Changes

! Year !! Month and date || Disease !! Event type !! Details !! Country/location

| 1670 || || || Immunization || {{w|Circassian}} traders introduce {{w|variolation}} to the {{w|Ottoman Empire}}.<ref name="Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination"/> ||

| 1714 || || || Immunization || The {{w|Royal Society of London}} receives a letter from {{w|Emanuel Timoni}} describing the technique of variolation, which he witnessed in Istanbul.<ref name="Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination"/> ||

| 1721 || || || Immunization || The regular practice of variolation reaches the {{w|New World}}.<ref name="Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination"/> ||

| 1796 || || || Vaccine || English physician {{w|Edward Jenner}} tests vaccination inoculating a 13 year-old-boy with vaccinia virus (cowpox), and demonstrates immunity to {{w|smallpox}}.<ref name="A to Z of Biologists">{{cite book|last1=Yount|first1=Lisa|title=A to Z of Biologists|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pOdHrsTZ-RYC&pg=PA357&dq=1937:+Max+Delbruck+described+the+basic+life+cycle+of+a+virus.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjXjPSgne_ZAhVII5AKHcKKCWMQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Jenner is considered the founder of vaccinology in the Western World.<ref name="A brief history of vaccination">{{cite web|title=A brief history of vaccination|url=http://www.immune.org.nz/vaccines/vaccine-development/brief-history-vaccination|website=immune.org.nz|accessdate=22 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1798 || || || Vaccine || The first smallpox vaccine is developed.<ref name="A brief history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1803 || || || Organization || The Royal Jennerian Society for the Extermination of the Smallpox founded in {{w|London}}.<ref name="The history of vaccination">{{cite web|title=The history of vaccination|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/the-history-of-vaccination/|website=nhs.uk|accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Royal Jennerian Society for the Extermination of the Small-pox|url=https://collections.countway.harvard.edu/onview/items/show/13019|website=collections.countway.harvard.edu|accessdate=29 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1877 || || || Scientific development || Louis Pasteur propounds germ theory of disease and develops techniques to create vaccines.<ref name="A to Z of Biologists"/><ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 1879 || || || Vaccine || {{w|Louis Pasteur}} creates the first live attenuated bacterial vaccine ({{w|chicken cholera}}).<ref name="Vaccine Timeline">{{cite web|title=Vaccine Timeline|url=http://www.immunize.org/timeline/|website=immunize.org|accessdate=24 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1884 || || || Vaccine || Louis Pasteur develops the first live attenuated viral vaccine (rabies), using dessicated brain tissue inactivated with formaldehyde.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 1885 || || || Vaccine || Louis Pasteur first uses the rabies vaccine in humans.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 1890 || || || Vaccine || German bacteriologist {{w|Emil von Behring}}, working in the laboratory of {{w|Robert Koch}}, discovers the {{w|tetanus vaccine}}.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Newton|first1=David E.|title=Sick! Diseases and Disorders, Injuries and Infections, Volume 4|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZZFCKgi59lQC&q=%22in+1890%22+%22tetanus%22+%22vaccine%22&dq=%22in+1890%22+%22tetanus%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicnd_75NPaAhWGEZAKHdpbBk44ChDoAQgnMAA}}</ref><ref name="The history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1896 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|typhoid fever vaccine}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Riley|first1=James C.|title=Low Income, Social Growth, and Good Health: A History of Twelve Countries|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=622UA6ajt8gC&pg=PA48&dq=%22in+1896%22+%22typhoid+fever%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm_6De_NPaAhWEFZAKHXb2DNUQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201896%22%20%22typhoid%20fever%22%20%22vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1897 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|plague vaccine}} is introduced by Russian bacteriologist [[wikipedia:Waldemar Haffkine|Waldemar Haffkine]].<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 1901 || || || Award || {{w|Emil von Behring}} is awarded the first {{w|Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine}}, for his work on the development of a diphtheria antitoxin. ||

| 1907 || || || Vaccine || Several cities in Europe and the United States begin immunization programs to administer the toxin–antitoxin (TAT) complex against {{w|diphtheria}}.<ref name="State of the world’s vaccines and immunization">{{cite web|title=State of the world’s vaccines and immunization|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44169/1/9789241563864_eng.pdf|website=who.int|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1921 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|tuberculosis vaccine}} is first used in humans, offering only hit-or-miss protection, ranging from 14 percent to 80 percent effectiveness in preventing tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Alison|title=Always There: The Remarkable Life of Ruth Lillian Kirschstein, M.D.|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gUmjpG-4f-8C&pg=PA1932&dq=%22in+1921%22+%22tuberculosis%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs_Mnk_dPaAhWMiZAKHXi2CgwQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201921%22%20%22tuberculosis%22%20%22vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1923 || || || Vaccine || French veterinarian {{w|Gaston Ramon}}, at the {{w|Pasteur Institute}} in {{w|France}}, develops the diphtheria toxoid vaccine.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Thomaz Soccol,|first1=Vanete|last2=Pandey|first2=Ashok|last3=Resende|first3=Rodrigo R.|title=Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Human and Animal Health Applications|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8HN_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA480&dq=%22in+1923%22+%22diphtheria%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjo54LL_9PaAhVSlpAKHUnJAKAQ6AEINTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201923%22%20%22diphtheria%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1923 || || || Scientific development || British immunologist {{w|Alexander Glenny}} perfects a method to inactivate {{w|tetanus toxin}} with {{w|formaldehyde}}.<ref name="A brief history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1926 || || || Vaccine || The whole cell killed {{w|pertussis vaccine}} becomes available.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Halloran|first1=M. Elizabeth|last2=Longini|first2=Ira M.|last3=Struchiner|first3=Claudio J.|title=Design and Analysis of Vaccine Studies|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=OWFDAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=%22in+1926%22+%22pertussis%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT0tzLgdTaAhWEHJAKHeZnB3IQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201926%22%20%22pertussis%22%20%22vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1929 || || || Scientific development || The utility of protein conjugation of polysaccharides is shown by Avery and Goebel. This discovery would prove useful later when Schneerson, Robbins, and coworkers make a conjugated {{w|Haemophilus influenzae}} type b vaccine.<ref name="History of vaccination"/> ||

| 1932 || || || Vaccine || Andrew Sellards, from {{w|Harvard University}}, and {{w|Jean Laigret}}, from the {{w|Pasteur Institute}}, develop the so called French vaccine against {{w|yellow fever}}.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Menezes Martins|first1=Reinaldo|last2=Fernandes Leal|first2=Maria da Luz|last3=Homma|first3=Akira|title=Serious adverse events associated with yellow fever vaccine|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635904/|doi=10.1080/21645515.2015.1022700}}</ref> ||

| 1936 || || || Vaccine || South African virologist {{w|Max Theiler}} develops his vaccine against {{w|yellow fever}}.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline and History of Vaccines">{{cite web|title=Vaccine Timeline and History of Vaccines|url=https://vaxopedia.org/2017/04/19/vaccine-timeline-and-history-of-vaccines/|website=vaxopedia.org|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1937 || || || Vaccine || Tetanus toxoid is first licensed as a vaccine.<ref name="Tetanus disease and deaths in men reveal need for vaccination">{{cite journal|title=Tetanus disease and deaths in men reveal need for vaccination|journal=US National Library of Medicine|doi=10.2471/BLT.15.166777|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969990/}}</ref> ||

| 1938 || || || Vaccine || Herld Cox develops the first successful typhus vaccine, using the yolk sac of the chick embryo to grow ''Rickettsia rickettsii''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Plotkin|first1=Stanley A.|last2=Orenstein|first2=Walter|last3=Offit|first3=Paul A.|last4=Edwards|first4=Kathryn M.|title=Vaccines E-Book|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yUijDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=%22in+1937%22+%22typhus%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZqJnJhtTaAhXIj5AKHQtwDaUQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201937%22%20%22typhus%22%20%22vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1941 || || || Vaccine || The first vaccine against {{w|tick-borne encephalitis}} is prepared in the brains of mice.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tick-borne Encephalitis Vaccine|url=http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/tick_encephalitis/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=24 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1942 || || || Vaccine || Bivalent vaccine is produced after the discovery of influenza B.<ref name="The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines 1">{{cite web|title=The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines 1|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/812621|website=medscape.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1945 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|influenza vaccine}} is approved for military use in the {{w|United States}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Influenza|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/influenza|website=historyofvaccines.org|accessdate=24 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1948 || || || Vaccine || A whole cell vaccine against {{w|pertussis}} is first licensed for use in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="A brief history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1948 || || || Vaccine || An inactivated {{w|mumps vaccine}} is developed. However, this vaccine would produce only short-lasting immunity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumps|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1951 || || || Award || {{w|Max Theiler}} is awarded the {{w|Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine}} for developing a vaccine against {{w|yellow fever}}. ||

| 1953 (March 26) || || || Vaccine || American medical researcher {{w|Jonas Salk}} announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against {{w|poliomyelitis}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=This Week In History: March 26 – April 1|url=https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/week-history-march-26-april-1/|website=thegreatcoursesdaily.com|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1954 || || || Vaccine || A mouse brain derived inactivated {{w|Japanese encephalitis}} vaccine is first licensed in {{w|Japan}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Recommendations for Japanese encephalitis vaccine|url=http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/Annex_1_WHO_TRS_963.pdf|website=who.int|accessdate=24 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1954 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|anthrax vaccine}} is developed, derived from an alum-precipitated cell-free filtrate of an aerobic culture of B antliracis.<ref>{{cite book|title=Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nm_AVg4hmJQC&pg=PA468&dq=%22in+1954%22+%22anthrax%22+%22vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9zZuRjdTaAhWLE5AKHZEYAsYQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201954%22%20%22anthrax%22%20%22vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1956 || || || Program || The World Health Organization (WHO) decides to try to eradicate smallpox across the world. This is the first attempt to use the smallpox vaccine on a global scale.<ref name="The history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1957 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|adenovirus vaccine}} is commercially available. It is used primarily in the United States military.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Galasso|first1=George J.|last2=Whitley|first2=Richard J.|last3=Merigan|first3=Thomas C.|title=Antiviral Agents and Human Viral Diseases|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Wc5rAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1957%22+%22adenovirus+vaccine%22&dq=%22in+1957%22+%22adenovirus+vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi07rHAkdTaAhWJgZAKHdHEBScQ6AEIPjAE}}</ref> ||

| 1962 || || || Vaccine || {{w|Albert Sabin}} develops an oral {{w|polio vaccine}} that cost less, is easier to administer, and reduces the multiplication of the virus in the intestine.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Skolnik|title=Global Health 101|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=y8CiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT491&dq=%22in+1962%22+%22oral+polio%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4hciUk9TaAhUEiZAKHRpPAvgQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201962%22%20%22oral%20polio%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1963 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|measles vaccine}} is first introduced.<ref>{{cite book|title=CDC Health Information for International Travel 2014: The Yellow Book|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nVppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1963 || || || Organization || The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) is established as an independent expert advisory committee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Development Of Immunization Policy And Its Implementation In The United Kingdom |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.744 |website=healthaffairs.org |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1964 || || || Publication || [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] recommendations for the production and quality control of diphtheria vaccines are first formulated.<ref name="Biologicals">{{cite web|title=Diphtheria|url=http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/diphtheria/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1965 || || || Program || {{w|United States President}} {{w|Lyndon B Johnson}} establishes the CDC Smallpox Eradication program, establishing a legacy of US leadership in global immunization.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline and History of Vaccines"/> ||

| 1968 || || || Vaccine || American [[wikipedia:microbiologist|microbiologist]] [[wikipedia:Maurice Hilleman|Maurice Hilleman]] develops a weak measles [[wikipedia:vaccine|vaccine]]. This vaccine is estimated to prevent 1 million deaths worldwide every year.<ref name="Measles History">{{cite web|title=Measles History|url=https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html|website=Measles History|publisher=[[wikipedia:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maurice R. Hilleman Dies; Created Vaccines|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48244-2005Apr12.html|publisher=[[wikipedia:The Washington Post|The Washington Post]]|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1969 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|rubella vaccine}}s are licensed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rubella|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/rubella.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1971 || || || Vaccine || The [[w:MMR vaccine|Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine]] is introduced, resulting from the combination of the three vaccines (for mumps , measles, and rubella).<ref>{{cite web|title=Measles: Questions and Answers|url=http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4209.pdf|website=immunize.org|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1973 || || || Program || The [[wikipedia:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] starts issuing annual recommendations for the composition of the influenza vaccine based on results from surveillance systems that would identify currently circulating strains.<ref name="The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines 1">{{cite web|title=The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines 1|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/812621|website=medscape.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1974 || || || Program || The {{w|World Health Organization}} launches the {{w|Expanded Program on Immunization}} (EPI), with the initial goals to ensure that every child receive protection against six childhood diseases (i.e. {{w|tuberculosis}}, {{w|polio}}, {{w|diphtheria}}, {{w|pertussis}}, {{w|tetanus}} and {{w|measles}}) by the time they were one year of age, and to give [[w:tetanus vaccine|tetanus toxoid]] vaccinations to women to protect them and their newborns against {{w|tetanus}}.<ref name="HISTORY OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT"/> ||

| 1977 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|pneumococcal vaccine}} is licensed in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="Pneumococcal Disease">{{cite web|title=Pneumococcal Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/pneumo.html|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1978 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|United States}} become the first to license a vaccine to help protect against 4 of the 5 major serogroups of [[w:Meningococcal disease|meningococcal bacteria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Class is in Session, it’s time for a Meningitis History Lesson|url=https://www.availclinical.com/news/class-is-in-session-its-time-for-a-meningitis-history-lesson/|website=availclinical.com|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1978 || || || Vaccine || The first trivalent influenza vaccine is introduced. It includes two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain.<ref name="The Evolving History of Influenza Viruses and Influenza Vaccines 1" /> ||

| 1979 || || || Eradication || The {{w|World Health Assembly}} officially declares {{w|smallpox}} eradicated.<ref name="HISTORY OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT"/><ref name="The history of vaccination"/> ||

| 1980 || || || Vaccine || United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves influenza vaccine ''Fluzone'' ([[wikipedia:Sanofi Pasteur|Sanofi Pasteur]]), developed for A subtype viruses and type B virus contained in the vaccine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fluzone|url=https://www.vaccineshoppe.com/image.cfm?pi=flu&image_type=product_pdf|website=vaccineshoppe.com|accessdate= 31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1981 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|hepatitis B vaccine}} is approved in the {{w|United States}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rationale for Developing a More Immunogenic Hepatitis B Vaccine|url=https://www.vbivaccines.com/wire/the-rationale-for-developing-a-more-immunogenic-hepatitis-b-vaccine/|website=vbivaccines.com|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1984 || || || Vaccine || A {{w|varicella vaccine}} is first licensed in several countries in {{w|Europe}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042990.htm|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1985 || || || Vaccine || The first vaccine to protect against Hib diseases is introduced in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib|website=historyofvaccines.org|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1985 || || || Program || Rotary Club International launches {{w|PolioPlus}}, a campaign with the purpose of getting rid the world of {{w|poliomielitis}}. Since then, the organization and its partners would help reduce the number of cases from 350,000 annually to fewer than 400 in 2014, remaining committed until the disease is eradicated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Moments: PolioPlus turns 30 |url=https://www.rotary.org/en/historic-moments-polioplus-turns-30 |website=rotary.org |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1987 || || || Vaccine || The hepatitis B Vax II (recombinant) vaccine is introduced.<ref name="Vaccine history timeline">{{cite web|title=Vaccine history timeline|url=https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/public-health/immunisation/immunisation-schedule-vaccine-eligibility-criteria/vaccine-history-timeline|website=health.vic.gov.au|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1989 || || || Vaccine || Q-Vax is licensed in {{w|Australia}}, for {{w|Q fever}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bewley|first1=Kevin R|title=Animal Models of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)|pmid=24326221|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3866982/|pmc=3866982}}</ref> ||

| 1989 || || || Vaccine || {{w|Hepatitis B}} vaccine, Engerix-B, is approved.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline and History of Vaccines"/> ||

| 1990 || || || Coverage || By this time, vaccination protects over 80% of the world's children from the six main [[w:Expanded Programme on Immunization|EPI]] diseases ({{w|tuberculosis}}, {{w|polio}}, {{w|diphtheria}}, {{w|pertussis}}, {{w|tetanus}} and {{w|measles}}), and other new vaccines are continually being added to the EPI programmes in many countries.<ref name="HISTORY OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT"/> ||

| 1990 || || || Vaccine || Ipol, an enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine, by [[wikipedia:Sanofi Pasteur|Pasteur Méérieux Vaccins et Serums]], is licensed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vaccine Timeline|url=http://www.immunize.org/timeline/|website=immunize.org|accessdate=May 31 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1991 || || || Vaccine || The world's first {{w|hepatitis A vacine}} is approved in {{w|Switzerland}} and {{w|Belgium}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Children's Vaccine Initiative: Achieving the Vision|publisher=Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Children's Vaccine Initiative: Planning Alternative Strategies|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Y6gwT6AatYC&pg=PA50&dq=%22in+1993%22+%22hepatitis+A+vaccine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJoZbk49PaAhXKIpAKHZdICugQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201993%22%20%22hepatitis%20A%20vaccine%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1991 || || || Organization || {{w|Every Child By Two}} is founded in the {{w|United States}} as a non-profit health advocacy organization, which advocates for vaccinations.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.ecbt.org/index.php/about/article/about_us |website=ecbt.org |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1993 || || || Organization || The {{w|Sabin Vaccine Institute}} is founded in the {{w|United States}} as a non-profit organization promoting global vaccine development, availability, and use.<ref>{{cite web |title=Polioforever's Blog |url=https://polioforever.wordpress.com/sabin-vaccine-institute/ |website=polioforever.wordpress.com |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1996 || || {{w|Diphtheria}}, {{w|tetanus}}, {{w|pertussis}}, {{w|hepatitis B}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Organization |first1=World Health |last2=Biologicals |first2=World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and |title=Immunization in Practice: A Practical Guide for Health Staff |date=2004 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=9789241546515 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cBBIreR5YR4C&pg=PT61&dq=DTP-HepB+vaccine#v=onepage |accessdate=15 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> || || A branded formulation of the {{w|DTP-HepB vaccine}}, Tritanrix-HepB manufactured by {{w|GlaxoSmithKline}}, is granted marketing approval in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/pages/medicines/human/medicines/000093/human_med_001108.jsp|publisher=European Medicines Agency|title=Tritanrix HepB|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1997 || || || Organization || The {{w|International Vaccine Institute}} (IVI) is founded as an international nonprofit organization on the belief that the health of children in developing countries can be dramatically improved by the use of new and improved vaccines. IVI is involved in all areas of the vaccine spectrum, working in collaboration with the international scientific community, public health organizations, governments, and industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Vaccine Institute (IVI) |url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/international-vaccine-institute-ivi-28947 |website=devex.com |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1998 || || || Vaccine || The United States {{w|Food and Drug Administration}} approves Lymerix, the world's first {{w|Lyme vaccine}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lyme Vaccine Pulled Off Market|url=http://www.lymepa.org/html/vaccine_pulled_off_the_market.html|website=lymepa.org|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1998 || || || Vaccine || The first {{w|rotavirus vaccine}}, RotaShield, is licensed and recommended for routine childhood immunization. However, it would be witdrawn in 1999 due to safety concerns.<ref name="Rotavirus">{{cite web|title=Rotavirus|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/rotavirus|website=historyofvaccines.org|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 1999 || || || Organization || The {{w|Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization}} (GAVI) is created to extend the reach of the {{w|Expanded Program on Immunization}} and to help the poorest countries introduce new and under-used life-saving vaccines into their national programs.<ref name="HISTORY OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT"/> ||

| 2000 || || || Organization || The {{w|Brighton Collaboration}} launches as an international volun­ta­ry collaboration of scientific experts, launched. It facilitates the development, evaluation and dissemination of high-quality information about the safety of human vaccines.<ref>{{cite web |title=BRIGHTON COLLABORATION – SETTING STANDARDS IN VACCINE SAFETY |url=http://vaccine-safety-training.org/brighton-collaboration.html |website=vaccine-safety-training.org |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2000 || || || Organization || {{w|Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance}} launches as a public–private global health partnership committed to increasing access to immunization in poor countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gavi - About|url=http://www.gavi.org/about/|website=gavi.org|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2001 || || || Program || The {{w|Meningitis Vaccine Project}} launches with the task to develop, test, license, and introduce a group A meningococcal (MenA) conjugate vaccine for {{w|sub-Saharan Africa}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tiffay |first1=Kathleen |last2=Jodar |first2=Luis |last3=Kieny |first3=Marie-Paule |last4=Socquet |first4=Muriel |last5=LaForce |first5=F. Marc |title=The Evolution of the Meningitis Vaccine Project |doi=10.1093/cid/civ594 |pmid=26553666 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639496/ |accessdate=1 June 2018 |pmc=4639496}}</ref> ||

| 2003 || || || Vaccine || The United States {{w|FDA}} first licenses FluMist –an intranasally administered influenza vaccine, for healthy, nonpregnant persons aged 5–49 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Notice to Readers: Expansion of Use of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (FluMist®) to Children Aged 2--4 Years and Other FluMist Changes for the 2007--08 Influenza Season|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5646a4.htm|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2004 || || || Vaccine || Flumist is approved as an intranasal flu vaccine.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline and History of Vaccines"/> ||

| 2006 || || || Vaccine || A new {{w|rotavirus vaccine}} becomes available.<ref name="Rotavirus"/> ||

| 2006 || || || Vaccine || A {{w|shingles vaccine}} is first licensed under generic name Zoster Vaccine (tradename Zostavax).<ref>{{cite web|title=Shingles (Herpes Zoster)|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/shingles-herpes-zoster|website=historyofvaccines.org|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2006 || || || Organization || The {{w|Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery}} is founded when the {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} donates US$287 million to promote HIV vaccine research. The organization is an international network of scientists, research organizations, and promoters of HIV vaccine research.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dukehealth.org/health_library/news/9803 |title=Gates Foundation Funds Major New Collaboration to Accelerate HIV Vaccine Development - DukeHealth.org |first= |last= |work=dukehealth.org |year=19 July 2006|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2007 (February 9) || || || Program || Five countries ({{w|Canada}}, {{w|Italy}}, {{w|Norway}}, {{w|Russia}}, the {{w|United Kingdom}}), and the {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} commit US$1.5 billion to launch the first {{w|Advance Market Commitment}} (AMC) with the purpose of accelerating access to vaccines against pneumococcal disease.<ref>{{cite web |title=GAVI partners fulfill promise to fight pneumococcal disease |url=https://www.gavi.org/library/news/press-releases/2009/gavi-partners-fulfill-promise-to-fight-pneumococcal-disease/ |website=gavi.org |accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2007 (September 1) || || || || "On September 1, 2007, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) licensed a new [[vaccine]] [[ACAM2000]] against [[smallpox]] which can be produced quickly upon need. Manufactured by [[Sanofi Pasteur]], the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] stockpiled 192.5 million doses of the new vaccine (see list of common strains below).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/FDA-approves-new-smallpox-vaccine-1833591.php |title=FDA approves new smallpox vaccine |last=Heilprin |first=John |agency=AP |website=Houston Chronicle |date=1 September 2007 |access-date=25 May 2018}}</ref>" || {{w|United States}}

| 2009 (September) || || || Vaccine || The United States {{w|FDA}} approves four vaccines against the {{w|Influenza A virus subtype H1N1}}.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 2009 (October) || || || Vaccine || The United States {{w|FDA}} approves {{w|Cervarix}}, by {{w|GlaxoSmithKline}}, for the prevention of {{w|cervical cancer}}.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> ||

| 2009 || || General || Research || The journal ''[[w:Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]'' concludes that the largest risk among unvaccinated children is not the contraction of side effects, but rather the disease that the vaccination aims to protect against.<ref name="vaccine refusal">{{cite web |title = Is Vaccine Refusal Worth The Risk? |website = {{w|NPR}} |date = 2009-05-26 |url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104523437 |accessdate = 1 June 2020 }}</ref> ||

| 2012 || || || Vaccine || A quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is licensed in the {{w|United States}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Influenza|url=https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/influenza|website=historyofvaccines.org|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2013 || || || Vaccine || The United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves influenza vaccine ''Flublok'' ([[wikipedia:Protein Sciences|Protein Sciences]]), developed through recombinant DNA technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=FDA Approves Flublok Quadrivalent Flu Vaccine|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/870201|website=medscape.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2015 || || || Vaccine || The {{w|RTS,S/AS01}} (trade name Mosquirix) becomes the world's first licensed {{w|malaria vaccine}}. Approved for use by European regulators.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria vaccine gets 'green light'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/health-33641939?ns_mchannel=social&ns_campaign=bbc_news&ns_source=google_plus&ns_linkname=news_central|website=bbc.com|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref> ||

| 2016 || || || Vaccine || A partially effective {{w|dengue vaccine}} (Dengvaxia) becomes commercially available in 11 countries: Mexico, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Guatemala, Peru, Thailand, and Singapore.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite web|title=Sanofi's dengue vaccine approved in 11 countries|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sanofi-vacccine-idUSKCN1240C5|website=Reuters|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=East|first1=Susie|title=World's first dengue fever vaccine launched in the Philippines|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/06/health/dengue-fever-vaccine-philippines/|accessdate=25 April 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> ||

| 2016 || || {{w|Diphteria}} || Statistics || About 86% of the world population was vaccinated as of year.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Diphtheria|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/diphtheria/en/|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|accessdate=1 June 2020|date=3 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> || Worldwide

| 2016 (December) || || || Vaccine || A study finds the {{w|rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine}} against {{w|Ebola virus disease}} to be 95-100% effective, making it the first proven vaccine against the disease.<ref name="TL-20161222">{{cite journal |vauthors=Henao-Restrepo AM, Camacho A, Longini IM, Watson CH, Edmunds WJ, Egger M, Carroll MW, Dean NE, Diatta I, Doumbia M, Draguez B, Duraffour S, Enwere G, Grais R, Gunther S, Gsell PS, Hossmann S, Watle SV, Kondé MK, Kéïta S, Kone S, Kuisma E, Levine MM, Mandal S, Mauget T, Norheim G, Riveros X, Soumah A, Trelle S, Vicari AS, Røttingen JA, Kieny MP|display-authors=6 |title=Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!) |journal = Lancet |volume = 389 |issue = 10068 |pages = 505–518 |year = 2017 |pmid = 28017403 |pmc = 5364328 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32621-6 }}</ref><ref name="CNN-2016122">{{cite news |last=Berlinger |first=Joshua |title=Ebola vaccine gives 100% protection, study finds |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/health/ebola-vaccine-study/index.html |date=22 December 2016 |work=[[CNN]] |accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref> ||