 |url=https://thedukeofyork.org/organisation-2/the-malaria-summit-london-2018/ |website=thedukeofyork.org |accessdate=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Malaria Summit London |url=https://www.malariasummit.com/ |website=malariasummit.com |accessdate=20 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Malaria No More UK |url=https://www.charityjob.co.uk/jobs/malaria-no-more-uk/strategy-planning-manager/646923 |website=charityjob.co.uk |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| April 20 || Vector || Researchers from the {{w|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine}}, {{w|Wageningen University & Research}}, {{w|Rothamsted Research}}, the {{w|International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology}} and {{w|Cardiff University}} publish important details about how human odor is influenced by malaria, whose parasite can change the way people smell, making them more attractive to mosquitoes. The work may help explain why the disease is able to spread so effectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria infection creates a ‘human perfume’ that makes us more attractive to mosquitoes |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/malaria-infection-creates-human-perfume-makes-us-more-attractive-mosquitoes?r3f_986=https://www.google.com.ar/ |website=sciencemag.org |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}, {{w|Netherlands}}, {{w|Kenya}}
| April 26 || Prevention || Ghanaian officials say their country is readying itself for the smooth pilot of the world's first malaria vaccine later in the year. {{w|Ghana}}, {{w|Kenya}} and {{w|Malawi}} would be the first African countries to test the MosquirixTM vaccine, which acts against ''{{w|Plasmodium falciparum}}'', the most deadly malaria parasite globally, and the most prevalent in Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana set to pilot world's first malaria vaccine |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-set-to-pilot-world-s-first-malaria-vaccine-646435# |website=ghanaweb.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana set to pilot new malaria vaccine |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/26/c_137138791.htm |website=xinhuanet.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ghana to get malaria treatment center to manufacture vaccines |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2018/April-26th/ghana-to-get-malaria-treatment-center-to-manufacture-vaccines.php |website=myjoyonline.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Ghana}}
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| May 9 || Parasite || Researchers at {{w|University of South Florida College of Public Health}} develop technique that allows scientists to more easily study malaria outside the human body during the earliest point of infection, the liver. The liver stage is significant as it precedes the parasite's ability to infect human blood, the point of which symptoms of malaria first appear.<ref>{{cite web |title=Major enhancement to in vitro testing of human liver-stage malaria |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-05-major-vitro-human-liver-stage-malaria.html |website=medicalxpress.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| May 15 || Diagnosis || International team of researchers discover that malaria could be diagnosed through changes in body odor, after previously showing that malaria infection in a mouse model altered the odors of the mice to make them more attractive to mosquitoes, particularly at a stage of infection where the transmissible stage of the parasite was present at high levels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Researchers use body odor to diagnose malaria |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20180515/Researchers-use-body-odor-to-diagnose-malaria.aspx |website=news-medical.net |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> ||
| August 31 || || Study led by ISGlobal in {{w|Barcelona}} identifies a new clinical phenotype of severe malaria by using computational analysis. The results indicate that heart failure can be a pathogenic mechanism of disease, which has implications in the clinical management of these patients.<ref>{{cite web |title=A computational analysis identifies a new clinical phenotype of severe malaria |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180831110345.htm |website=sciencedaily.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
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| August 31 || Epidemiology || Researchers from {{w|Emory University}} report surprising results (including time of infection as critical) after using mathematical modelling to measure the success of new strains of malaria. The researchers set up a computer model that ran runs simulations of malaria transmission over a period of roughly 14 years. The model contained contains 400 digital people who were attacked, on a random basis, by 12,000 digital mosquitoes.<ref>{{cite web |title=The mathematics of malaria |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/mathematics/the-mathematics-of-malaria |website=cosmosmagazine.com |accessdate=12 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| September 4 || Prevention || Researchers at University of Glasgow and the Wellcome Sanger Institute publish results of experimental research demonstrating that a regulator protein, AP2-G, may hold the key to finding new approaches to prevent malaria. The regulator protein AP2-G is key to malaria parasite's lifecycle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Regulator protein key to malaria parasite's lifecycle |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-09-protein-key-malaria-parasite-lifecycle.html |website=phys.org |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Regulator Protein, AP2-G, May Hold the Key to Preventing Malaria |url=https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/news/regulator-protein-ap2-g-may-hold-the-key-to-preventing-malaria-308755 |website=technologynetworks.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| September 10 || Prevention || Nigerian officials announce distribution of at least 4.7 million Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN’s) for free to the people of {{w|Katsina State}} as part of measures to eliminate malaria scourge in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria: 4.7m Mosquito Nets To Be Distributed Free In Katsina State |url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/163765/ |website=tribuneonlineng.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Nigeria}}
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| September 18 || Treatment || Research trial from the {{w|University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment}}, studying the feasibility of growing plants used to treat malaria, report success in its first growing season. The crop's success ([[w:Artemisia (genus)|artemisia]]) can be attributed to the abundance of rainfall in the season, negating the need for any irrigation.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Test Plot of Malaria-fighting Plant a Success at UK Farm |url=https://uknow.uky.edu/research/first-test-plot-malaria-fighting-plant-success-uk-farm |website=uknow.uky.edu |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| September 19 || Treatment || {{w|Portland}}-based drug developer announces starting human trials for a new anti-malarial drug called DM1157, designed to overcome resistance to other malaria drugs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portland lab's new malaria drug now in human trials |url=https://www.koin.com/news/health/portland-lab-s-new-malaria-drug-now-in-human-trials/1459939607 |website=koin.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| October 29 || Diagnosis || Researchers from the {{w|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine}} suggest that dogs can identify the odor of malaria. After several weeks of training, the dogs correctly identified socks from infected children 70 percent of the time and correctly identified socks from uninfected children 90 percent of the time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Good Dogs Could Help Identify Malaria Carriers |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dogs-can-sniff-out-malaria-180970646/ |website=smithsonianmag.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=These dogs know you have malaria before you do |url=https://www.popsci.com/dogs-sniff-out-malaria |website=popsci.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=These Dogs Have a Nose for Malaria |url=https://www.insidescience.org/news/these-dogs-have-nose-malaria |website=insidescience.org |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sniffer dogs could detect malaria in people |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-10-sniffer-dogs-malaria-people.html |website=medicalxpress.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dogs can detect malaria by sniffing people's socks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/dogs-noses-powerful-weapon-malaria-symptoms |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| October || Agreement || Global nonprofit {{w|Malaria No More}} signs an agreement with the {{w|Government of Odisha}}, India, to provide technical capacity and support the strengthening of the government’s program to further reduce malaria cases and deaths in {{w|Odisha}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=JOINING TOGETHER TO END MALARIA IN INDIA |url=https://www.abbott.com/responsibility/social-impact/access-to-healthcare/articles/joining-together-to-end-malaria.html |website=abbott.com |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
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| November 3 || Treatment || Researchers from the {{w|National Institute of Malaria Research}} in {{w|India}} announce developement of two new drugs against drug-resistant malaria that target a new protein not targeted by currently available drugs.<ref>{{cite web |title=NIMR scientists develop 2 new medicines for drug-resistant Malaria |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/health/nimr-scientists-develop-2-new-medicines-for-drug-resistant-malaria/story-yU1WThyRZvsfP1i4aVmBQM.html |website=hindustantimes.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
| November 7 || Prevention || {{w|South Africa}} investigates sterilising mosquitoes in anti-malaria drive. The project involving ''{{w|Anopheles arabiensis}}'' aims to show that the sterile insect technique can be successfully used to suppress mosquito populations that carry and spread malaria. If it works, the approach can be used as an alternative vector control method to complement existing strategies. South Africa is one of four southern African countries aiming to eliminate malaria transmission by 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa investigates sterilising mosquitoes in anti-malaria drive |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/south-africa-investigates-sterilising-mosquitoes/ |website=thesouthafrican.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|South Africa}}
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| November 19 || Epidemiology || The {{w|World Health Organization}} publishes its World malaria report 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=World malaria report 2018 |url=https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/ |website=who.int |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> which announces that progress against malaria has stalled, adding a second year in a row in its annual report on the disease. However, unlike last year, the WHO pairs the update with an aggressive plan to step up action in the hardest-hit countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO reports malaria setbacks; groups launch response plan |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/11/who-reports-malaria-setbacks-groups-launch-response-plan |website=cidrap.umn.edu |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WHO and partners launch new country-led response to put stalled malaria control efforts back on track |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/19-11-2018-who-and-partners-launch-new-country-led-response-to-put-stalled-malaria-control-efforts-back-on-track |website=who.int |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progress against malaria has ‘stalled,’ WHO says |url=https://www.healio.com/infectious-disease/emerging-diseases/news/online/%7B2310ee58-9175-4288-91d1-087aca065555%7D/progress-against-malaria-has-stalled-who-says |website=healio.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WHO: Malaria reductions stall after progress |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-11-malaria-reductions-stall.html |website=medicalxpress.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> Also, it is reported that malaria is on the rise in more than 13 countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria on the rise in more than 13 countries, experts warn |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/19/health/malaria-increase-global-report-2018-intl/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> ||
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| November 28 || Prevention || A four-day mass drug administration (MDA) campaign is launched in the {{w|Northern Kivu}} province town of Beni in {{w| DR Congo}}, with a target to reach up to 450,000 people with anti-malarial drugs combined with the distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria control campaign launched in Democratic Republic of the Congo to save lives and aid Ebola response |url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/malaria-control-campaign-launched-democratic-republic-congo-save-lives-and-aid-ebola-response |website=afro.who.int |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Spike in malaria cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo threatens to derail attempts to combat Ebola outbreak which has killed 242 |url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-6439351/To-stop-Ebola-Congo-targets-malaria-outbreak-zone.html |website=dailymail.co.uk |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
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| November || Organization || About 41 non-governmental organizations from across Francophone Africa and Asia join to create the Civil Society Network for Malaria Elimination, which is expected to "advocate for political and resource commitments, and drive greater accountability at the local, regional and global levels to eliminate malaria". {{w|Malaria No More}} is chosen to serve as the Secretariat to drive forward the network’s activities.<ref name="2018 HIGHLIGHTS"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ngou |first1=Olivia |title=Opinion: Civil society and community engagement key to achieve malaria elimination |url=https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-civil-society-and-community-engagement-key-to-achieve-malaria-elimination-93801 |website=devex.com |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> ||
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| November || Organization || American charity evaluator {{w|GiveWell}} ranks both nonprofits {{w|Malaria Consortium}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria Consortium – Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention |url=https://www.givewell.org/charities/malaria-consortium |website=givewell.org |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> and {{w|Against Malaria Foundation}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Against Malaria Foundation |url=https://www.givewell.org/charities/amf |website=givewell.org |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> as top-rated charities, and recommends {{w|private foundation}} {{w|Good Ventures}} a US$26.6 million allocation for Malaria Consortium and US$2.5 million for Against Malaria Foundation during the end-of-2018 Giving Season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our recommendation to Good Ventures |url=https://blog.givewell.org/2018/11/26/our-recommendation-to-good-ventures/ |website=blog.givewell.org |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> ||
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| December 10 || Treatment || Researchers at Insilico Taiwan (a Taipei-based subsidiary of {{w|Insilico Medicine}}) announce development of a new end-to-end drug discovery pipeline to eradicate malaria by using next generation {{w|artificial intelligence}} (AI)-based tools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artificial intelligence to speed up malaria research |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2018/11/13/Artificial-intelligence-to-speed-up-malaria-research.html |website=theweek.in |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artificial intelligence boosts drug delivery to eradicate malaria |url=https://telanganatoday.com/artificial-intelligence-boosts-drug-delivery-to-eradicate-malaria |website=telanganatoday.com |accessdate=13 February 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Taiwan}}
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