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{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}

This is a '''timeline of [[wikipedia:poliomyelitis|poliomyelitis]]''', describing major events, such as vaccine releases, historic epidemics, and major organizations.

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==Full timeline==

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! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location

| 1948 || Scientific development || Team led by American biomedical scientist [[wikipedia:John Franklin Enders|John Franklin Enders]], at [[wikipedia:Harvard University|Harvard University]], succeeds in culturing poliovirus in the laboratory outside of a living body. In 1949, the team publishes the experiments and findings, which would make mass production of vaccine possible. In 1954 the researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize.<ref name="The Battle Against Polio" /> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

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| 1955–1960 || Medical development || [[wikipedia:Polish American|Polish American]] medical researcher [[wikipedia:Albert Sabin|Albert Sabin]] develops an oral [[wikipedia:polio vaccine|polio vaccine]]. Initially overlooked due to Salk vaccine success, in 1957 the [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] authorizes mass vaccination of children living in areas suffering from poliomyelitis epidemics. By 1959, about 4.5 million people in Russia have received the oral vaccine, making the incidence of polio in that country decrease markedly by 1959. Due to these results, the Sabin vaccine is licensed for use in the United States <ref name="The Battle Against Polio" /> ||

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| 1961 || Report || As a result of the first immunization campaigns, only 161 poliomyelitis cases are recorded in the United States, down from 35,000 in 1953 to 5,600 by 1957.<ref name="POLIO: A REVIEW" /> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

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| 1962–1970 || Medical development || The Salk vaccine is gradually replaced by the oral Sabin vaccine for most purposes because it is easier to administer and less expensive.<ref name="Salk and Sabin: poliomyelitis immunisation">{{cite journal|last1=Pearce|first1=J M S|title=Salk and Sabin: poliomyelitis immunisation|doi=10.1136/jnnp.2003.028530|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1738787/pdf/v075p01552.pdf|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Persson|first1=Sheryl|title=Smallpox, Syphilis and Salvation: Medical Breakthroughs that Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZA0v9N7S2LgC&pg=PA274&lpg=PA274&dq=%221962%22+%22salk%22+%22sabin%22+%22replaced%22+%22cheaper%22&source=bl&ots=0yteLukXBG&sig=7rdPxMenyoRAWisTm48BhPlQvJk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN3s7Ox7bRAhUEDJAKHRn3C0UQ6AEIOzAF#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref> || Worldwide

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| 1979 || Program launch || [[wikipedia:Rotary International|Rotary International]] commits to provide oral polio vaccine to six million children in the [[wikipedia:Philippines|Philippines]] as part of its new '''Health, Hunger and Humanity (3-H)''' program. Following the success of the program, Rotary begins to work with [[wikipedia:Albert Sabin|Albert Sabin]] on a plan to immunize all children against poliomyelitis.<ref name="Kul Gautam – A History of Global Polio Eradication">{{cite web|title=Kul Gautam – A History of Global Polio Eradication|url=https://www.unicef.org/immunization/files/the_history_of_polio.pdf|website=unicef.org|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Philippines|Philippines]]

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| 1980 || Program launch || Brazil implements National Immunization Days against infantile paralysis as part of the strategy to eliminate poliomyelitis. The initial objective is to achieve high coverage to interrupt transmission of poliovirus, with an established target of vaccinating 95% of children younger than five years with oral poliovirus vaccine. By 1989, a case of poliomyelitis in Brazil is confirmed for the last time.<ref name="Participation in national polio immunization days: results of a vaccine coverage survey among children in 27 Brazilian cities">{{cite journal|last1=Rocha MelloI|first1=Maria Lúcia|last2=Moraes|first2=José Cássio|last3=Brendan|first3=Helena Aparecida|last4=Flannery|first4=Brendan|title=Participation in national polio immunization days: results of a vaccine coverage survey among children in 27 Brazilian cities|journal=Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia|doi=10.1590/S1415-790X2010000200010|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1415-790X2010000200010&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Brazil|Brazil]]

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| 1988 || Program launch || The World Health Assembly (WHA) launches a global goal to eradicate poliomyelitis by 2000. This goal is further moved to stopping transmission by end of 2005.<ref name="Kul Gautam – A History of Global Polio Eradication" /> || Worldwide

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| 1996 || Program launch || South African politician [[wikipedia:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] launches [[wikipedia:Kick Polio out of Africa|Kick Polio out of Africa]] campaign, with aims at eradicating the disease from Africa. By 2003, poliomyelitis remains in only three countries ([[wikipedia:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[wikipedia:Niger|Niger]] and [[wikipedia:Egypt|Egypt]]) out of 46.<ref name="Kul Gautam – A History of Global Polio Eradication" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Address by President Nelson Mandela at the launch of the "Kick Polio Out of Africa" Campaign|url=http://www.mandela.gov.za/mandela_speeches/1996/960802_polio.htm|website=mandela.gov.za|accessdate=10 January 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Africa|Africa]]

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| 1999 || Report || The last case of wild poliovirus (WPVs) type 2 is reported.<ref name="History of Polio" /> || [[wikipedia:India|India]] ([[wikipedia:Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh|Aligarh]])

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| 2002 || Achievement || European [[wikipedia:WHO region|WHO region]] is certified free of poliomyelitis.<ref name="History of polio BBC" /> || [[wikipedia:Europe|Europe]], [[wikipedia:Turkey|Turkey]], ex [[wikipedia:USSR|USSR]]

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| 2003 || Epidemic || Political and religious leaders of [[wikipedia:Kano|Kano]], [[wikipedia:Zamfara|Zamfara]], and [[wikipedia:Kaduna|Kaduna]] states in [[wikipedia:Nigeria|Nigeria]] bring the immunization campaign to a halt by calling on parents not to allow their children to be immunized. Polio immunization is suspended, thus leading to poliomyelitis outbreak and reinfecting at least other six countries ([[wikipedia:Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[wikipedia:Central African Republic|Central African Republic]], [[wikipedia:Chad|Chad]], [[wikipedia:Côte d’Ivoire|Côte d’Ivoire]], [[wikipedia:Mali|Mali]], and [[wikipedia:Sudan|Sudan]]).<ref name="Kul Gautam – A History of Global Polio Eradication" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jegede|first1=Ayodele Samuel|title=What Led to the Nigerian Boycott of the Polio Vaccination Campaign?|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040073|pmc=1831725}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Africa|Africa]]

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| 2012 || Report || Poliomyelitis remains officially endemic in four countries.<ref name="History of polio BBC" /> || [[wikipedia:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[wikipedia:Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[wikipedia:Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[wikipedia:India|India]]

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| 2015 || Achievement || Poliovirus serotype WPV2 is declared eradicated worldwide.<ref name="History of Polio" /><ref name="Global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 declared">{{cite web|title=Global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 declared|url=http://polioeradication.org/news-post/global-eradication-of-wild-poliovirus-type-2-declared/|website=polioeradication.org|accessdate=9 January 2017}}</ref> ||

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==See also==