Changes

This is a '''timeline of {{w|recycling}}''', attempting to describe significant events in the history of this industry. == Sample questions == The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline: * How did recycling for every material evolve throughout time and what types of recycling industries are there?** Sort the full timeline by "Category".** You will mostly see a categorization discriminating recycling by material or type of recycling.** For events related to all materials in general, look for rows with value "General".* What are some milestone recycling practice introductions?** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Industry". This type of event aims to describe the introduction of the practice rather than the introduction of a recycling system.* What are some notable recycling systems introduced throughout history?** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "System introduction".** You will see a variety of systems ranging from ancient methods like bronze scrap recovery systems, old methods like some of paper recycling, to contemporary systems using modern machinery for industries like electronic and curbside recycling.* What are some notable introduced governmental policies concerning recycling? ** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Policy".** You will see some important regulations, like the influential Operation National Sword in China.* What are some notable non-profit organizations advocating and operating in the recycling industry?** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Organization (non-profit)".** You will see large global organizations like {{w|Bureau of International Recycling}}, as well as other smaller non-profits.* What are some notable companies operating in the recycling industry?** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Organization (for-profit)".** You will read names like {{w|Remondis}}, an old company in Germany, and {{w|Tyrelessly}} in India, etc.* What are some notable numbers illustrating the size of the recycling industry around the world?** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Statistics".

| Ancient times || As early as 400 BC, people are known to recycle. Archaeological evidence indicates that glass is recycled in the ancient city of {{w|Sagalassos}}, ({{w|Turkey}}), during the imperial Byzantine times.<ref>{{cite web|title=A geochemical study of Roman to early Byzantine Glass from Sagalassos, South-west Turkey|url=http://www.academia.edu/2706905/A_geochemical_study_of_Roman_to_early_Byzantine_Glass_from_Sagalassos_South-west_Turkey|website=academia.edu|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref> Early Romans are also found to recycle bronze coins into statues that could be sold at a higher monetary value than the original coins.<ref name="History of Recycling">{{cite web|title=History of Recycling|url=http://www.all-recycling-facts.com/history-of-recycling.html|website=all-recycling-facts.com|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref> Bronze scrap recovery systems are developed in Europe

| 20th Century || In the 1930s, many people survive the {{w|Great Depression}} by peddling scraps of metal, rags and other items.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> Goods such as {{w|nylon}}, {{w|rubber}} and many metals are rationed and recycled during {{w|World War II}}.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/>. Further in the 1940s ad 1950s, recycling becomes less important as landfilling becomes a cheap way to dispose trash. The 1960s see the rise of the {{w|environmental movement}}, which provoques public awareness and rises environmental consciousness. In the 1970s, a strong worldwide growth in support for energy conservation is triggered partly by the energy shortages and rising prices resulting from the emergence of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC),<ref name="Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia"/> thus recycling becomes more popular again and drop-off recycling centers are established.<ref name="History of Recycling"/> In the 1980s, major cities in the United States begin establishing {{w|curbside collection}} programs for plastics and other recyclables.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling"/> In the 1990s, municipal recycling programs are established throughout the United States and Europe.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage"/> {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} programs merge worldwide. "{{w|Single-stream recycling}} popped up in several California communities in the 1990s as a low-barrier entry into recycling."<ref name="thebalancesmb.com">{{cite web |title=Single-Stream Recycling and the Future of Waste |url=https://www.thebalancesmb.com/an-overview-of-single-stream-recycling-2877728 |website=thebalancesmb.com |accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="theatlantic.comsz"/>

! Year !! Category !! Type of event !! Event !! Geographical location|-| 3300 BC–1200 BC || {{w|Metal recycling}} || System introduction || Bronze scrap recovery systems are developed in Europe during the European {{w|Bronze Age}}.<ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycle">{{cite book|last1=Nongpluh|first1=Yoofisaca Syngkon|last2=Noronha|first2=Guy C.|title=Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycle|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bkcPCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=%22400+BC%22+%22plato%22+%22recycling%22&source=bl&ots=8EmBsrnMn5&sig=zB5vFQLHWLvNn5LxzlrybKxZH1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt0pf1r93VAhXMPpAKHVVvB6EQ6AEIYjAN#v=onepage&q=%22400%20BC%22%20%22plato%22%20%22recycling%22&f=false|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Europe}}|-| 2000 BC || {{w|Metal recycling}} || System introduction || Composting/Recycling methods, as well as recycling bronze for later use, are developed in {{w|China}}.<ref name="History of the Garbage Man">{{cite web|title=History of the Garbage Man|url=http://www.garbagemanday.org/history-of-the-garbage-man/|website=garbagemanday.org|accessdate=14 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|China}}|-| 400 BC || {{w|Glass recycling}} || Industry || Recycling may start as early as this time, when some civilizations take glass from conquered villages and reuse the glass in their own settlements. Recycling materials, such as glass, becomes necessary for survival, especially in times of disease, war, or famine.<ref name="HISTORY OF GLASS RECYCLING">{{cite web |title=HISTORY OF GLASS RECYCLING |url=http://www.clearintentions.glass/trash-talk-blog/2016/7/21/history-of-glass-recycling |website=clearintentions.glass |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || |-| 105 AC || {{w|Textile recycling}} || System introduction || {{w|Han dynasty}}. During this period the Chinese Minister for Agriculture Tsai Lun invents the idea of making paper from old linen rags.<ref name="paprec.comvv">{{cite web |title=THE HISTORY OF RECYCLING AROUND THE WORLD |url=https://www.paprec.com/en/understanding-recycling/recycling/history-recycling-around-world |website=paprec.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}}|-| 1031 || {{w|Paper recycling}} || Industry || The first ever recorded reuse of waste paper begins in {{w|Japan}}. Documents and paper are recycled and re-pulped into new paper then sold in local Staples across the country.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling">{{cite web|last1=Bradbury|first1=Matt|title=A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling|url=https://www.buschsystems.com/resource-center/page/a-brief-timeline-of-the-history-of-recycling|website=buschsystems.com|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="History of Recyclinge">{{cite web |title=History of Recycling |url=https://www.hintonswaste.co.uk/news/history-of-recycling-timeline/ |website=hintonswaste.co.uk |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="paprec.comvv"/> || {{w|Japan}}|-| 1500s || {{w|Metal recycling}} || Industry || Spanish copper mines use scrap iron for [[w:cementation (metallurgy)|cementation]] of {{w|copper}}. This recycling practice survives to this day.<ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycle"/> |||-| 1690 || [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || System introduction || The recycled paper manufacturing process is introduced when Rittenhouse Mill, Philadelphia starts manufacturing paper from waste paper and rags.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice">{{cite book|last1=Chandrappa|first1=Ramesha|last2=Bhusan Das|first2=Diganta|title=Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8c4h3qshpJYC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22500+BC+%22+%22+municipal+dump%22+%22greece%22&source=bl&ots=r8nfQY1DuD&sig=_01OsTMVBtNdE5_eP9SykeXKtb0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFoObqydDVAhVGg5AKHQf5Bi0Q6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=%22500%20BC%20%22%20%22%20municipal%20dump%22%20%22greece%22&f=false|accessdate=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="History of the Garbage Man"/><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/><ref name="paprec.comvv"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipst.gatech.edu/amp/collection/museum_pm_usa.htm|title=Papermaking Moves to the United States|accessdate=20 October 2007|publisher=Robert C. Williams Paper Museum, Georgia Institute of Technology}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1774 || {{w|Paper recycling}} || System introduction || A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper ({{w|deinking}}) is invented by [[w:German people|German]] jurist {{w|Justus Claproth}}.<ref name=PST1>{{cite book |last1=Göttsching|first1=Lothar|last2=Pakarinen |first2=Heikki |title=Recycled Fiber and Deinking|series= Papermaking Science and Technology |volume= 7 |year= 2000|publisher= Fapet Oy|location= Finland|isbn= 978-952-5216-07-3 |pages= 12–14 |chapter= 1}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1776 || {{w|Metal recycling}} || Industry || The first metal recycling is produced in the United States when patriots in {{w|New York City}} manage to melt down a statue of {{w|King George III}} and make into 42,088 bullets.<ref name="Scrap Recycling – recognized as one of the world’s first green industries…">{{cite web|title=Scrap Recycling – recognized as one of the world’s first green industries…|url=http://gachman.com/one-hundred-years-in-recycling|website=gachman.com|accessdate=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1800 || {{w|Paper recycling}} || System introduction || English papermaker {{w|Matthias Koops}} is granted the first patent for paper recycling. His patent application involves extracting ink from printed and written paper and converting the paper into pulp to make new paper. This process would be later adopted by paper mills worldwide.<ref name="Introduction to Paper Recycling"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1813 || {{w|Textile recycling}} || System introduction || Benjamin Law develops the process of turning rags into "shoddy" and "mungo" wool, through a process of combining fibres with virgin wool.<ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycle"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1865 || General || Organization (non-profit) || The Salvation Army is founded in {{w|London}}, and begins collecting, sorting and recycling unwanted goods. The Household Salvage Brigades employ the unskilled poor to recover discarded materials. In the 1990s, the organization and its program would migrate to the United States.<ref name="Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015">{{cite web|title=Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015|url=http://www.salvationarmy.org/ihq/news/inf150415|website=salvationarmy.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1874 || [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || Industry || The first municipal paper recycling in the United States starts in {{w|Baltimore}}, {{w|Maryland}}. A second one opens in New York City in the same year.<ref name="Introduction to Paper Recycling">{{cite web |title=Introduction to Paper Recycling |url=https://www.thebalancesmb.com/an-introduction-to-paper-recycling-4036123 |website=thebalancesmb.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1884 || {{w|Glass recycling}} || System introduction || {{w|Container-deposit legislation}}. An official recycling system for bottles with refundable deposits is established in Sweden.<ref name="Scrap Recycling – recognized as one of the world’s first green industries…"/> || {{w|Sweden}} |-| 1896 || General || Facility launch || An early major recycling center is started by the Benedetto family in {{w|New York City}}, where they collect rags, newspaper, and trash with a pushcart.<ref>{{cite book |title=Politics and Public Policy |edition=Barbara Wejnert |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5KFOn4Z0ZGYC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=%22The+first+major+recycling+center+was+started+by+the+Benedetto+family+in+New+York+City,+where+they+collected+rags,+newspaper,+and+trash+with+a+pushcart%22&source=bl&ots=LeToeCxiNB&sig=ACfU3U3NBiKOwGMaVD7Excr7vhBraIZLWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBo_WZ59HnAhUIG7kGHX3FA_YQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22The%20first%20major%20recycling%20center%20was%20started%20by%20the%20Benedetto%20family%20in%20New%20York%20City%2C%20where%20they%20collected%20rags%2C%20newspaper%2C%20and%20trash%20with%20a%20pushcart%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1897 || General || Facility launch || A materials recovery facility is buit in {{w|New York City}}, where trash is sorted at “picking yards” and separated into various grades of paper, metals, and carpet. Burlap bags, twine, rubber and even horse hair are also sorted for recycling and reuse.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1904 || {{w|Aluminium recycling}} || Facility launch || The first large–scale aluminum recyclers are operated in the metalworks of {{w|Chicago}}.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage|edition=Carl A. Zimring, William L. Rathje|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=VifrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT87&lpg=PT87&dq=%221904%22+%22aluminum%22+%22recycling%22+%22Chicago%22&source=bl&ots=9KDjfjw1M3&sig=SvCwJGqg2ZJEmfXW9IRW5sfNeYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-7Nicht3VAhWFI5AKHYKUDbUQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q=%221904%22%20%22aluminum%22%20%22recycling%22%20%22Chicago%22&f=false|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1907 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Background || The first synthetic plastic {{w|Bakelite}}, is produced. This marks the beginning of the global plastics industry.<ref name="Plastic Pollution">{{cite web |title=Plastic Pollution |url=https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution |website=ourworldindata.org |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> |||-| 1916–1918 || General || Organization (government agency) || Due to massive shortages of raw materials during {{w|World War I}}, the United States Federal government creates the {{w|Waste Reclamation Service}} with the motto “Don’t Waste Waste – Save It.”.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1926 || Sewage sludge recycling || Product || {{w|Milorganite}} is introduced as a brand of biosolids fertilizer produced by treating {{w|sewage sludge}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=President’s Message |url=http://www.gardeningnaturally.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Hoosier-Organic-Gardener-18-04-Min-Res.pdf |website=gardeningnaturally.org |accessdate=28 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1934 || General || Organization (for-profit) || German Recycling and waste management company {{w|Remondis}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learning from the Rethmann way |url=https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/latest-news/learning-from-the-rethmann-way/ |website=letsrecycle.com |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1939–1945 || General || Crisis-motivated recycling || Recycling and reusing materials become vital during {{w|The Great Depression}} and {{w|World War II}}, since resources and materials are limited and people can no longer afford to purchase new materials. Recycling and reusing become a symbol of the war, and a way for American’s back home to do their part to help the war effort.<ref name="HISTORY OF GLASS RECYCLING"/> |||-| 1939–1945 || [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || Crisis-motivated recycling || Paper recycling efforts resurface during {{w|World War II}} when, due to a major shortage of paper pulp, people are asked to save used paper and rags to make new paper.<ref name="Introduction to Paper Recycling"/> |||-| 1940 || [[w:Scrap|Scrap recycling]] || Crisis-motivated recycling || Nylon, elastic, used batteries and various scrap metals are recycled in {{w|Europe}} and the {{w|United States}} to benefit the [[w:World War II|war]] effort.<ref name="paprec.comvv"/> || {{w|Europe}}, {{w|United States}}|-| 1948 || General || Organization (non-profit) || The {{w|Bureau of International Recycling}} is formed. Headquartered in {{w|Brussels}}, it is considered to be the first federation to support the interests of the recycling industry on an international scale.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) |url=https://www.letsrecycle.com/supplier/bir/ |website=letsrecycle.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bureau of International Recycling (BIR) |url=https://lobbyfacts.eu/representative/199757d0b8be402c9a2abf0352dd6f75/bureau-of-international-recycling |website=lobbyfacts.eu |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bureau of International Recycling |url=https://www.cividesk.com/blog/post/bureau-international-recycling |website=cividesk.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Belgium}}|-| 1948 || {{w|Timber recycling}} || Notable product || A 100 meters tall tower of {{w|Golm transmitter}} near {{w|Potsdam}}, Germany is built from recycled timber from old radio towers. The tower would remain intact for 31 years.<ref name="timber">{{cite web |title=HISTORY OF RECLAIMED LUMBER |url=http://tntreclaimed.com/history-of-reclaimed-wood/ |website=tntreclaimed.com |accessdate=8 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1955 (1 August) || General || Publication || {{w|Life magazine}} offers a two-page article on “Throwaway Living”, selling to consumers the idea that single-use items are a necessity of the modern lifestyle. Ease and convenience would soon become the two most desirable qualities in product marketing, inevitably leading to parks, forests and highways becoming littered with garbage.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1960 || [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || Statistics || Recycling of paper and paperboard products in the United States is estimated at around 5 million tons.<ref name="Introduction to Paper Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1962 || General || Literature || {{w|Rachel Carson}} publishes {{w|Silent Spring}}, warning that, when you throw something away, it doesn't really go away.<ref name="Plastics in Food Packaging Conference">{{cite book|title=Plastics in Food Packaging Conference|publisher=Plastics Instit|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=_9BPbvE1QQ4C&pg=PA181&lpg=PA181&dq=%221551%22+%22andreas+Bernhart%22+%22packaging%22&source=bl&ots=YHqh8T0MQV&sig=Y-F2TRabnWNCOsgp4EYl0sy5xyo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT34Dj7dfVAhULgZAKHdr6BQgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221551%22%20%22andreas%20Bernhart%22%20%22packaging%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1962 || General || Organization (non-profit) || The United States {{w|National Waste & Recycling Association}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Waste & Recycling Association |url=https://wasterecycling.org/page/AboutUs |website=wasterecycling.org |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Descripción general de National Waste & Recycling Association |url=https://www.glassdoor.com.ar/Descripci%C3%B3n-general/Trabajar-en-National-Waste-and-Recycling-Association-EI_IE825838.12,52.htm?countryRedirect=true |website=glassdoor.com.ar |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Waste and Recycling Association (NWRA) |url=https://nerc.org/advisory-members/member-spotlight/2015/06/national-waste-and-recycling-association-(nwra) |website=nerc.org |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1964 || {{w|Metal recycling}} || Product || The {{w|aluminum}} {{w|beverage can}} is introduced and quickly becomes an industry standard.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage"/> || |-| 1965–1970 || General || Symbol introduction || American designer [[w:Gary Anderson (designer)|Gary Anderson]] introduces the symbol for Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, inspired in the {{w|Möbius strip}}.<ref name="Recycling">{{cite web|title=Recycling|url=http://recycling-by-jessamy-bryant.weebly.com/a-short-history-of-recycling.html|website=weebly.com|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1968 || {{w|Aluminium recycling}} || System introduction || The aluminum industry begins aluminum recycling.<ref name="Plastics in Food Packaging Conference"/> |||-| 1970 (April 22) || General || Annual event || {{w|Earth Day}} is founded in the United States by Senator {{w|Gaylord Nelson}} and globally by entrepreneur [[w:John McConnell (peace activist)|John McConnell]].<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> |||-| 1970 || {{w|Metal recycling}} || Crisis-motivated recycling || "Ban The Can" is conceived and executed by Ruth "Pat" Webb as the first post-{{w|World War II}} mass recycling program in the {{w|United States}} in {{w|Honolulu, Hawaii}}. Webb organizes military and civilian volunteers to collect over 9 tons (8,200&nbsp;kg) of metal cans from the roadways and highways of {{w|Oahu}}. The metal cans are later recycled into steel reinforcement bars to be used in local construction projects.<ref>1970 Navy Times Article</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1971 || {{w|Metal recycling, {{w|Glass recycling}} || Policy || The {{w|Oregon Bottle Bill}} is passed as a {{w|container-deposit legislation}} in {{w|Oregon}}, requiring cans, bottles, and other containers sold in Oregon to be returnable with a minimum refund value.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.oregon.gov/OLCC/bottle_bill.shtml/#Retailer_s_Responsibilities___Resources| title=Oregon's Bottle Bill| publisher= Oregon Liquor Control Commission| accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1972 || General || Facility launch || The first recycling mill is built in {{w|Conshohocken, Pennsylvania}}.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling">{{cite web|title=The History of Plastics Recycling|url=https://www.plasticsmakeitpossible.com/about-plastics/history-of-plastics/the-history-of-recycling-plastic/|website=plasticsmakeitpossible.com|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1973 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Facility launch || An early recycling center for plastic materials is created in {{w|Conshohocken, Pennsylvania}}.<ref name="paprec.comvv"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1974 || Waste recycling || Program launch || {{w|University City, Missouri}} starts offering {{w|curbside recycling}} to its residents.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1974 || Waste recycling || Program launch || The first multi–material [[w:Kerbside collection|curbside recycling]] program is launched in {{w|Canada}}.<ref name="Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia"/> || {{w|Canada}}|-| 1970s || {{w|Timber recycling}} || Industry || Industry pioneers on the {{w|East Coast of the United States}} begin selling of recycled lumber.<ref name="timber"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1980 || {{w|Fluorescent lamp recycling}} || System introduction || The first commercial lamp crusher in the world is introduced.<ref name="cfl-lamprecycling.com">{{cite web |title=Balcan Lamp Recycling Systems |url=http://www.cfl-lamprecycling.com/ |website=cfl-lamprecycling.com |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1981 || General || Policy || {{w|Woodbury, New Jersey}} becomes the first city in the United States to mandate recycling.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=William D.|title=The Solid Waste Handbook: A Practical Guide|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=a4GE5hR7UjYC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=%22in+1981%22+%22Woodbury%22+%22recycling%22&source=bl&ots=x02IyZWewM&sig=8Ynf7Jgo64iI7dmecXqArmKAQTg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwignIq5jt3VAhWEhpAKHQpIDLgQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201981%22%20%22Woodbury%22%20%22recycling%22&f=false|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycle"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1983 || Curbside recycling || System introduction || The {{w|blue box recycling system}} (BBRS) is launched in {{w|Canada}}, initially as a {{w|waste management}} system used by [[w:Canada|Canadian]] municipalities to collect source separating [[w:Municipal solid waste|household waste]] materials for the purpose of recycling. The first full-scale community wide BBRS is implemented in the [[w:Kitchener, Ontario|City of Kitchener]], Ontario. Today, the blue box system and variations of it remain in place in hundreds of cities around the world.<ref name="Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia">{{cite book|last1=Paehlke|first1=Robert|title=Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9WUqqgfrBHQC&pg=PA549&lpg=PA549&dq=%221983%22+%22Canada%22+%E2%80%9CBlue+box+recycling+system%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=UfT26v190x&sig=FfPRnnBVMSVd9wZLCZDmFiJobA8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinvNn2kN3VAhVChpAKHVicAQoQ6AEITzAJ#v=onepage&q=%221983%22%20%22Canada%22%20%E2%80%9CBlue%20box%20recycling%20system%E2%80%9D&f=false|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}|-| 1983 || {{w|Automotive oil recycling}} || Policy || The Used Automotive Oil Recycling Ac is passed in {{w|Washington State}}, requiring sellers of 100 gallons or more oil per year to post signs on used oil recycling and to identify the nearest oil collection center.<ref name="oil">{{cite book |title=Used Oil Recycling |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=V8v9qGhPS3AC&pg=PP3&lpg=PP3&dq=%22Automotive+oil+recycling%22+%22in+1930..2018%22&source=bl&ots=mlev75Ias7&sig=ACfU3U2RXSvMTgwZNtokxd4uUpSS52rk6w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv6auI9f7nAhW0K7kGHcLNAdAQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Automotive%20oil%20recycling%22%20%22in%201930..2018%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1984 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Statistics || Plastics recycling tops 100 million pounds in the United States for the first time in the history of plastics recycling.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1985–1989 || Curbside recycling || Program launch || Rose Rowan starts the first {{w|kerbside collection}} service for recyclables.<ref name="Recycling"/> || |-| 1986 || General || Policy || Rhode Island becomes the first U.S. state to mandate recycling, including some plastic bottles and containers.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1986 || {{w|Drug recycling}} || Program launch || The Shelf Life Extension Program (SLEP) is established by both the {{w|United States Department of Defense}} and the {{w|Food and Drug Administration}} as a federal program aiming to save government resources by extending the shelf-life of medications in military stockpiles.<ref name="Alhareth">{{cite journal |last1=Alnahas |first1=Faez |last2=Yeboah |first2=Prince |last3=Fliedel |first3=Louise |last4=Abdin |first4=Ahmad Yaman |last5=Alhareth |first5=Khair |title=Expired Medication: Societal, Regulatory and Ethical Aspects of a Wasted Opportunity |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/787/pdf}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1987 || [[w:Scrap|Scrap recycling]] || Organization (non-profit) || {{w|United States}}-based private, non-profit {{w|trade association}} {{w|Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISRI Time Capsule: ISRI Is Born |url=https://www.isri.org/news-publications/news-details/2017/01/04/isri-time-capsule-isri-is-born |website=isri.org |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1987 || Packaging recycling || Organization (for-profit) || Eltex Recycling is founded in Romania. It operates packaging waste recycling, among other specialties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eltex Recycling |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/eltex-recycling/about/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Romania}}|-| 1988 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || [[w:Recycling codes|recycling code]] introduction || The {{w|Society of the Plastics Industry}} (SPI) introduces a [[w:Recycling codes|recycling code]] system that helps with recycling plastic by numbers.<ref name="RECYCLING CODESs">{{cite web |title=RECYCLING CODES |url=https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/what-is-plastic/recycling-codes/ |website=plasticsoupfoundation.org |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1988 || General || Organization (for-profit) || ReCycled Refuse International Ltd is founded in Switzerland. It produces renewable energy through {{w|recursive recycling}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=RENEWABLE ENERGY THROUGH RECURSIVE RECYCLING from RCR |url=http://rcrcommodities.com/?page_id=180 |website=rcrcommodities.com |accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}|-| 1988 || {{w|Precycling}} || Concept development || The term ''{{w|precycling}}'' is introduced for a waste awareness campaign in Berkeley, California. It is the practice of [[w:waste reduction|reducing waste]] by attempting to avoid bringing items which will generate {{w|waste}} into home or business.<ref>{{cite web |title=Waste not, want not |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/oct/30/ethicalliving-waste |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1988 || Curbside recycling || Statistics || The number of [[w:Kerbside collection|curbside]] recycling programs in the United States increases to about 1,050.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1988 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || [[w:Recycling codes|Recycling code release]] || The Plastics Industry Trade Association (SPI) creates the Resin Identification Code to help recycling programs identify the resin content in plastic waste.<ref>{{cite web |title=The 7 Plastic Resin Identification Codes and the Significance of the Symbols |url=http://microdyneplastics.com/2015/08/recycling-codes-how-resins-relate-to-the-numerical-symbols/ |website=microdyneplastics.com/ |accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1989 || General || Organization (non-profit) || The {{w|Center for the Development of Recycling}} is founded at {{w|San Jose State University}}, {{w|California}}. It works on urban water conservation and recycling projects.<ref>{{cite web |title=Center for the Development of Recycling |url=https://www.recyclestuff.org/html/about.html |website=recyclestuff.org |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1990 || General || Program launch || The concept of {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) is first formally introduced by {{w|Thomas Lindhqvist}} in a report to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment. EPR is defined as an environmental protection strategy that makes the manufacturer of the appliance responsible for its entire life cycle and especially for the “take-back”, recycling and final disposal of the product.<ref>Thomas Lindhqvist & Karl Lidgren, "Models for Extended Producer Responsibility," in Sweden, October 1990.</ref> || {{w|Sweden}}|-| 1990 || {{w|Refrigerant reclamation}} || Policy || The {{w|United States Congress}} Clean Air Act of 1990 mandates that all chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and halocarbons, containing fluorine, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen (HCFCs) be reclaimed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Refrigerant Reclamation Tips |url=https://www.contractingbusiness.com/refrigeration/article/20861286/refrigerant-reclamation-tips |website=contractingbusiness.com |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1990 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || System introduction || {{w|Coca-Cola}} begins blending recycled plastics into its beverage bottles.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling"/> |||-| 1990s || General || {{w|Single-stream recycling}} || Single-stream recycling is introduced in {{w|California}}, as a system that combines all recyclable items such as paper, plastic, metal, and glass together in a collection truck, rather than being sorted into separate materials and handled separately throughout the entire process.<ref name="HISTORY OF GLASS RECYCLING"/> |||-| 1991–2011 || General || Policy || More than 70 {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) laws are enacted in the {{w|United States}}, generally requiring manufacturers to implement EPR programs, though without specifying recycling targets.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nash|first1=Jennifer|last2=Bosso|first2=Christopher|title=Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States|doi=10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.x/abstract|website=wiley.com|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref>|| {{w|United States}}|-| 1991 || Packaging recycling || Policy || {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) is adopted in Germany, after the German Packaging Ordinance is passed, extending to producers the responsibility for their products and packaging, beyond production and delivery through to the entire life cycle. Since the adoption, until 1998, the per capita consumption of packaging is reduced from 94.7 kg to 82 kg, resulting in a reduction of 13.4%.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressures">{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Michael H.|last2=Hargroves|first2=Karlson|last3=Desha|first3=Cheryl|title=Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressures|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Hanisch 170A-75A">Hanisch, Carola. "Is Extended Producer Responsibility Effective?" Environmental Science & Technology 34.7 (2000): 170A-75A. Web.</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1991 || General || Organization || The Salvation Army Trading Company Ltd (SATCoL) is established, in order to create jobs and benefit the environment through recycling.<ref name="Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015"/> |||-| 1991 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || System introduction || The first electronic waste recycling system is implemented in {{w|Switzerland}}, beginning with collection of old refrigerators but gradually expanding to cover all devices.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.swicorecycling.ch/en/about-us/|title=About us – Swico Recycling|website=www.swicorecycling.ch|accessdate=2015-07-29}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}|-| 1991 || General || Program launch || {{w|Germany}} introduced its recycling system with the "green dot" as a symbol.<ref name="Plastic waste and the recycling myth">{{cite web |title=Plastic waste and the recycling myth |url=https://www.dw.com/en/plastic-waste-and-the-recycling-myth/a-45746469 |website=dw.com |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1991–2017 || {{w|Tire recycling}} || Industry || The stockpile of scrap tires shrinks from over a billion to just 60 million in this period. According to the tire industry, tire recycling is a major success story.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Importance of Tire Recycling |url=https://www.thebalancesmb.com/the-importance-of-tire-recycling-2878127 |website=thebalancesmb.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> |||-| 1992 || Curbside recycling || Policy || The number of {{w|Kerbside collection}} programs in the United States reaches four thousand, up from just six hundred in 1989. With the rise of curbside recycling, industries abandon many of their buy–back programs and begin to rely largely on municipal services that require them to pay no extra fees.<ref name="Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism">{{cite book|last1=Elmore|first1=Bartow J.|title=Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=NhJ0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT240&lpg=PT240&dq=%22curbside+programs%22+%22united+states%22+%22in+1992%22&source=bl&ots=hnq2x__nZa&sig=yu3NI579A2QXfpO2hPcAj3Pk-Ws&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie0Kv8jNzVAhWKkZAKHZsKB74Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22curbside%20programs%22%20%22united%20states%22%20%22in%201992%22&f=false|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1993 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || {{w|Brussels}}-based non-profit<ref>{{cite web |title=Platform Members |url=https://www.epbp.org/members |website=epbp.org |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> European trade association {{w|Petcore}} is founded to promote the collection, sorting and {{w|recycling}} of post-consumer [[w:Polyethylene terephthalate|PET]] bottles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Petcore Europe |url=https://www.petcore-europe.org/images/news/pdf/Petcore-Europe_General-presentation_2019.pdf |website=petcore-europe.org |accessdate=15 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Belgium}}|-| 1993 || General || Policy || Israel issues its Law for the Collection of Recycling (1993).<ref>{{cite web |title=חוק איסוף ופינוי פסולת למיחזור, התשנ׳׳ג–1993|trans-title=Law for the Collection of Recycling |language=Hebrew |url=http://www.sviva.gov.il/InfoServices/ReservoirInfo/DocLib/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA/psolet09.pdf |publisher=State of Israel |website=Ministry of Environmental Protection |access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> This law provides the principles and the legal framework for recycling in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Waste and Recycling |url=http://www.sviva.gov.il/English/Legislation/Pages/WasteAndRecycling.aspx |website=sviva.gov.il |accessdate=22 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Science, Technology and American Diplomacy: Annual Report to the Congress : Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Science and Technology, U. S. House of Representatives, Volumes 8-12 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gQw2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347&dq=Israel+issues+its+Law+for+the+Collection+of+Recycling+(1993)&source=bl&ots=ASgn34m2TD&sig=ACfU3U01XS8AoABYncBV-g7ivcjLqbI8Ww&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFoObtgvvoAhUpHbkGHcQMC7cQ6AEwBnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Israel%20issues%20its%20Law%20for%20the%20Collection%20of%20Recycling%20(1993)&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Israel}}|-| 1994 || General || Concept development || The term ''{{w|downcycling}}'' is first used.<ref>[https://www.salvoweb.com/files/sn99sm24y94tk181119.pdf Thornton Kay, Salvo in Germany - Reiner Pilz, p14 SalvoNEWS No99 11 October 1994]</ref> It refers to the {{w|recycling}} of {{w|waste}} where the recycled material is of lower quality and functionality than the original material.<ref name="Pires2018">{{cite book|author=Ana Pires|title=Sustainable Solid Waste Collection and Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3hvDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=downcycling&f=false|year=2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-93200-2}}</ref> || |-| 1994 || Packaging recycling || Policy || A Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste is introduced by the European Union (EU) member states. The essence of the directive is that: “Packaging shall be designed…to permit reuse or recovery…and to minimize its impact on the environment when…disposed of.”<ref name="pdfs.semanticscholar.org"/> || {{w|European Union}}|-| 1994–2010 || {{w|Tire recycling}} || Statistics || The {{w|European Union}} increases the amount of tires recycled from 25% of annual discards to nearly 95%, with roughly half of the end-of-life tires used for energy, mostly in cement manufacturing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sienkiewicz|first1=Maciej|last2=Kucinska-Lipka|first2=Justyna|last3=Janik|first3=Helena|last4=Balas|first4=Adolf|title=Progress in used tyres management in the European Union: A review|journal=Waste Management|date=October 2012|volume=32|issue=10|pages=1742–1751|doi=10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.010|pmid=22687707}}</ref> || {{w|European Union}}|-| 1995 || {{w|Aluminum recycling}} || Statistics || A record 47.6 billion soft drink containers are recycled in the {{w|United States}}, an increase of 500 million over the previous year. Aluminum cans are recycled at a rate of 63% in the country, with the highest state-wide rate in California at 80%.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> |||-| 1995 || Packaging recycling || Organization (non-profit) || The {{w|Packaging Recovery Organisation Europe}} is founded as the umbrella organization of 31 national producer responsibility systems engaged in the selective collection and recycling of packaging waste.<ref>{{cite web|title=PRO Europe Website.|url=http://www.pro-e.org/|website=pro-e.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || |-| 1995 || {{w|Land recycling}} || Program launch || {{w|Pennsylvania}}'s Land Recycling Program is introduced as a package of laws passed by the legislature with the purpose to redevelop {{w|brownfield land}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Land Recycling Program |url=https://www.innovations.harvard.edu/land-recycling-program |website=harvard.edu |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1996 || General || Statistics || Recycling in the United States is rated at 25%, with the {{w|United States Environmental Protection Agency}} setting a new goal of 35%.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1996 || General || System introduction || Norwegian companies {{w|Elopak}} and {{w|SINTEF}} team up to sell the first infra-red sorting machine.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|Germany}}|-| 1996 || General || Criticism || Columnist John Tierney writes in a {{w|New York Times Magazine}} article that “recycling is garbage.” “Mandatory recycling programs […] offer mainly short-term benefits to a few groups—politicians, public relations consultants, environmental organizations and waste handling corporations—while diverting money from genuine social and environmental problems. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.”<ref name="The Pros and Cons of Recycling">{{cite web |title=The Pros and Cons of Recycling |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/benefits-of-recycling-outweigh-the-costs-1204141 |website=thoughtco.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=4 Reasons Recycling Is Worth Its Associated Costs |url=https://www.hazardouswasteexperts.com/4-reasons-recycling-is-worth-its-associated-costs/ |website=hazardouswasteexperts.com |accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1997 || General || Program launch || {{w|America Recycles Day}} is created on November 15 by the National Recycling Coalition. Every year since then, the President of the United States usually issues a [[w:Presidential proclamation (United States)|Presidential Proclamation]] recognizing this day and encourage his fellow Americans to commit to the act of recycling.<ref name="America Recycles Dayd">{{cite web |title=America Recycles Day |url=http://www.holidayscalendar.com/event/america-recycles-day/ |website=holidayscalendar.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1997 || {{w|Mobile phone recycling}} || Program launch || The first take back pilot program for mobile phone recycling takes place in Europe. It is run in Sweden and United Kingdom and is executed by member companies of the European Telecommunications and Professional Electronics Industry association., a group consisting of six mobile phone manufacturers.<ref name="Enri Damanhuri">{{cite book |title=Post-Consumer Waste Recycling and Optimal Production |edition=Enri Damanhuri |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ueKdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22Mobile+phone+recycling%22+%22in+1990..2018%22&source=bl&ots=1JHpaqEIp2&sig=ACfU3U0wkeryinKDvPKa2t3ayZsDWcZqUQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT4qey4vznAhUCE7kGHaIoAcsQ6AEwFXoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Mobile%20phone%20recycling%22%20%22in%201990..2018%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Sweden}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1997 || {{w|Vehicle recycling}} || Program launch || The {{w|European Commission}} adopts a Proposal for a Directive which makes vehicle dismantling and recycling more environmentally friendly, seting clear quantified targets for reuse, recycling and recovery of vehicles and their components and pushing producers to manufacture new vehicles also with a view to their recyclability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commission proposes Directive on environmentally friendly handling of End of Life Vehicles |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_97_625 |website=ec.europa.eu |accessdate=8 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|European Union}}|-| 1998 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Policy || {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) is adopted in {{w|Taiwan}} for electrical and electronic equipment, requiring producers to take back and recycle products such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air–conditioners and computers, regardless of where they are sold.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressures"/> || {{w|Taiwan}}|-| 1998 || General || Policy || {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} programs (EPR) start being adopted in {{w|Switzerland}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=A comparison of electronic waste recycling in Switzerland and in India|url=http://oldweb.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/*/51479/---/l=2|website=empa.ch|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}|-| 1998 || Curbside recycling || Organization || Ukranian {{w|state enterprise}} {{w|Ukrecoresursy}} launches with the purpose to provide waste recycling services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrecoresursy |url=http://eco-invest.org.ua/en/partners_partners/#.XkTN7Gj0mUm |website=eco-invest.org.ua/ |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Recycling Around the World A-Z: Ukraine |url=https://www.recyclingbins.co.uk/blog/recycling-around-the-world-ukraine/ |website=recyclingbins.co.uk |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Ukraine}}|-| 1998 || General || Statistics || The number of roadside recycling programs in the United States reaches 9,000, with 12,000 recyclable drop-off centers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Recycling Around the World|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4620041.stm|accessdate=16 December 2011|newspaper=BBC News|date=22 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 1999 || General || Policy || Norway introduces a scheme calling for manufacturers to establish regional collection centers to process the products, recycling where possible and economically viable.<ref name="pdfs.semanticscholar.org">{{cite web |title=Current Status of Extended Producer Responsibility Legislation and Effects on Product Design |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc6c/a43dfc2ccfd7a7f4c28ba4be64879208fccd.pdf |website=pdfs.semanticscholar.org |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Norway}} |-| 2000 || General || Study || The {{w|United States Environmental Protection Agency}} (EPA) confirms a link between {{w|global warming}} and waste, showing that reducing garbage and recycling cuts down {{w|greenhouse gas}} emissions.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> |||-| 2000 || {{w|Paper recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || The European Recovered Paper Council (ERPC) is set up as an industry self-initiative with the purpose of monitoring progress towards meeting the paper recycling targets set out in the European Declaration on Paper Recycling, which is published the same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=RECYCLING |url=http://www.cepi.org/taxonomy/term/14?page=2 |website=cepi.org |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || |-| 2000 || General || Organization (non-profit) || New Zelander non-profit organization {{w|Xtreme Waste}} is founded. It is dedicated to recycling.<ref>{{cite web |title=Xtreme Waste |url=http://xtremezerowaste.org.nz/our-story/ |website=xtremezerowaste.org.nz/ |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|New Zealand}}|-| 2000 || {{w|Concrete recycling}} || Statistics || Japan reaches a concrete recycling rate of 96%.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tam |first1=Vivian WY |title=Comparing the implementation of concrete recycling in the Australian and Japanese construction industries |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.11.015 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223313358_Comparing_the_implementation_of_concrete_recycling_in_the_Australian_and_Japanese_construction_industries}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}|- | 2001 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Policy || The Home Appliance Recycling Law comes into force in Japan, thus making recycling of waste electrics a legal requirement under the Specific Household Appliance Recycling Law and the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization Resources. Consumers are required to pay a combined fee for retailers to take back discarded air–conditioners, televisions, refrigerators and washing machines and for producers to recycle them.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressures"/><ref name="buekens">{{cite journal | last1 = Buekens | first1 = A. | last2 = Yang | first2 = J. | year = 2014 | title = Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review | url = | journal = The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | volume = 16 | issue = 3| pages = 415–434 | doi = 10.1007/s10163-014-0241-2 }}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}|-| 2001 || {{w|Metal recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || The {{w|British Metals Recycling Association}} is formed. It represents over 300 organizations working across the British metal recycling sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=BMRA celebrates 100 Years in Scrap |url=https://www.recyclemetals.org/newsandarticles/bmra-celebrates-100-years-in-scrap.html |website=recyclemetals.org |accessdate=15 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 2001 || {{w|Vehicle recycling}} || Policy || China implements its Management Rules of Recycling End-of-Life Vehicles.<ref>{{cite book |title=Cascade Use in Technologies 2018: Internationale Konferenz zur Kaskadennutzung und Kreislaufwirtschaft – Oldenburg 2018 |edition=Alexandra Pehlken, Matthias Kalverkamp, Rikka Wittstock |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=uP1oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Vehicle+recycling+%22in+1970..2015%22&source=bl&ots=I5UhsNNCTE&sig=ACfU3U0ThIwnoClbCwtlmGoO41wRhddbhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwister-huvnAhVeCrkGHbzMDMYQ6AEwDXoECAwQAQ#v=onepage&q=Vehicle%20recycling%20%22in%201970..2015%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}|-| 2001 || General || Policy || {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) is adopted in {{w|Japan}} with three basic laws setting the legal structure, establishing the 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), also mandating recycling fees which include consumers.<ref name="Assessing Extended Producer Responsibility LAWS in JAPAN">{{cite web|title=Assessing Extended Producer Responsibility LAWS in JAPAN|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es072561x|website=acs.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}|-| 2001 || {{w|Plasterboard}}/{{w|drywall}} recycling || Organization (for profit) || Danish company {{w|Gypsum Recycling International}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gypsum Recycling International |url=https://stateofgreen.com/en/partners/gypsum-recycling-international/ |website=stateofgreen.com |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gypsum Recycling |url=http://www.gypsumrecycling.biz/15892-1_Companyprofile/ |website=gypsumrecycling.biz |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Denmark}}|-| 2001 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Policy || Japan enacts its Home Appliance Recycling Law, which introduces a recycling framework for household electric equipment.<ref name="OECDr"/> |||-| 2001 || {{w|Upcycling}} || Organization (for-profit) || American recycling company {{w|TerraCycle}} is founded with the mission to eliminate the idea of waste.<ref>{{cite web |title=TerraCycle in the news |url=https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/about-terracycle/news?page=554&show_= |website=terracycle.com |accessdate=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Promotional Strategies and New Service Opportunities in Emerging Economies |edition=Nadda, Vipin, Dadwal, Sumesh, Rahimi, Roya |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GZzgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=%22Upcycling%22+%22in+1950..2020%22&source=bl&ots=Qb4xnHezSw&sig=ACfU3U0OEUhceuTQM7yrP8Lfe8jUPxkdQA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy1fevnvroAhXlI7kGHfrHC94Q6AEwC3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Upcycling%22%20%22in%201950..2020%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 2002 || {{w|Textile recycling}} || Organization ({{w|non-profit}}) || The {{w|Carpet America Recovery Effort}} launches as a joint industry-government {{w|non-profit}} organization whose mission is to develop market-based solutions for recovering value from discarded {{w|carpet}}s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE) |url=https://www.recyclingproductnews.com/company/5490/carpet-america-recovery-effort-care |website=recyclingproductnews.com |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CARE 2012 Annual Report |url=https://carpetrecovery.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Carpet-America-Recovery-Effort-2012-Annual-Report.pdf |website=carpetrecovery.org |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 2002 || {{w|Glass recycling}}, {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Policy || {{w|New York City}}, an early municipal recycling pioneer, eliminates glass and plastic recycling, after finding that the benefits of recycling plastic and glass are outweighed by the price—recycling cost twice as much as disposal.<ref name="The Pros and Cons of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}|-| 2003 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Policy || The {{w|Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive}} (WEEE) is passed into {{w|European Law}}. It sets collection, recycling and recovery targets for all types of electrical goods. |||-| 2003 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Policy || The {{w|California Electronic Waste Recycling Act}} is signed, establishing a new program for consumers to return, recycle, and ensure the safe and environmentally sound disposal of video display devices, such as televisions and computer monitors, that are hazardous wastes when discarded.<ref name="electronic">Electronic Hazardous Waste. (2010). Retrieved from Department of Toxic Substances Control website: http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ewaste/</ref> || {{w|United States}}|-| 2003 || Curbside recycling || Organization (non-profit) || American independent {{w|501(c)3}} {{w|Curbside Value Partnership}} is founded. It is a non-profit<ref>{{cite web |title=The Recycling Partnership |url=http://www.cancentral.com/recycling-sustainability/programs-initiatives/the-recycling-partnership |website=cancentral.com |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> organization operating {{w|Kerbside collection}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Recycling Partnership |url=http://www.cancentral.com/recycling-sustainability/programs-initiatives/the-recycling-partnership |website=cancentral.com |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Curbside Value Partnership changes name |url=https://www.recyclingtoday.com/article/curbside-value-partnership-name-change/ |website=recyclingtoday.com |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 3300 BC–1200 BC 2003 || {{w|Freecycling}} | Bronze scrap recovery systems are developed | Organization (non-profit) || {{w|The Freecycle Network}} (<code>freecycle.org</code>[https://www.freecycle.org/]) launches as a website in Europe during the European {{w|Bronze AgeTucson}}, {{w|Arizona}}.It coordinates a worldwide network of "gifting" groups to divert reusable goods from landfills. The network would grow into nearly 5,000 community-based Freecycle groups in over 85 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Freecycle Network: Good for the Planet (and Your Wallet) |url=https://www.aarp.org/money/budgeting-saving/info-11-2009/freecycle_network.html |website=aarp.org |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref name><ref>{{cite web |title=A Decade of Sharing: The Freecycle Network Turns 10 |url="Know all abouthttps: reduce, reuse, recycle"//earth911.com/business-policy/business/the-freecycle-network-10-years/ |website=earth911.com |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite bookweb |last1title=NongpluhFreecycle |first1url=Yoofisaca Syngkonhttps://anjr.com/njwastewise/2012/Freecycle%20booklet.pdf |last2website=Noronhaanjr.com |first2accessdate=Guy C13 February 2020}}</ref> Freecycling is the act of giving away usable unwanted items to others instead of disposing of them in {{w|landfill}}s.<ref name="Norton2007">{{cite book|author=Michael Norton|title=Know all about365 Ways To Change the World: reduce, reuse, recycleHow to Make a Difference – One Day at a Time|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bkcPCAAAQBAJlsI-VF58i5cC&pg=PT79&lpgPA61|date=PT79&dq2007|publisher=%22400+BC%22+%22plato%22+%22recycling%22Simon &source=bl&ots=8EmBsrnMn5&sigSchuster|isbn=zB5vFQLHWLvNn5LxzlrybKxZH1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt0pf1r93VAhXMPpAKHVVvB6EQ6AEIYjAN#v=onepage&q=%22400%20BC%22%20%22plato%22%20%22recycling%22&f=false978-1-4165-4832-4|accessdatepages=17 August 201761–}}</ref> || {{w|EuropeUnited States}}

| 2000 BC 2003 || {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || Composting/Recycling methods, as well The {{w|e-Stewards}} initiative launches as an electronics waste recycling bronze for later use, are developed in standard created by the {{w|ChinaBasel Action Network}}.<ref name="History of the Garbage Man">{{cite web|title=History of the Garbage ManWhat are R2 and e-Stewards Certifications? |url=httphttps://wwwgreencitizen.garbagemanday.orgcom/historywhat-ofare-ther2-and-e-steward-certifications/ |website=greencitizen.com |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> It is a non-garbageprofit organization that offers recycling solutions for enterprises, recyclers, and consumers.<ref>{{cite web |title=e-manStewards |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/e-stewards |website=garbagemandaycrunchbase.orgcom |accessdate=14 August 201725 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|ChinaUnited States}}

| 1031 2003 || Curbside recycling || Policy || The first ever recorded reuse of waste paper begins British {{w|Household Waste Recycling Act 2003}} requires local authorities in {{w|JapanEngland}}. Documents and paper are recycled and re-pulped into new paper then sold in local Staples across the countryto provide every household with a separate collection of at least two types of recyclable materials by 2010.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling">{{cite web|last1=Bradbury|first1=Matt|title=A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling|url=httpshttp://www.buschsystemsfoe.co.comuk/campaigns/resource-centerwaste/pagenews/a-brief-timeline-recycling_bill_success.html|title=Friends of-theEarth -history-of-recycling|website=buschsystems.com"Recycling Bill success!"|accessdatepublisher=15 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|JapanUnited Kingdom}}

| 1500s 2003 || {{w|Appliance recycling}} || Policy | Spanish copper mines use scrap iron for [[w:cementation (metallurgy)|cementation]] of The {{w|copperCalifornia Electronic Waste Recycling Act}}is signed. This recycling practice survives It establishes a new program for consumers to this dayreturn, recycle, and ensure the safe and environmentally sound disposal of video display devices, such as televisions and computer monitors, that are hazardous wastes when discarded.<ref name="Know all aboutelectronic">Electronic Hazardous Waste. (2010). Retrieved from Department of Toxic Substances Control website: reduce, reuse, recycle"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ewaste/</ref> ||{{w|United States}}

| 1690 2004 || {{w|Vegetable oil recycling}} || Policy || The recycled paper manufacturing process is introduced when Rittenhouse Mill, Philadelphia starts manufacturing paper from waste paper different Belgian regions impose collection and recycling targets on producers of frying oils and ragsfrying fats.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and PracticeExploration of the">{{cite book|last1=Chandrappa|first1=Ramesha|last2=Bhusan Das|first2=Digantaweb |title=Solid Waste Management: Principles and PracticeExploration of the Role of Extended Producer Responsibility for the circular economy in the Netherlands |url=https://bookslap3.googlenl/publish/pages/138151/ernst_young_exploration_of_the_role_of_extended_producer_responsibility_for_the_circular_economy_in_.com.ar/books?idpdf |website=8c4h3qshpJYC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22500+BC+%22+%22+municipal+dump%22+%22greece%22&source=bl&ots=r8nfQY1DuD&sig=_01OsTMVBtNdE5_eP9SykeXKtb0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFoObqydDVAhVGg5AKHQf5Bi0Q6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=%22500%20BC%20%22%20%22%20municipal%20dump%22%20%22greece%22&f=false|accessdate=12 August 20173 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="History of the Garbage Man"/><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United StatesBelgium}}

| 1776 2005 || || The first metal recycling is produced in the United States when patriots in {{w|New York CitySingle-stream recycling}} manage to melt down || Statistics || About a statue fifth of all communities in the United States with recycling programs use {{w|King George IIIsingle-stream recycling}} and make into 42,088 bullets.<ref name="Scrap Recycling – recognized as one of the world’s first green industries…theatlantic.comsz">{{cite web|title=Scrap Single-Stream Recycling – recognized as one of the world’s first green industries…Is Easier for Consumers, but Is It Better? |url=httphttps://gachmanwww.theatlantic.com/onetechnology/archive/2014/09/single-hundredstream-yearsrecycling-inis-easier-for-consumers-but-is-it-recyclingbetter/380368/ |website=gachmantheatlantic.com|accessdate=15 August 201721 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1813 2005 || Technology {{w|Aircraft recycling}} || System introduction ||{{w| Benjamin Law develops Airbus}} becomes a pioneer in the process field of turning rags into "shoddy" and "mungo" woolaircraft recycling when it launches PAMELA, through a process project that demonstrates that up to 85% of combining fibres with virgin wooleach aircraft’s components could be safely and effectively reused, recovered or recycled, compared to just 60% before the project’s inception.<ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse, recycleairport-technology.com"/> {{cite web |last1=Grey |first1=Eva |title=Aircraft recycling: up to the challenge |url=https://www.airport-technology.com/features/featureaircraft-recycling-up-to-the-challenge-5710942/ | {{wwebsite=airport-technology.com |United Kingdomaccessdate=22 April 2020}}</ref> ||

| 1865 2005 || {{w|Aircraft recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || The Salvation Army {{w|Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association}} is founded in Londonby 11 organizations from various sectors of the aircraft industry, including {{w|Boeing}}, Europe Aviation and begins collecting{{w|Rolls Royce}}, sorting which agree to join forces to develop an industry code of conduct and recycling unwanted goods. The Household Salvage Brigades employ industry-developed recommended best practice in the unskilled poor to recover discarded areas of aircraft dismantling and materials. In the 1990s, the organization and its program would migrate to the United Statesrecycling.<ref name="Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015">{{cite web|title=Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association Accredits Two More Recyclers |url=httphttps://www.salvationarmyrecyclingtoday.orgcom/ihqarticle/newsafra-aircraft-recycling-demolition-aels/inf150415|website=salvationarmyrecyclingtoday.orgcom |accessdate=17 August 201722 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}

| 1884 2005 || {{w|Vehicle recycling}} | An official recycling system for bottles with refundable deposits is established | Policy || Japan passes its Automobile Recycling Law, the first in SwedenAsia.<ref name="Scrap Recycling – recognized as one Roy Serrona">{{cite journal |last1=Chea |first1=Jia |last2=Jeong-soo |first2=Yu |last3=Roy Serrona |first3=Kevin |title=End-of the world’s first green industries…"-life vehicle recycling and international cooperation between Japan, China and Korea: Present and future scenario analysis |doi=10.1016/S1001-0742(11)61103-0 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074211611030}}</ref> || {{w|SwedenJapan}}

| 1897 2006 || Facility {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || A materials recovery facility is buit in The {{w|New York CityWorld Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association}}launches. It is a not-for-profit<ref>{{cite web |title=World Reuse, where trash is sorted at “picking yards” Repair and separated into various grades Recycling Association |url=http://wr3a.net/ |website=wr3a.net |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> business {{w|consortium}} dedicated to the reform of the trade of paper, metals{{w|e-waste}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Reuse, Repair and carpetRecycling Association |url=https://www.morebooks. Burlap bagsde/store/gb/book/world-reuse, twine, rubber -repair-and even horse hair are also sorted for -recycling and reuse-association/isbn/978-613-3-66974-1 |website=morebooks.de |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref name><ref>{{cite web |title="A Brief Timeline of the History of Frequently Asked Questions about Fair Trade Recycling"|url=http://> ingenthron.net/mission/faq.html |website=ingenthron.net/ | {{w|United Statesaccessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref> ||

| 1904 2006 || Facility {{w|Battery recycling}} || Policy || The first large–scale aluminum recyclers are operated in European Union passes the metalworks of {{w|ChicagoBattery Directive}}, one of the aims of which is a higher rate of battery recycling. The [[w:European Union|EU]] directive states that at least 25% of all the EU's used batteries must be collected by 2012, and rising to no less than 45% by 2016, of which at least 50% must be recycled.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbagebbc">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste: The Social Science of Garbage|edition=Carl A. Zimring, William L. Rathjenews |url=httpshttp://booksnews.googlebbc.comco.aruk/2/hi/europe/books?id4969544.stm|title=VifrCgAAQBAJ&pgEU agrees battery recycling law|date=PT87&lpg=PT87&dq=%221904%22+%22aluminum%22+%22recycling%22+%22Chicago%22&source=bl&ots=9KDjfjw1M3&sig=SvCwJGqg2ZJEmfXW9IRW5sfNeYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-7Nicht3VAhWFI5AKHYKUDbUQ6AEIPTAE#v=onepage&q3 May 2006|work=%221904%22%20%22aluminum%22%20%22recycling%22%20%22Chicago%22&f=falseBBC Online|accessdate=17 August 201722 October 2010}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesEuropean Union}}

| 1916–1918 2006 || Organization {{w|Upcycling}} || Program launch || The {{w|Recycled Orchestra of Cateura}} in {{w|Paraguay}} is created by the program [http://www.sonidosdelatierra.org.py/ Sounds of the Earth], directed by {{w| Due to massive shortages Luis Szaran}}. The instruments of raw the orchestra are made from materials during taken from the landfill of {{w|World War IAsunción}}, whose name comes from the United States Federal government creates {{w|Cateura}} lagoon in the area.<ref name="National Public Radio 14 September 2016">{{cite news |last= Tsioulcas |first= Anastasia | authorlink= |title= From Trash To Triumph: The Recycled Orchestra|url= https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2016/09/14/493794763/from-trash-to-triumph-the-recycled-orchestra| date= 14 September 2016|work= {{w|Waste Reclamation ServiceNPR}} with the motto “Don’t Waste Waste – Save It|location=Washington, D.”C.| accessdate= 21 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of RecyclingClassic FM">{{cite web |url= http://www.classicfm.com/artists/landfill-harmonic/pictures/landfill-harmonic-orchestra-pictures/|title= Landfill Harmonic: The Recycled Orchestra: making music on a landfill site |date= |website= www.classicfm.com |publisher= | accessdate= 21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesParaguay}}

| 1955 (1 August) || Publication 2007 || {{w|Life magazineElectronic recycling}} offers a two-page article on “Throwaway Living”, selling to consumers the idea || Policy || Five U.S. states pass laws requiring that single-use items are a necessity of the modern lifestyle. Ease and convenience would soon become the two most desirable qualities in product marketing, inevitably leading to parks, forests and highways becoming littered with garbageunwanted electronics be recycled.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1962 2007 || Publication {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || Non-governmental non-profit<ref>{{cite web |title=Stuart Gold is making money from turning Ghana's trash to tourists' treasure |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/strategy/strategy-stuart-gold-is-making-money-from-turning-ghanas-trash-to-tourists-treasure/e9zygk4 |website=pulse.com.gh |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> organization {{w|Rachel CarsonTrashy Bags}} publishes is founded in Ghana with the purpose to "contribute to cleaning up the streets of {{w|Silent SpringAccra}}". It turns plastic waste into reusable shopping bags, warning thatfashion accessories, when you throw something awayschool supplies, it doesn't really go awayand other products.<ref name="Plastics in Food Packaging Conference">{{cite bookweb |title=Plastics in Food Packaging ConferenceTrashy Bags |url=http://trashybags.org/ |website=trashybags.org |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publishertitle=Plastics InstitGhana’s pure water irony: Trashy bags it’s solution? |url=https://bookswww.googlemodernghana.com.ar/books?id=_9BPbvE1QQ4C&pg=PA181&lpg=PA181&dq=%221551%22+%22andreas+Bernhart%22+%22packaging%22&source=bl&ots=YHqh8T0MQV&sig=Ynews/188133/ghanas-pure-water-irony-trashy-bags-its-F2TRabnWNCOsgp4EYl0sy5xyo&hlsolutio.html |website=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT34Dj7dfVAhULgZAKHdr6BQgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221551%22%20%22andreas%20Bernhart%22%20%22packaging%22&fmodernghana.com |accessdate=false13 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesGhana}}

| 1964 2007 || Product {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Organization (for-profit) || The {{w|aluminumBuyMyTronics.com}} launches as an electronics resale business in {{w|beverage canDenver}}, {{w|Colorado}} is introduced and quickly becomes an industry standard.<ref name>{{cite web |title="Encyclopedia of Consumption and WasteBuyMyTronics.com |url=https: The Social Science of Garbage"//www.crunchbase.com/organization/buymytronics |website=crunchbase.com |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1965–1970 2008 || Symbol {{w|Paper recycling}} | American designer [[| Program launch || The {{w:Gary Anderson (designer)|Gary Anderson]] introduces USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recycling program}} launches in the symbol United States as a project for Reduceconsumers to recycle paper items, Reuse, Recycle, inspired using recycling bins placed in the {{w|Möbius strip}}customer lobbies of post office buildings.<ref name="Recycling">{{cite web|title=USPS Post Office Box Lobby Recyclingprogram |url=http://recycling-by-jessamy-bryantofficeschoices.weeblyblogspot.com/a2017/10/usps-post-shortoffice-historybox-oflobby-recycling.html|website=weeblyofficeschoices.blogspot.com/ |accessdate=16 August 201717 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1968 2008 || {{w|PET bottle recycling}} || Statistics || The aluminum industry begins aluminum amount of post-consumer PET bottles collected for recyclingand sold in the United States is approximately 1.45 billion pounds in this year.<ref name="Plastics in Food Packaging Conference"Dege>Nicholas Dege: The Technology of bottled water, p. 431, John Wiley & Sons, 2011</ref> ||{{w|United States}}

| 1970 (April 22) 2008 || General || {{wOrganization (for-profit) ||Earth Day}} Rubicon is founded in the United States by Senator . It provides a suite of {{w|Gaylord NelsonSaaS}} products for waste, recycling, and globally by entrepreneur [[wsmart city solutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rubicon |url=https:John McConnell (peace activist)//www.crunchbase.com/organization/rubicon-technologies |John McConnell]]website=crunchbase.com |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> ||{{w|United States}}

| 1971 2008 || Policy General || The {{wStatistics (infrastructure) |Oregon Bottle Bill}} is passed as a {{w|container-deposit legislation}} 48 recycling plants operate in {{w|Oregon}}Japan, requiring cans, bottles, and other containers sold in Oregon to be returnable with a minimum refund valuearound 380 sites are designated for collection.<refname="OECDr">{{cite webbook |title=OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Japan 2010 |publisher=OECD | url=httphttps://wwwbooks.oregongoogle.govcom.ar/OLCC/bottle_billbooks?id=joreYB1cQBQC&pg=PA160&dq=%22japan%22+%22recycling%22+%22in+1950..shtml/2018%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26rDT7oTpAhUSGbkGHeybBNIQ6AEIMDAB#Retailer_s_Responsibilities___Resources| titlev=Oregon's Bottle Bill| publisheronepage&q= Oregon Liquor Control Commission| accessdate%22japan%22%20%22recycling%22%20%22in%201950..2018%22&f=17 August 2017false}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesJapan}}

| 1972 2009 || Facility [[w:Scrap|Scrap recycling]] || The first recycling mill is built in Publication || American professor {{w|Conshohocken, PennsylvaniaCarl A. Zimring}}publishes ''Cash for your trash'', one of the first specialized studies about scrap recycling in the United States.<ref name="The History of Plastics Recycling">{{cite web|title=The History of Plastics RecyclingZimring, Carl A. Cash for your trash : Scrap recycling in America|url=httpshttp://www.plasticsmakeitpossiblescielo.combr/about-plasticspdf/history-of-plasticsrbh/the-history-of-recycling-plasticv33n66/en_a17v33n66.pdf|website=plasticsmakeitpossiblescielo.combr|accessdate=17 16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1974 || Program 2009 || {{w|University City, MissouriDrug recycling}} starts offering || Organization (non-profit) || [[w:SIRUM (organization)|SIRUM]] (Supporting Initiatives to Redistribute Unused Medicine) is launched by {{w|curbside recyclingStanford University}} to its residentsstudents as a nonprofit organization which advocates for drug recycling.<ref name>{{cite web |title=SIRUM |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/sirum/ |website="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"linkedin.com |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1974 2010 || Program {{w|Metal recycling}} || Statistics || The first multi–material [[w:Kerbside collection|curbside metal recycling]] program is launched industry generates US$64 billion in the United States in the year.<ref>{{wcite web |title=SCRAP METAL RECYCLING 101 – A GUIDE FOR COMPLETE BEGINNERS |url=https://verichek.net/scrap-metal-recycling.html |website=verichek.net |Canadaaccessdate=4 February 2020}}.</ref name="Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia"/> || {{w|CanadaUnited States}}

| 1977 2010 || Organization {{w|Concrete recycling}} || Zero Waste Systems Inc. (ZWS) Statistics || It is founded in Oakland, California, bringing with its name estimated that the term United States recycles approximately 140 million tons of concrete per year.<ref>{{wcite web |title=CONCRETE RECYCLING |url=https://www.yannuzzigroup.com/concrete-recycling.html |website=yannuzzigroup.com |zero wasteaccessdate=21 April 2020}}. </ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1981 2010 || Policy {{w|Mobile phone recycling}} || Program launch || {{w|WoodburyNokia}} introduces {{w|mobile recycling}} programs in {{w|Uganda}}, New Jersey{{w|Saudi Arabia}}, {{w|Lebanon}}, {{w|Sri Lanka}}, {{w|Uruguay} becomes the first city }, {{w|Pakistan}}, {{w|Panama}}, {{w|Belarus}}, {{w|Bosnia}}, {{w|Malta}}, and {{w|Ukraine}}, in the United States order to mandate promote a recyclingculture.<refname="Enri Damanhuri"/>|| {{cite bookw|last1=RobinsonUganda}}, {{w|Saudi Arabia}}, {{w|Lebanon}}, {{w|first1=William D.Sri Lanka}}, {{w|title=The Solid Waste Handbook: A Practical GuideUruguay}}, {{w|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=a4GE5hR7UjYC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=%22in+1981%22+%22Woodbury%22+%22recycling%22&source=bl&ots=x02IyZWewM&sig=8Ynf7Jgo64iI7dmecXqArmKAQTg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwignIq5jt3VAhWEhpAKHQpIDLgQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201981%22%20%22Woodbury%22%20%22recycling%22&f=falsePakistan}}, {{w|accessdate=17 August 2017Panama}}</ref><ref name="Know all about: reduce, reuse{{w|Belarus}}, recycle"/> {{w|Bosnia}}, {{w| Malta}}, {{w|United StatesUkraine}}

| 1983 2010–2011 || Program || The {{w|blue box recycling systemUpcycling}} (BBRS) is launched in || Trend growth || The number of products on {{w|CanadaEtsy}}, initially as a or {{w|waste managementPinterest}} system used by [[w:Canada|Canadian]] municipalities to collect source separating [[w:Municipal solid waste|household waste]] materials for tagged with the purpose of recycling. The first full-scale community wide BBRS is implemented word "upcycled" increases from about 7,900 in the [[w:KitchenerJanuary 2010 to nearly 30, Ontario|City 000 a year later—an increase of Kitchener]], Ontario. Today, the blue box system and variations of it remain in place in hundreds of cities around the world275%.<ref name="Conservation and Environmentalism: An EncyclopediaEntrepreneur">{{cite book|last1=Paehlke|first1=Robert|title=Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopediaweb|url=httpshttp://bookswww.googleentrepreneur.com.ar/books?idarticle/219310 |title=9WUqqgfrBHQC&pgUpcycling Becomes a Treasure Trove for Green Business Ideas |website=PA549&lpg{{w|Entrepreneur Magazine}} |date=PA549&dq=%221983%March 22+%22Canada%22+%E2%80%9CBlue+box+recycling+system%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=UfT26v190x&sig=FfPRnnBVMSVd9wZLCZDmFiJobA8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinvNn2kN3VAhVChpAKHVicAQoQ6AEITzAJ#v=onepage&q=%221983%22%20%22Canada%22%20%E2%80%9CBlue%20box%20recycling%20system%E2%80%9D&f=false, 2011 |accessdate=17 August 201721 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}

| 1984 2011 || Statistics {{w|Computer recycling}} || Program launch || Plastics Australia establishes its National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme to provide local households and small businesses with access to free industry-funded collection and recycling tops 100 million pounds in the United States services for the first time in the history of plastics recyclingtelevisions and computers, including printers, computer parts and peripherals.<ref name>{{cite web |title="The History of Plastics National Television and Computer Recycling"Scheme |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/protection/waste-resource-recovery/television-and-computer-recycling-scheme |website=environment.gov.au |accessdate=3 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesAustralia}}

| 1985–1989 2011 || Program {{w|Aircraft recycling}} || Industry || Rose Rowan starts the first {{w|kerbside collectionBoeing}} service for recyclablesstarts recycling carbon fibre.<ref name="Recyclingairport-technology.com"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1986 2012 || Policy {{w|Electronic recycling}} | Rhode Island becomes the first U| Statistics || More than 585 million pounds of consumer electronics are recycled.S. state to mandate recycling, including some plastic bottles and containersThis is an increase of 125 million pounds (more than 25%) over 2011.<ref name="The A Brief Timeline of the History of Plastics Recycling"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 1988 2012 || {{w|Single-stream recycling}} || Statistics (infrastructure) || The number As of year there are 248 [[w:Kerbside collectionMaterials recovery facility|curbsidematerials recovery facilities]] recycling programs operating in the United States increases to about 1,050.<ref name>{{cite web |title="A Brief Timeline of the History of What is Single Stream Recycling"? |url=https://www.charlevoixcounty.org/recycling/about_single_stream/index.php |website=charlevoixcounty.org |accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1990 2012 || Policy {{w|PET bottle recycling}} || Statistics | | 81% of the PET bottles sold in {{w|McDonald’sSwitzerland}} announces phasing out use of Styrofoam containers. The 20th-anniversary theme for Earth Day is recyclingin this year are recycled.<ref>{{cite web|title=McDonald’s Trials to Stop Using Styrofoam CupsOFEV |url=httphttps://www.care2bafu.admin.comch/bafu/fr/causeshome/mcdonalds-trials-to-stop-using-styrofoam-cupsdocumentation.html|website=care2bafu.admin.comch |accessdate=16 August 201721 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesSwitzerland}}

| 1990 2013 || Program || The concept of {{w|Extended producer responsibilitySingle-stream recycling}} (EPR) is first formally introduced || Statistics || As of year, 100 million Americans are served by {{w|Thomas Lindhqvistsingle-stream recycling}} in a report to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment. EPR is defined as an environmental protection strategy that makes the manufacturer of the appliance responsible for its entire life cycle and especially for the “take-back”, recycling and final disposal of the productprograms.<ref>Thomas Lindhqvist & Karl Lidgren, "Models for Extended Producer Responsibility," in Sweden, October 1990{{Cite news|url=http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-07/how-it-works-recycling-machines-separate-junk-type|title=How It Works: Inside The Machine That Separates Your Recyclables|last=|first=|date=|work=Popular Science|access-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|SwedenUnited States}}

| 1990 2013 || General || {{wProgram launch ||Coca-Cola}} begins blending recycled Operation Green Fence launches in China as an effort to start getting exporting countries to clean their recycling, their plastics into its beverage bottlesin particular.<ref name="The History of Plastics RecyclingAmerica’s new recycling crisis, explained by an expert"/> <ref>{{cite web |title=Why the world’s recycling system stopped working |url=https://www.ft.com/content/360e2524-d71a-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8 |website=ft.com |accessdate=26 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}}

| 1991–2011 2014 || Policy || More than 70 {{w|Extended producer responsibilityTextile recycling}} (EPR) laws || Statistics || Over 16 million tons of textile waste are enacted generated in the {{w|United States}}in the year. Of this amount, 2.62 million tons are recycled, 3.14 million tons are combusted for energy recovery, generally requiring manufacturers and 10.46 million tons are sent to implement EPR programs, though without specifying recycling targetsthe landfill.<refname="Textile and Garment Recycling Facts and Figures">{{cite journal|last1=Nash|first1=Jennifer|last2=Bosso|first2=Christopherweb |title=Extended Producer Responsibility in the United States|doi=10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00572.xTextile and Garment Recycling Facts and Figures |url=httphttps://onlinelibrarywww.wileythebalancesmb.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530textile-recycling-facts-and-figures-9290.2012.00572.x/abstract2878122 |website=wileythebalancesmb.comcomd |accessdate=17 August 20174 February 2020}}</ref>|| {{w|United States}}

| 1991 2014 || Policy General || {{wBackground ||Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) is adopted About 258 million tons of trash are generated in Germany, after the German Packaging Ordinance United States. 66.4 million tons are recycled and 23 million tons of this material are composted. A 34.6 percent recycling rate is passedcalculated. On average, extending to producers the responsibility for their products Americans recycle and packaging, beyond production and delivery through to the entire life cyclecompost 1. Since the adoption, until 1998, the per capita consumption 51 pounds of packaging is reduced from 94.7 kg to 82 kg, resulting in a reduction their individual waste generation of 134.4%44 pounds per person per day.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressureslbre.stanford.edu">{{cite bookweb |last1title=SmithFrequently Asked Questions: Benefits of Recycling |first1url=Michael Hhttps://lbre.stanford.edu/pssistanford-recycling/frequently-asked-questions/frequently-asked-questions-benefits-recycling |last2website=Hargroves|first2=Karlson|last3=Desha|first3=Cheryl|title=Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressureslbre.stanford.edu |accessdate=16 August 20179 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Hanisch 170A-75A">Hanisch, Carola. "Is Extended Producer Responsibility Effective?" Environmental Science & Technology 34.7 (2000): 170A-75A. Web.</ref><ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"/> || {{w|GermanyUnited States}}

| 1991 2015 || {{w|Plastic recycling}} | Organization |Statistics | The Salvation Army Trading Company Ltd (SATCoL) | An estimated 9 percent out of a cumulative 5800 million tons of primary plastic no longer in use is establishedestimated to have been recycled.<ref name="Plastic Pollution"/> In the year, an estimated 55 percent of global plastic waste is discarded, 25 percent is incinerated, in order to create jobs and benefit the environment through recycling20 percent recycled.<ref name="Exciting Plans Revealed for Salvation Army Shop at Boundless 2015Plastic Pollution"/> ||{{w|Worldwide}}

| 1992 2015 || Policy {{w|Tire recycling}} || Organization (for-profit) || {{w|New Delhi}}-based environment {{w|sustainability}} company {{w| The number of curbside programs in the United States reaches four thousand, up from just six hundred in 1989Tyrelessly}} is founded. With the rise of curbside recycling, industries abandon many of their buy–back programs and begin to rely largely on municipal services that require them to pay no extra feesIt provides {{w|tire Recycling}}.<ref name="Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism">{{cite bookweb |title=Ploughing on tyrelessly |last1url=Elmorehttps://www.thehindu.com/features/kids/Ploughing-on-tyrelessly/article14024617.ece |first1website=Bartow Jthehindu.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Citizen Coke: 16-YO Anubhav Wadhwa Has The Making of Coca-Cola CapitalismPerfect Alternative To Disposing Old Tyres Without Burning Them |url=https://bookswww.googleindiatimes.com.ar/books?id=NhJ0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT240&lpg=PT240&dq=%22curbside+programs%22+%22united+states%22+%22in+1992%22&source=bl&ots=hnq2x__nZa&sig=yu3NI579A2QXfpO2hPcAj3Pknews/india/16-yo-anubhav-wadhwa-has-the-perfect-alternative-to-disposing-old-tyres-without-burning-them-Ws&hl249520.html |website=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie0Kv8jNzVAhWKkZAKHZsKB74Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22curbside%20programs%22%20%22united%20states%22%20%22in%201992%22&f=falseindiatimes.com |accessdate=16 August 201720 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesIndia}}

| 1995 2016 || Statistics General || A record 47.6 billion soft drink containers are recycled in the {{wFinancial ||United States}}, an increase The recycling industry generates revenue volume of 500 million over US$160 billion throughout the previous year. Aluminum cans are recycled at a rate of 63% world in the countryyear, with the highest state-wide rate in California at 80%and employs around 1.5 million people.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recyclingpaprec.comvv"/> ||

| 1995 2016 || Organization General || The {{wStatistics ||Packaging Recovery Organisation Europe}} is founded as Study by the umbrella organization of 31 national producer responsibility systems engaged United States Recycling Economic Information (REI) finds that in a single year, recycling and reuse activities in the selective collection United States account for: 757,000 jobs, U$36.6 billion in wages, and US$6.7 billion in tax revenues. This equates to 1.57 jobs, US$76,000 in wages, and recycling US$14,101 in tax revenues for every 1,000 tons of packaging wastematerials recycled.<ref>{{cite web|title=PRO Europe Website.Recycling Basics |url=httphttps://www.pro-eepa.orggov/recycle/recycling-basics |website=pro-eepa.orggov |accessdate=17 August 20179 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1996 2016 || Statistics {{w|Paint recycling}} || Organization (non-profit) || Recycling Paintback is founded in the United States is rated at 25%, with the Australia as an industry-led non-profit<ref>{{wcite web |title=Paintback |url=https://www.paintback.com.au/about/who-we-are |website=paintback.com.au |United States Environmental Protection Agencyaccessdate=25 April 2020}} setting a new goal of 35%</ref> initiative "designed to divert unwanted paint and packaging from ending up in landfill and vital waterways".<ref name>{{cite web |title=Paintback |url="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recycling"https://recyclingnearyou.com.au/paint/ |website=recyclingnearyou.com.au |accessdate=8 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United StatesAustralia}}

| 1996 2017 (July) || Technology General || Norwegian companies Policy || China announces its Operation National Sword, a new regulation on imports of solid wastes as raw materials. The policy bans various plastic, paper and solid waste, including plastics such as {{w|polyethylene terephthalate}} (PET), {{w|Elopakpolyethylene}} (PE), {{w|polyvinyl chloride}} PVC and {{w|SINTEFpolystyrene}} team up to sell the first infra-red sorting machine(PS).<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of RecyclingAmerica’s new recycling crisis, explained by an expert"/><ref>{{cite web |title=COULD THE CHINESE NATIONAL SWORD INSPIRE GLOBAL RECYCLING INNOVATION? |url=https://recycling.tomra.com/blog/chinese-national-sword-inspire-global-recycling-innovation |website=recycling.tomra.com |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|GermanyChina}}

| 1998 2017 || Policy [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || {{wStatistics ||Extended producer responsibility}} (EPR) The recycling rate in the United States is adopted in {{w|Taiwan}} for electrical and electronic equipmentreported at 65.9%, requiring producers which is among the highest compared to take back and recycle products such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, air–conditioners and computers, regardless of where they are soldother materials in municipal solid waste.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental PressuresIntroduction to Paper Recycling"/> || {{w|TaiwanUnited States}}

| 1998 2017 || Policy General || {{wRecognition ||Extended producer responsibility}} programs (EPR) start being adopted in The World Economic Forum names {{w|SwitzerlandGermany}}recycling world champion.<ref>{{cite web|titlename=A comparison of electronic "Plastic waste and the recycling in Switzerland and in India|url=http://oldweb.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/*/51479myth"/---/l=2|website=empa.ch|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|SwitzerlandGermany}}

| 1999 2018 || Policy General || {{wProgram launch |Extended producer responsibility}} programs start adoption in {{w|Denmark}}, the The Global Recycling Day launches on March 18.<ref>{{wcite web |Netherlands}} and {{wtitle=Global Recycling Day 2020 to focus on recycling heroes |Norway}}url=https://www.recyclingtoday. com/article/global-recycling-day-bir-2020-focus-heroes/ |website=recyclingtoday.com | {{w|Denmarkaccessdate=4 February 2020}}, {{w</ref> |Netherlands}}, {{w|Norway}}

| 2000 2018 || Study [[w:Paper recycling|Paper/cardboard recycling]] || The {{wStatistics ||Recycling of paper and paperboard products in the United States Environmental Protection Agency}} (EPA) confirms a link between {{w|global warming}} and waste, showing that reducing garbage and recycling cuts down {{w|greenhouse gas}} emissionsis estimated to be of approximately 5 million tons.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Introduction to Paper Recycling"/> ||{{w|United States}}

| 2000 2018 || Organization {{w|PET bottle recycling}} || Statistics | The European Recovered Paper Council (ERPC) is set up as an industry self-initiative with the purpose | 90% of monitoring progress towards meeting the paper recycling targets set out PET bottles sold in {{w|Finland}} in the European Declaration on Paper Recycling, which is published the same this yearwere recycled. <ref>{{cite web |title=DEPOSIT-BASED SYSTEM |url=https://www.palpa.fi/beverage-container-recycling/deposit-refund-system/ |website=palpa.fi |accessdate=21 April 2020}}</ref> ||{{w| Finland}}

| 2001 2018 || Policy {{w|Electronic recycling}} || Product launch || {{w| The Home Appliance Recycling Law comes into force in JapanApple Inc.}} introduces Daisy, thus making a smartphone-recycling robot that can take apart 200 iPhones every hour. About 48,000 metric tons of electronic waste electrics a legal requirement under the Specific Household Appliance Recycling Law and the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization Resources. Consumers are required reported are reported to pay a combined fee for retailers to take back discarded air–conditioners, televisions, refrigerators and washing machines and for producers to recycle thembe diverted from landfills this year.<ref name="Cents and Sustainability: Securing Our Common Future by Decoupling Economic Growth from Environmental Pressures"/><ref name="buekens">{{cite journal | last1 = Buekens | first1 = A. | last2 = Yang | first2 = J. | year = 2014 web | title = Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review | url = | journal = The Journal of Material Cycles and World Has an E-Waste Management Problem | volume url= 16 | issue = 3| pages = 415–434 | doi = 10https://time.1007com/s101635594380/world-014electronic-0241waste-2 problem/ |website=time.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}

| 2001 || Policy 2018 || {{w|Extended producer responsibilityPaper recycling}} programs start adoption || Organization (for-profit) || RecyclePaperZA is established in South Africa.<ref>{{wcite web |Belgium}} and {{wtitle=RecyclePaperZA |Sweden}}url=https://recyclepaper.co. za/about-us/ |website=recyclepaper.co.za | {{w|Belgiumaccessdate=15 February 2020}}, </ref> || {{w|SwedenSouth Africa}}

| 2001 2018 || Policy General || {{w|Extended producer responsibility}} Statistics (EPRinfrastructure) is adopted in {{w|Japan}} with three basic laws setting | In the legal structure, establishing the 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)United States, also mandating recycling fees which include consumersthere are over 300 materials recovery facilities.<ref name="Assessing Extended Producer Responsibility LAWS in JAPAN">{{cite Cite web|title=Assessing Extended Producer Responsibility LAWS in JAPAN|url=httphttps://pubsresource-recycling.acs.orgcom/doirecycling/pdf2018/10.1021/es072561x01/sortation-by-the-numbers/|title=Sortation by the numbers|date=2018-10-01|website=acs.orgResource Recycling News|language=en-US|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 201723 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|JapanUnited States}}

| 2003 2018 (March) || [[w:Scrap|Scrap recycling]] || Policy || The China's Operation National Sword goes into full effect, banning 24 types of scrap and implementing much stricter and more rigorous contamination standards. As a result, local governments and the recycling industry begin to face an unprecedented recycling crisis, especially in plastics.<ref>{{wcite web |title=How American Recycling Is Changing After China’s National Sword |url=https://www.citylab.com/environment/2019/04/recycling-waste-management-us-china-national-sword-change/584665/ |website=citylab.com |Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directiveaccessdate=11 February 2020}} (WEEE) is passed into </ref><ref name="America’s new recycling crisis, explained by an expert">{{wcite web |title=America’s new recycling crisis, explained by an expert |European Law}}url=https://www.vox. It sets collection, com/the-goods/2019/4/2/18290956/recycling and recovery targets for all types of electrical goods-crisis-china-plastic-operation-national-sword |website=vox. com |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref> ||{{w|China}}

| 2003 2019 || Policy || The {{w|California Electronic Waste Recycling ActFluorescent lamp recycling}} || System introduction || The world's first LED lamp recycling system is signed, establishing a new program for consumers to return, recycle, and ensure the safe and environmentally sound disposal of video display devices, such as televisions and computer monitors, that are hazardous wastes when discardedintroduced.<ref name="electroniccfl-lamprecycling.com">Electronic Hazardous Waste. (2010). Retrieved from Department of Toxic Substances Control website: http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/ewaste/</ref> || {{w|United StatesKingdom}}

| 2007 2019 || Policy General || Five U.S. states pass laws requiring that unwanted electronics be recycledProgram launch || America Recycles Day becomes an integral part of the {{w|Keep America Beautiful}} campaign.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of RecyclingAmerica Recycles Dayd"/> || {{w|United States}}

| 2009 2019 || Publication {{w|Plastic recycling}} || Recyclability || American professor Swiss food company {{w|Carl A. ZimringNestlé}} publishes ''Cash for your trash''recognizes that certain types of plastic, including expanded polystyrene, one of the first specialized studies about scrap recycling in the United Statessimply cannot be recycled.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zimring, Carl A. Cash for your trash : Scrap recycling in America|urlname=http:"RECYCLING CODESs"//www.scielo.br/pdf/rbh/v33n66/en_a17v33n66.pdf|website=scielo.br|accessdate=16 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 2012 2030 || Statistics {{w|Plastic recycling}} | More than 585 million pounds of consumer electronics are | Program launch || {{w|Coca Cola}} intends to use 50% recycled. This is an increase of 125 million pounds (more than 25%) over 2011{{w|polyethylene terephthalate}} in its containers by this year.<ref name="A Brief Timeline of the History of Recyclingthebalancesmb.com"/> ||