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| 18th century || The {{w|First Industrial revolution}} starts in this century. During this period, products develop a linear lifecycle (raw materials are transformed them and then discarded).<ref name="dssa">{{cite web |title=Closing the loop – the circular economy, what it means and what it can do for you |url=https://www.pwc.com/hu/en/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/Closing-the-loop-the-circular-economy.pdf |website=pwc.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 19th century || The {{w|Second Industrial Revolution}} starts in this century. The first human–made [[w:Petroleum refinery|Petroleum refining]] begins, with emergence of its derivatives, including {{w|plastic}} is invented.
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| 20th century || The {{w|Third Industrial Revolution}} brings a shift from [[w:machine|mechanical]] and [[w:Analogue electronics|analogue electronic]] {{w|technology}} to {{w|digital electronics}}. This marks the beginning of the history of electronic waste disposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History on the Electronic Waste Disposal Industry |url=https://ecycleatlanta.com/blog/brief-history-electronic-waste-disposal-industry/ |website=ecycleatlanta.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 1842 || General || Publication || British {{w|Social reformer}}, {{w|Edwin Chadwick}} publishes report ''The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population'' in which he argues for the importance of adequate waste removal and management facilities to improve the health and wellbeing of the city's population.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report...from the Poor Law Commissioners on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain |location=London |year=1842 |pages=369-372 |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/chadwick2.html |last=Chadwick |first=Edwin}} via {{cite web |author=Laura Del Col |publisher=The Victorian Web |title=Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions |date=11 October 2002 |accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1848 || || || The [[w:petroleum industry#History|petroleum industry]], both production and [[w:Petroleum refinery|refining]], begins with the first oil works in {{w|Scotland}}, when chemist [[w:James Young (Scottish chemist)|James Young]] sets up a tiny business refining the crude oil. This marks the beginning of petroleum derivatives.<ref name=russell>{{cite book | last = Russell | first = Loris S. | authorlink = | title = A Heritage of Light: Lamps and Lighting in the Early Canadian Home | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 2003 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-8020-3765-8}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1853 || General || Organization (for-profit) || {{w|Veolia}} is founded in {{w|France}}. It operates [[w:water resource management|water management]], {{w|waste management}} and energy services.<ref>{{cite web |title=The history of Veolia: 1853-1900 |url=https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/1853-1900 |website=veolia.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Strauss |first1=Michael J. |title=Hostile Business and the Sovereign State: Privatized Governance, State Security and International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fnx_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT342&lpg=PT342&dq=1853+Veolia&source=bl&ots=Oa4S1yQzZU&sig=ACfU3U0n2Kh-MFYXIkplKQhYtkCJLnyI7Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUsP38xMznAhWzK7kGHRKNAUsQ6AEwDHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=1853%20Veolia&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
