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| 18th century || The {{w|First Industrial revolution}} starts in this century. During this period, products develop a linear lifecycle (raw materials are transformed them and then discarded).<ref name="dssa">{{cite web |title=Closing the loop – the circular economy, what it means and what it can do for you |url=https://www.pwc.com/hu/en/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/Closing-the-loop-the-circular-economy.pdf |website=pwc.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 19th century || The {{w|Second Industrial Revolution}} starts in this century. [[w:Petroleum refinery|Petroleum refining]] begins, with emergence of its derivatives, including {{w|plastic}}. The first integrated {{w|kerbside collection}} and recycling system is introduced in 1884 in {{w|France}}.
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| 20th century || The {{w|Third Industrial Revolution}} brings a shift from [[w:machine|mechanical]] and [[w:Analogue electronics|analogue electronic]] {{w|technology}} to {{w|digital electronics}}. This marks the beginning of the history of electronic waste disposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History on the Electronic Waste Disposal Industry |url=https://ecycleatlanta.com/blog/brief-history-electronic-waste-disposal-industry/ |website=ecycleatlanta.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
