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| 1955 || || Polish physicist {{w|Georges Nomarski}} publishes the theoretical basis of {{w|Differential interference contrast microscopy}}. An optical microscopy technique used to enhance the contrast in unstained, transparent samples.<ref>Nomarski, G. (1955). Microinterféromètre différentiel à ondes polarisées. J. Phys. Radium, Paris 16: 9S-11S</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bigio |first1=Irving J. |last2=Fantini |first2=Sergio |title=Quantitative Biomedical Optics: Theory, Methods, and Applications |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=X7AkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA555&dq=1955+Polish+physicist+Georges+Nomarski&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzr7tu5DgAhWunOAKHVVvCNMQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=1955%20Polish%20physicist%20Georges%20Nomarski&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Optical Shop Testing |edition=Daniel Malacara |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=qMHKB1mKFr4C&pg=PA736&dq=1955+Polish+physicist+Georges+Nomarski&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjKzr7tu5DgAhWunOAKHVVvCNMQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1955%20Polish%20physicist%20Georges%20Nomarski&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
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| 1956 || Organization || The {{w|Italian Society of Microscopical Sciences}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About SISM |url=https://www.sism.it/SISM |website=sism.it |accessdate=30 January 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}}
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| 1957 || || American cognitive scientist {{w|Marvin Minsky}} patents the principle of confocal imaging. Using a scanning point of light, confocal microscopy gives slightly higher resolution than conventional light microscopy and makes it easier to view ‘virtual slices’ through a thick specimen.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
