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{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes|ancestor-permalink = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_typhoid_fever&oldid=768624929|substantial-edits =yes}}
This is a '''Timeline of [[wikipedia:typhoid fever|typhoid fever]]''', describing major events such as scientific/medical developments and notable epidemics.
==Full timeline==
[[wikipedia:File:Number of confirmed typhoid-paratyphoid fever reported cases in European countries in the years 2008-2012.png|thumb|center|800px|Number of confirmed typhoid-paratyphoid fever reported cases in European countries in the period 2008-2012, ilustrating the proportion among countries. Highest rates were given in [[wikipedia:Northwestern Europe|Northwestern Europe]] and [[wikipedia:Scandinavia|Scandinavia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual epidemiological report 2014|url=http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/food-waterborne-diseases-annual-epidemiological-report-2014.pdf|website=europa.eu|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref>]][[wikipedia:File:Number of cases and deaths due to typhoid fever, by outbreak.png|thumb|center|800px|Number of cases and deaths due to typhoid fever, by outbreak. Higher death rates are noticeable in earlier outbreaks.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition">{{cite book|last1=Berger|first1=Stephen|title=Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=XFEWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=%221993%22+%22+%09Typhoid+fever%22+%22mpumalanga%22&source=bl&ots=9Nn6AVqh4Y&sig=s7OF-abCYquk_kI6jEkdMhH_Kos&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjr56qK373SAhXFIJAKHe9EBFMQ6AEIQTAH#v=onepage&q=%221993%22%20%22%20%09Typhoid%20fever%22%20%22mpumalanga%22&f=false|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref>]]
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !! Geographical location
|-
| 1961 || Medical development || [[wikipedia:Ampicillin|Ampicillin]] is introduced for the treatment against [[wikipedia:typhoid fever|typhoid fever]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Simon|first1=Harold J.|last2=Miller|first2=Raymond C.|title=Ampicillin in the Treatment of Chronic Typhoid Carriers — Report on Fifteen Treated Cases and a Review of the Literature|doi=10.1056/NEJM196604142741501|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196604142741501|accessdate=3 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Typhoid FeverIts Cause, Transmission And Prevention" /> ||
|-
| 1963 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] outbreak is reported at a ski resort in [[wikipedia:zermatt|Zermatt]], Switzerland, affecting tourists from across Europe and the United States. 437 cases and 3 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Switzerland|Switzerland]]
|-
| 1969 || Medical development || Antibiotic agent [[wikipedia:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ]](also known as co-trimoxazole) is introduced. The drug would prove to be effective in the treatment against [[wikipedia:typhoid fever|typhoid fever]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=LACEY|first1=R. W.|title=DO SULPHONAMIDE-TRIMETHOPRIM COMBINATIONS SELECT LESS RESISTANCE TO TRIMETHOPRIM THAN THE USE OF TRIMETHOPRIM ALONE?|url=http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jmm/15/4/medmicro-15-4-403.pdf?expires=1488580165&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A22D63E794ECDC28CE966580B13D1467|publisher=The Journal of Medical Microbiology|accessdate=3 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Typhoid FeverIts Cause, Transmission And Prevention" /> ||
|-
| 1972 || Medical development || Researchers from [[wikipedia:Beecham Group|Beecham Group]] develop antibiotic [[wikipedia:amoxicillin|amoxicillin]]. It would prove to be very effective against [[wikipedia:typhoid fever|typhoid fever]], reducing the risk of the carrier state. Amoxicilin is on the [[wikipedia:World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="Typhoid FeverIts Cause, Transmission And Prevention" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Amoxicillin|url=http://www.emedexpert.com/facts/amoxicillin-facts.shtml|website=emedexpert.com|accessdate=3 March 2017}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1972–1973 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[wikipedia:Mexico City|Mexico City]]. 2,343 cases and 39 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition" /> || [[wikipedia:Mexico|Mexico]]
|-
| 1972–1973 1975–1976|| Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[wikipedia:Mexico CityMaharashtra|Mexico CityMaharashtra]], involving 9,000 cases. Contamination of a municipal water suply is found to be the source of the outbreak.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition" /> || [[wikipedia:MexicoIndia|MexicoIndia]]
|-
| 1975–1976 1983 || Epidemic Outbreak || 58 cases of [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out are reported among tourists at a hotel in [[wikipedia:Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]. 2,343 cases and 39 deaths are calculatedGreece.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition" /> || [[wikipedia:MexicoGreece|MexicoGreece]]
|-
| 1986 || Medical development || Researchers at the United States [[wikipedia:National Institutes of Health|National Institutes of Health]] develop an injectable subunit vaccine Vi-polysaccharide vaccine (sold as '''Typhim Vi''' by [[wikipedia:Sanofi Pasteur|Sanofi Pasteur]] and '''Typherix''' by [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]), for immunization against typhoid fever.<ref name="Typhoid fever & vaccine development: a partially answered question" /> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
| 1990-1993 || Epidemic || Typhoid fever epidemic breaks out in South Vietnam. A total per year of 3,853 to 9,179 cases is registered, and from 8 to 31 deceases.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nguyen|first1=TA|last2=Ha|first2=Ba K|last3=Nguyen|first3=TD.|title=[Typhoid fever in South Vietnam, 1990-1993].|pmid=7819805|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7819805|accessdate=5 April 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Vietnam|Vietnam]]|-| 1993 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Contamination of water supplies is associated. Over 1000 2,129 cases are reported.<ref name="Typhoid -caused by Salmonella Typhi-Frequently Asked Questions">{{cite web|title=Typhoid -caused by Salmonella Typhi-Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://www.nicd.ac.za/?page=alerts&id=5&rid=632|publisher=South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:South Africa|South Africa]]
|-
| 1996-1997 || Epidemic || Multidrug-resistant [[wikipedia:QuinoloneTyphoid fever|Quinolonetyphoid fever]] resistant typhoid epidemic breaks out in [[wikipedia:Tajikistan|Tajikistan involving ]]. Between 8,000 people and claiming 17,000 cases and 150 livesdeaths are estimated. Municipal water is identified as the source.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/><ref name="Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever) and S. paratyphi (Paratyphoid Fever)">{{cite web|title=Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever) and S. paratyphi (Paratyphoid Fever)|url=http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/b106.asp|website=antimicrobe.org|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
|-
| 2001 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in vaccinated members of the [[wikipedia:French Armed Forces|French Armed Forces]] in Ivory Coast.<ref name="Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Vaccinated Members of the French Armed Forces in the Ivory Coast">{{cite journal|last1=Michel|first1=Rémy|last2=Garnotel|first2=Eric|last3=Spiegel|first3=André|last4=Morillon|first4=Marc|last5=Saliou|first5=Pierre|last6=Boutin|first6=Jean-Paul|title=Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Vaccinated Members of the French Armed Forces in the Ivory Coast|journal=European Journal of Epidemiology}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]]
|-
| 2002 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[Wikipedia:Bharatpur, Nepal|Bharatpur]], Nepal. 65% of the town population is involved. 5,963 and 4 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[Wikipedia:Nepal|Nepal]]
|-
| 2003 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[Wikipedia:Dushanbe|Dushanbe]], Tajikistan. 1,000 cases and 80 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Tajikistan|Tajikistan]]
|-
| 2004-2005 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[Wikipedia:Kinshasa|Kinshasa]]. 11 cases of typhoidal peritonitis are treated in a single hospital. A total of 42,564 infections (including 696 intestinal perforations) and 214 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|-
| 2006 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[Wikipedia:Southern Highlands Province|Southern Highlands Province]], Papua New Guinea. 1,200 cases and 6 death are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[Wikipedia:Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]]
|-
| 2007 || Medical development || Live attenuated vaccine (DV-STM-07) is developed for immunization against typhoid fever.<ref name="Typhoid fever & vaccine development: a partially answered question" /> ||
|-
| 2008 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[Wikipedia:Calamba City|Calamba City]], Philippines. 1,477 cases are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Philippines|Philippines]] |-| 2010 || Outbreak || 12 cases of [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|typhoid]] are reported in the United States. The outbreak is ascribed to ingestion of contaminated mamey fruit pulp imported from [[wikipedia:Guatemala|Guatemala]].<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]|-| 2011-2012 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in Zambia. 4,396 cases and 9 deaths are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Zambia|Zambia]]|-| 2011-2013 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in Zimbabwe. 4,185 cases are confirmed in [[wikipedia:Harare|Harare]]and 2, Zimbabwe094 in Mupambe Township. Contaminated water sources are associated. As of 2017, the epidemic is still ongoing, with over 4,000 cases diagnosed to date.<ref name="Typhoid -caused by Salmonella Typhi-Frequently Asked Questions" /><ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition" /> || [[wikipedia:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]|-| 2013 || Epidemic || [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|Typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[wikipedia:Kasai-Occidental|Kasai-Occidental]], D.R. Congo. 1,092 cases are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[Wikipedia:Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |-| 2014-2015 || Outbreak || 18 cases of salmonella paratyphi A infection are reported among Japanese travellers returning from Cambodia.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[wikipedia:Japan|Japan]]|-| 2015 || Epidemic || Large [[wikipedia:Typhoid fever|typhoid fever]] epidemic breaks out in [[wikipedia:Kampala District|Kampala]], [[wikipedia:Wakiso District|Wakiso]] and [[wikipedia:Mukono District|Mukono]] districts in Uganda. 12,000 cases are reported.<ref name="Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status: 2017 edition"/> || [[wikipedia:Uganda|Uganda]]
|-
|}
