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{| class="wikitable"
! Time period !! Development summary
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| Middle Ages || After the fall of Rome, waste collection and municipal sanitation begins a decline that would last throughout this era.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/>
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| 18th century || The {{w|First Industrial revolution}} starts in this century. During this period, products develop a linear lifecycle (raw materials are transformed them and then discarded).<ref name="dssa">{{cite web |title=Closing the loop – the circular economy, what it means and what it can do for you |url=https://www.pwc.com/hu/en/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/Closing-the-loop-the-circular-economy.pdf |website=pwc.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 19th century || The {{w|Second Industrial Revolution}} starts in this century. [[w:Petroleum refinery|Petroleum refining]] begins, with emergence of its derivatives, including {{w|plastic}}. The first integrated {{w|kerbside collection}} and recycling system is introduced in 1884 in {{w|France}}.Industrialization along sustained urban growth in Western Europe causes a rapid deterioration in levels of sanitation and the general quality of urban life.<ref>Florence Nightingale, ''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/nightingale-rural.asp Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale]'', ed. Lucy Ridgely Seymer (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1954), pp. 38287</ref> Late in the century, a technological approach to solid-waste management begins to develop.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/>
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| 20th century || Municipal systems of waste disposal spring up at the turn of the century in large cities of Europe and North America. Technological advances continue during the first half of the century. Garbage grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems develop.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/> The {{w|Third Industrial Revolution}} brings a shift from [[w:machine|mechanical]] and [[w:Analogue electronics|analogue electronic]] {{w|technology}} to {{w|digital electronics}}. This marks the beginning of the history of {{w|electronic waste}} disposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History on the Electronic Waste Disposal Industry |url=https://ecycleatlanta.com/blog/brief-history-electronic-waste-disposal-industry/ |website=ecycleatlanta.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
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{| class="wikitable"
! Time period !! Development summary
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| 1930s || The {{w|Dumpster}} is introduced in the United States.
