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| 1991 || || Japanese physicist {{w|Sumio Iijima}} discovers the presence of carbon nanotubes in soot produced by vaporization of carbon in an electric arc. The finding would spark interest in carbon nanostructures and their applications.<ref name="Nano- and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems: Design and Fabrication"/> || {{w|Japan}}
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| 1992 || || "American molecular biologist {{w|Douglas Prasher }} reports the cloning of {{w| green fluorescent protein}} (GFP). This opens the way to widespread use of GFP and its derivatives as labels for fluorescence microscopy (particularly confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy)."<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||{{w|United States}}
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| 1993–1996 || || German physicist {{w|Stefan Hell}} pioneers a new optical microscope technology that allows the capture of images with a higher resolution than was previously thought possible. This results in a wide array of high-resolution optical methodologies, collectively termed super-resolution microscopy."<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
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| 2010 || || Researchers at {{w|University of California, Los Angeles}} use a cryoelectron microscope to see the atoms of a virus.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
