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Timeline of robotics

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{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year !! Month and date !! Event type !! Details
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| 1500 BC || || || "One of the earliest mechanisms for telling time, the Egyptian Water Clock would often use bipedal humanoid figures as the mechanism for automatically striking hour bells. This is the simplest form of hydraulic power (converting the flow of water into energy)."<ref name="learn.g2.com">{{cite web |title=An Exhaustive History of Robotics |url=https://learn.g2.com/history-of-robots |website=learn.g2.com |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 400 BC || || || "Greek mathematician Archytas of Tarentum builds the first self-propelled flying device known as “The Pigeon” which was powered by steam and capable of short bursts of flight."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 320 BC || || || "Greek philosopher Aristotle made this famous quote: “If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it... then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.”"<ref name="The History of Roboticss">{{cite web |title=The History of Robotics |url=http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/technology/historyofrobotics.html |website=sciencekids.co.nz |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 300 BC || || || "300 BCE: Famous Greek philosopher Aristotle ruminates on the possibility of achieving total human equality with robots and machines by eliminating the then commonplace practice of slavery."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 278 BC–212 BC || || || " Archimedes (287-212BC) did not invent robots, but he did invent many mechanical systems that are used in robotics today, as well as advancing the field of mathematics."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
| ~270 BC || || || "An ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with movable figures. [2] The concept for his clock was fairly simple; a reservoir with a precise hole in the bottom would take 24 hours to empty its contents. The container was marked into 24 divisions. "<ref name="robotshop.coms">{{cite web |title=History of Robotics: Timeline |url=https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdf |website=robotshop.com |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1206 || || || "In 1206 Al-Jazari created the earliest form of programmable humanoid robots which was an automaton. This automaton appeared as four musicians on a boat in a lake and it had a programmable drum machine with pegs that bump into little levers that operated the percussion. Al-Jazari had many other automatons"<ref name="robotiksistem.coms">{{cite web |title=HISTORY OF ROBOTICS |url=http://www.robotiksistem.com/robotics_history.html |website=robotiksistem.com |accessdate=14 February 2020}}</ref>|-| 1495 || || || "Around 1495 Leonardo da Vinci sketched plans for a humanoid robot."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "Leonardo da Vinci designed what may be the first humanoid robot though it cannot be confirmed if the design was actually ever produced. The robot was designed to sit up, wave its arms, and move its head via a flexible neck while opening and closing its jaw"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/><ref name="learn.g2.com"/><ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>|-| 1533 || || || "Johannes Müller von Königsberg created an automaton eagle and fly made of iron; both could fly in 1533"<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
|-
| 1645 || || || "Blaise Pascal invented a calculating machine to help his father with taxes. The device was called the Pascaline [9] and about 50 Pascalines were built. Only a few can be found in museums such as the one on display in the Des Arts et Metiers Museum in Paris."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
|-
| 1709 || || || "Jacques de Vaucanson’s most famous creation was undoubtedly "The Duck." This mechanical device could flap its wings, eat, and digest grain. Each wing contained over four hundred moving parts and even today it remains something of a mystery. The original Duck has disappeared."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1737 || || || "Jacques De Vaucanson created some of the most famous automatons in 1737. His most famous work was ''The Digesting Duck'' which was capable of imitating a real duck by flapping its wings, eat grain, digest it, and defecate and was powered by weights."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
|-
| 1800 || || || "The French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson created three rudimentary robots; two of which could play a variety of musical instruments such as the flute or trumpet, while the third was a duck that could flap its wings, move, and even mimic eating."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1801 || || || "Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a machine (essentially a loom) that could be programmed to create designs that could be printed onto cloth or tissue."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1842 || || || "The Countess of Lovelace and renowned English mathematician Ada Byron writes the first algorithm for the analytics engine. While the Countess died before it’s completion, it did serve as the first recorded precursor to digital computers."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1865 || || || "John Brainerd created the Steam Man apparently used to pull wheeled carts and more. In 1885, Frank Reade Jr. built the “Electric Man” which is moreor-less an electric version of the Steam Man"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
|-
| 1898 || || || "Nikola Tesla unveils a submersible that can be controlled using radio waves. When asked if it was a remote-controlled torpedo, he replied by saying it was a “mechanical man, which will do the laborious work of the human race.”"<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 1900 || || || "Lyman Frank Braum introduces one of the first cybernetic humans in the form of the Tin Man from his children’s book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1903 || || || "The first patents were awarded for the construction of a “printed wire” which came into use after World War 2. The concept was to replace radio tube with something less bulky"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1913 || || || "Henry Ford installs the world’s first moving conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory. A Model T can be assembled in 93 minutes."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
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| 1917 || || || " Remote controlled weapons and vehicles are used for the first time based on the technology developed by Nikola Tesla."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1920 || || || "Karel Capek coins the word ‘robot’ to describe machines that resemble humans in his play called Rossums Universal Robots. The play was about a society that became enslaved by the robots that once served them. This idea is now a common theme in popular culture, ie Frankenstein, Terminator, The Matrix etc."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
| 1921 || || || "Czech writer Karel Čapek introduces the word "robot" in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The word "robot" comes from the word "robota" (work)."<ref name="forbes.coms">{{cite web |title=A Very Short History Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2016/12/30/a-very-short-history-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/#35827d6b6fba |website=forbes.com |accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref> "The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek. The plot was simple: man creates a robot to replace him and then robot kills man!"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1921 || || || "Czech playwright Karel Capek coins the term “robot” as a way to describe automata in fiction. It comes from the Czech word “roba” which means servant or slave. The word has since evolved to encompass all forms of autonomous machinery."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>|-| 1927 || || || "he science-fiction film Metropolis is released. It features a robot double of a peasant girl, Maria, which unleashes chaos in Berlin of 2026—it was the first robot depicted on film, inspiring the Art Deco look of C-3PO in Star Wars."<ref name="forbes.coms"/> "The film Metropolis is released, featuring the robot Maria, who serves as one of the primary antagonists of the story."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1929 || || || "Makoto Nishimura designs Gakutensoku, Japanese for "learning from the laws of nature," the first robot built in Japan. It could change its facial expression and move its head and hands via an air pressure mechanism."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/><ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1942 || || || "The first “programmable” mechanism, a paint-sprayer, was designed by Willard Pollard and Harold Roselund for the DeVilbiss Company. (US Patent No. 2,286,571)."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1946 || || || "George Devol patented a general purpose playback device for controlling machines using magnetic recordings."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1946 || || || " The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENAIC) is invented."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 1947 || || || "On November 14, 1947, Walter Brattain had an accident while trying to study how electrons acted on the surface of a semiconductor. This accident brought about the creation of the first transistor."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
|-
| 1950 || || || "Alan Turing proposes a test to determine if a machine truly has the power to think for itself. To pass the test a machine must be indistinguishable from a human during conversation. It has become known as the ‘Turing Test’."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
|-
| 1950 || || || "George Devol invented the first autonomous industrial robot UNIMATE which was capable of welding die casting onto cars on an assembly line."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1951 || || || "Raymond Goertz designed the first tele-operated articulated arm for the Atomic Energy Commission. This is generally regarded as a major milestone in force feedback (haptic) technology. (US Patent 2679940)"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1954 || || || "George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot ‘arm’. This later became the first industrial robot, completing dangerous and repetitive tasks on an assembly line at General Motors (1962)."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/><ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
|-
| 1957 || || || "The Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’, the first artificial orbiting satellite. This marks the beginning of the space race."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first autonomous, artificial satellite was 22.8 inches in diameter and weighed only 183.9 pounds."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
|-
| 1959 || || || "Researchers at MIT introduce computer-assisted manufacturing."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| Early 1960s || || || "One of the first operational, industrial robots in North America appeared in the early 1960’s in a candy factory in Kitchener, Ontario."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1961 || || || "The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
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| 1961 || || || "George Devol’s invention UNIMATE is sold to General Motors and becomes the first robot in the workforce and serves to this day as the foundation for the modern robotics industry. The 60’s also saw many advancements in the power and functionality of robotic arms in general."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1963 || || || "The computer-controlled Rancho Arm is invented to help disabled patients at the California hospital Ranchos Los Amigos. It is later purchased by Stanford University for use into research on robotics and prosthetics, ushering in a new form of human-centric robots known as “cobots”."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1964 || || || "The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
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| 1968 || || || "SRI built “Shakey”; a mobile robot equipped with a vision system and controlled by a computer the size of a room."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1968 || || || "The Tentacle Arm is created by Marvin Minsky. It had 12 joints which can operate independently and were powered by hydraulics."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1969 || || || "The U.S. successfully use the latest in computing, robotic and space technology to land Neil Armstrong on the moon."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
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| 1970 || || || "The first anthropomorphic robot, the WABOT-1, is built at Waseda University in Japan. It consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
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| 1970 || || || " Weapons meets robotics once again with the development of terminal guidance, a radar based robotics system that helps direct missiles and explosives in-flight before they detonate, drastically increasing their destructive potential."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1970 || || || "In 1970 Stanford University produced the Stanford Cart which is designed to be a line follower but also was able to be controlled from a computer via radio link."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1971 || || || " The Soviet Union lands the first robotic exploration craft on Mars. It touched down on the surface and transmitted for about 17 seconds before malfunctioning."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1972 || || || "Operation Linebacker proves the efficacy of laser-guided bombs in the closing years of the Vietnam War."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1972 || || || "The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1."<ref name="javatpoint.coma">{{cite web |title=History of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.javatpoint.com/history-of-artificial-intelligence |website=javatpoint.com |accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>
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| 1972 || || || "The Japanese WABOT project is completed with the deployment of WABOT-1, the world’s first life-size intelligent human robot. It could walk unaided as well as grasp and transport objects with tactile sensors in its hands. It could also communicate in Japenese using a sophisticated cranial sensory array that included ears, eyes, and a mouth."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1973 || || || "V.S. Gurfinkel, A. Shneider, E.V. Gurfinkel and colleagues at the department of motion control at the Russian Academy of Science create the first six-legged walking vehicle"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1974 || || || "Intel (Integrated Electronics) produced the first batch of second-generation 8080 general purpose chips. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1974 || || || "The robotic teacher Leachim has been invented with the ability to synthesize human speech. It is programmed with a course curriculum and tested on a class of 4th graders in the Bronx, New York."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1974 || || || "Victor Scheinman formed his own company and started marketing the Silver Arm, that was capable of assembling small parts together using touch sensors in 1974."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1975 || || || "Victor Schenman developed the Programmable Universal Manipulation Arm (Puma). It was widely used in industrial operations."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
| 1975 || || || "The MITS ALTAIR was the first 8080 chip based kit computer and is arguably the start of the personal computer. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1976 || || || "Soft Gripper was designed by Shigeo Hirose to to wrap around an object in snake like fashion in 1976."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>|-| 1977 || || || "The first Star Wars movie is released. George Lucas‘s movie inspires a new generation of researchers through his image of a human future shared with robots such as the now famous R2-D2 and C-3PO."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/><ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 1977 || || || "The Variante Masha, a six-legged walking machine, was created at the Russian academy of Science by Dr. Devjanin, Dr. Grufinkelt, Dr. Lensky, Dr. Schneider, and colleagues."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
| 1978 || || || "Shigeo Hirose created ACMVI (Oblix) robot. It had snake-like abilities. The Oblix eventually became the MOGURA robot arm used in industry."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1978 || || || "In 1978 the 4 axis robot arm SCARA, Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm, was created. It was the best used for picking up parts and placing them in another location and it was introduced to assembly lines in 1981."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>|-| 1979 || || || "The Stanford Cart crossed a chair-filled room without human assistance. The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer. The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/> "The Stanford Cart built in 1970 was rebuilt by Hans Moravec by adding a more robust vision system allowing greater autonomy in 1979 These were some of the first experiments with 3D environment. mapping."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1979 || || || "Hiroshi Makino of Yamanashi University designed the Selective Compliant Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA) for assembly jobs in factories. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1981 || || || "Shigeo Hirose developed Titan II. It is a quadruped which could climb stairs. Picture is of Titan III, which is a successor to Titan II."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1981 || || || "Takeo Kanade invents the first “direct drive arm”, an industrial robotic arm that combined the robotic “brain” with the mechanical manipulators in one machine."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/> "In 1981 Takeo Kanade built the direct drive arm, that was the first to have motors installed directly into the joints of the arm. This change caused this design to become faster and much more accurate than previous robotic arms."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1984 || || || "WABOT-2 is completed. It has motor and sensory control fine enough to allow it to read and play the organ, to the point it could even accompany a human musician."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1985 || || || "Created by the General Robotics Corp. the RB5X was a programmable robot equipped with infrared sensors, remote audio/video transmission, bump sensors, and a voice synthesizer. It had software that could enable it to learn about its environment."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
| 1985 || || || "The Melwalk3 was developed at Namiki Tsukuba Science City and was a sixlegged walking machine. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1986 || || || "The first LEGO based educational products are put on the market and Honda launches a project to build a walking humanoid robot."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "In 1986 LEGO and the MIT Media Lab colaborated to bring the first LEGO based educational products to market. LEGO tc Logo was used by in the classrooms of thousands of elementary school teachers. In the same year Honda began its humanoid research and development program to create robots capable of interacting successfully with humans."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1988 || || || "The first HelpMate service robot went to work at Danbury Hospital in Connecticut. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1989 || || || "Developed by Kato Corporation, the WL12RIII was the first biped walking robot which was able to walk on a terrain stabilized by trunk motion. It could walk up and down stairs and could take a single step every 0.64 seconds. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1989 || || || " Rodney Brooks creates Ghengis, a hexapedal robot meant to traverse difficult terrain. Ghengis was modeled after organic insects, who have very limited intelligence but possess relatively incredible physical aptitude. It was notable for its cheap construction and development time, which has given rise to a trend of incremental development in robotics."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 1990 || || || "Rodney Brooks publishes “Elephants Don’t Play Chess,” proposing a new approach to AI—building intelligent systems, specifically robots, from the ground up and on the basis of ongoing physical interaction with the environment: “The world is its own best model… The trick is to sense it appropriately and often enough.”"<ref name="forbes.coms"/> "iRobot Corporation was founded by Rodney Brooks, Colin Angle and Helen Greiner and produced domestic and military robots."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1993 || || || "Dante explored Mt. Erebrus in Antarctica. The 8-legged walking robot was developed at Carnegie-Mellon University. However, the mission failed when its tether broke. [4]Dante II subsequently explored Mt. Spurr in Alaska in 2004. This was a more robust version of Dante I. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1993 || || || "In 1993 an eight legged robot was developed at Carnegie Mellon University called Dante to collect data from a harsh environment similar to what we might find on another planet. However, Dante failed to collect gases from because of a broken fiber optic cable. In 1994 Dante II, a more robust version of its predicessor, descended into the crater of Alaskan volcano Mt. Spurr and completed the mission with a success."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1994 || || || "Carnegie Universities eight-legged walking robot, Dante ll, successfully descends into Mt Spur to collect volcanic gas samples."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
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| 1994 || || || " John Adler invents the Cyberknife, a robotic surgery system that is subsequently cleared by the USA’s FDA. First used at Stanford university, this robot made use of robotic positioning and radio imagery to help foster ultra-fine precision in delicate medical procedures and was used for brain and spine surgeries."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>|-| 1996 || || || "RoboTuna was created by David Barrett at MIT. The robot was used to study how fish swim."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/> "Robotuna was a biomimetic robot that was designed to swim and resemble a blue fin tuna and built by David Barrett for his doctoral thesis at MIT in 1996."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1996 || || || "Honda created the P2, which was the first major step in creating their ASIMO. The P2 was the first self-regulating, bipedal humanoid robot. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/> "Honda's P2 humanoid robot was first shown in 1996. Standing for ''Prototype Model 2'', P2 was an integral part of Honda's humanoid development project; over 6 feet tall, P2 was smaller than its predecessors and appeared to be more human like in its motions."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 1997 || || || "On May 11, a computer built by IBM known as Deep Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov. The first Robocup tournament is held in Japan. The goal of Robocup is to have a fully automated team of robots beat the worlds best soccer team by the year 2050."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "IBM's deep blue supercomputer beat the champion Gary Kasparov at a chess match. This represented the first time a machine beat a grand champion chess player. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1997 || || || " The robot rover Sojourner is launched to Mars. It was only expected to operate for a week but managed to explore the planet for over three months before losing contact with Earth. It was able to gather environmental data and conduct several scientific experiments, the results of which were transmitted back to NASA. The onboard computer allowed it to react to unplanned events and obstacles, even with minimal data."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>|-| 1997 || || || "NASA's PathFinder landed on Mars. The wheeled robotic rover sent images and data about Mars back to Earth."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/> "In 1997 The Pathfinder Mission landed on Mars. Its robotic rover Sojourner, rolled down a ramp and onto Martian soil in early July. It continued to broadcast data from the Martian surface until September."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>|-| 1997 || || || "IBM’s Deep Blue computer defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov, heralding a landmark achievement in robotic AI’s ability to plan and react."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 1997 || || || "Honda created the P3, the second major step in creating their ASIMO. The P3
| 1998 || || || "Campbell Aird was fitted with the first bionic arm called the Edinburg Modular Arm System (EMAS). "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 1999 || || || "Sony releases the first version of AIBO, a robotic dog with the ability to learn, entertain and communicate with its owner. More advanced versions have followed."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "Sony released the first Aibo robotic dog. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/><ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 1999 || || || "Mitsubishi created a robot fish. The intention was to create a robotic version of an extinct species of fish."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 2001 || || || "MD Robotics of Canada built the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS). It was successfully launched and worked to assemble the International Space Station."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 2001 || || || "Great leaps are made in aerospace robotics: Canadarm 2 is launched and attached to the International Space Station. Heralded as the first “smart” part of the station, it plays a key role in the maintenance of the station. Furthermore, the first autonomous flying robot, known as the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Global Hawk, makes a 22 hour non-stop flight from California across the Pacific Ocean and the Eurasian supercontinent to land in Edinburgh, Scotland."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 2002 || || || "Honda created the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO). It is intended to be a personal assistant. It recognizes its owner's face, voice, and name. Can read email and is capable of streaming video from its camera to a PC"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
| 2002 || || || "iRobot released the first generation of Roomba robotic vacuum cleaners. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 2003 || || || "As part of their mission to explore Mars, NASA launched twin robotic rovers on June 10 and July 7, 2003 called Spirit and Sojourner"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/> "On January 3rd and 24th the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity land on the surface of Mars. Launched in 2003, the two robots will drive many times the distance originally expected, and are still operating."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 2003 || || || "RobotShop Distribution Inc. was founded to provide today’s society with domestic and professional robot technology that can help increase the pleasure, knowledge liberty and security of individuals."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 2005 || || || "Cornell University created self-replicating robots. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
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| 2005 || || || "In 2005 Honda introduced an updated version of ASIMO that has new behaviors and capabilities."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 2005 || || || " Self-driving cars become more and more possible, though they are not yet safe for road testing."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 2006 || || || "A 4-legged robot called ''Starfish'' that was capable of of self modeling and learning to walk after having been damaged was created at Cornell University in 2006."<ref name="robotiksistem.coms"/>
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| 2008 || || || "After being first introduced in 2002, the popular Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner has sold over 2.5 million units, proving that there is a strong demand for this type of domestic robotic technology."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
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| 2011 || || || "Robonaut-2 is launched to the International Space Station and becomes the first humanoid robot in space. It currently serves as a training tool for roboticists in space, though is currently being upgraded to help astronauts complete dangerous, out of station spacewalks."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
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| 2017 || || || "The robot Sophia is granted Suadi Arabian citizenship. It becomes the first robot to be recognized with a gender identity and nationality. This raises several ethical problems, such as whether or not the deliberate shut-down of Sophia would be considered murder."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
| 2019 || || || "Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania create millions of nanobots over the span of a few weeks using technology from semiconductors. They are small enough to be injected into the human body and controlled remotely."<ref name="learn.g2.com"/>
|-
|}
* {{w|History of robots}}
* [http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/technology/historyofrobotics.html] * [https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdf]
* [https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/automation-electronics/history-of-robotics/]
* [https://learn.g2.com/history-of-robots]
* [http://www.robotiksistem.com/robotics_history.html]
* [https://www.techworld.com/picture-gallery/apps-wearables/brief-history-of-robotics-timeline-of-key-achievements-in-field-since-1941-3645131/]
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