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Timeline of microscopy

191 bytes removed, 18:33, 3 March 2019
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| 1931 || Technological development || German physicist {{w|Ernst Ruska}} along with {{w|Max Kroll}} at the Berlin Technische Hochschule develop the transmission electron microscope.<ref name="Immunohistology and Electron Microscopy of Anaplastic and Pleomorphic Tumors">{{cite book |last1=Leong |first1=Anthony S. Y. |last2=Wick |first2=Mark R. |last3=Swanson |first3=Paul E. |title=Immunohistology and Electron Microscopy of Anaplastic and Pleomorphic Tumors |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=cH9xuGCxS_cC&pg=PA33&dq=%22in+1938%22+%7Celectron+microscope+is+developed+by+%7B%7Bw%7CErnst+Ruska%7D&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz7Prw55XgAhVjs1kKHVJhCzMQ6AEIRjAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201938%22%20%7Celectron%20microscope%20is%20developed%20by%20%7B%7Bw%7CErnst%20Ruska%7D&f=false |ref=Immunohistology and Electron Microscopy of Anaplastic and Pleomorphic Tumors}}</ref><ref name="Nano- and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems: Design and Fabrication"/><ref name="The Chemistry of Molecular Imaging">{{cite book |last1=Long |first1=Nicholas |last2=Wong |first2=Wing-Tak |title=The Chemistry of Molecular Imaging |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=64CbBQAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA3&dq=1931+ernst+ruska&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjppdfRg5HgAhXcJ7kGHbf7BOUQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=1931%20ernst%20ruska&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 205 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=S2JSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56&dq=1931+ernst+ruska&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjppdfRg5HgAhXcJ7kGHbf7BOUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1931%20ernst%20ruska&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1932 || Technological development || Dutch physicist {{w|Frits Zernike}} invents the phase-contrast microscope, which allows for the first time the study of transparent biological materials.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}|-| 1932 || Technological development || {{w|Frits Zernike}} develops phase contrast illumination, which allows the imaging of transparent samples. By using interference rather than absorption of light, transparent samples, such as cells, can be imaged without having to use staining techniques.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 1935 || Technological development || The first scanning electron microscopes are introduced.<ref name="Biology Run Amok!: The Life Science Lessons of Science Fiction Cinema"/> ||
| 1939 || Technological development || {{w|Siemens}} launches the first commercial {{w|electron microscope}}.<ref name="Visual Approaches to Cognitive Education With Technology Integration">{{cite book |title=Visual Approaches to Cognitive Education With Technology Integration |edition=Ursyn, Anna |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=MzdCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&dq=~710+BC+%22The+Nimrud+lens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR-Niz9YngAhXSILkGHVv1CfMQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=~710%20BC%20%22The%20Nimrud%20lens&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1930 || Scientific development || Dutch physicist {{w|Frits Zernike}} discovers he could can view unstained cells using the phase angle of rays,and invents the [[w:Phase contrast microscopy|phase contrast microscope. His innovartion would not introduced until]].<ref name="History of Microscopes"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=GHOSAL |last2=SABARI |last3=AVASTHI |last4=SHARMA |first4=ANUPAMA |title=FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION, SECOND EDITION |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=VJNuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71&dq=In+1930+Frits+Zernike+angle+of+rays&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNx9WxhZHgAhVME7kGHYJrBhYQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=In%201930%20Frits%20Zernike%20angle%20of%20rays&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 1942 || Technological development || {{w|Ernst Ruska}} improves on the transmission electron microscope (previously buil by Knoll and Ruska) by building built the first scanning electron microscope (SEM) that transmits a beam of electrons across the specimen.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
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| 1942 || Literature (book) || E.F Canadian physicist {{w|Eli Franklin Burton }} and W.Kohl publish ''The Electron Microscope''.<ref name="The Growth of Electron Microscopy">{{cite book |title=The Growth of Electron Microscopy |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=o-IFp53_1-IC&pg=PA373&dq=1938+James+Hillier+builds+another+TEM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4zZnMgZHgAhWoHLkGHdfgDZgQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=1938%20James%20Hillier%20builds%20another%20TEM&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| 1942 || Organization || The {{w|Microscopy Society of America}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Microscopy Society of America |url=https://www.microscopy.org/about/history.cfm |website=microscopy.org |accessdate=30 January 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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