Changes

Jump to: navigation, search

Timeline of waste management

5,517 bytes added, 19:45, 27 May 2020
no edit summary
** You will also see different policies released by several countries across the world.
* What are some significant events related to the introduction of waste collection and management?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Systemintroduction".
** You will see the introduction of systems like {{w|kerbside collection}}, and other mostly municipal initiatives.
* What are some milestone techonolgies and notable device introductions and improvements in the waste management industry?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Technology".
** You will see milestones inventions like the development of the {{w|garbage disposal unit}} in the United States, as well as others like the first {{w|garbage truckstruck}}s, etc.
* What are some notable materials most contributing to the global production of waste?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Waste source emergence".
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Organization (non-profit)".
* You will see some important organizations, like the {{w|International Solid Waste Association}}.
* What are some notable events related to [[w:Waste picker|waste picking]]?.
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "[[w:waste picker|Waste picking]]".
** You will see statistics, organizations, publications, conferences and research on this practice, mainly in the developing world.
* What are some significant numbers reflecting the importance of waste management industry and the weight of waste production?
** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Statistics".
** You will see numbers reflecting both the size of waste generation and management at national and global levels.
==Big picture==
! Time period !! Development summary
|-
| 100 AD–onward || Large scale manufacturing of {{w|glass}} begins.
|-
| 1551–onward || Paper {{w|packaging}} is introduced as a waste source.
|}
=== Summary by century /era ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Time period !! Development summary
|-
| Middle Ages || After the [[w:Fall of the Western Roman Empire|fall of Rome]], waste collection and municipal sanitation begins a decline that would last throughout this era.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/>
|-
| 18th century || The {{w|First Industrial revolution}} starts in this century. During this period, products develop a linear lifecycle (raw materials are transformed them and then discarded).<ref name="dssa">{{cite web |title=Closing the loop – the circular economy, what it means and what it can do for you |url=https://www.pwc.com/hu/en/kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/Closing-the-loop-the-circular-economy.pdf |website=pwc.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 19th century || The {{w|Second Industrial Revolution}} starts in this century. [[w:Petroleum refinery|Petroleum refining]] begins, with emergence of its derivatives, including {{w|plastic}}. The first human–made integrated {{w|plastickerbside collection}} and recycling system is inventedintroduced in 1884 in {{w|France}}. Industrialization along sustained urban growth in Western Europe causes a rapid deterioration in levels of sanitation and the general quality of urban life.<ref>Florence Nightingale, ''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/nightingale-rural.asp Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale]'', ed. Lucy Ridgely Seymer (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1954), pp. 38287</ref> Late in the century, a technological approach to solid-waste management begins to develop.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/> |-| 20th century || Municipal systems of waste disposal spring up at the turn of the century in large cities of Europe and North America. Technological advances continue during the first half of the century. Garbage grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems develop.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/> The {{w|Third Industrial Revolution}} brings a shift from [[w:machine|mechanical]] and [[w:Analogue electronics|analogue electronic]] {{w|technology}} to {{w|digital electronics}}, marking thus the beginning of the history of {{w|electronic waste}} disposal.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History on the Electronic Waste Disposal Industry |url=https://ecycleatlanta.com/blog/brief-history-electronic-waste-disposal-industry/ |website=ecycleatlanta.com |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref> Throughout this century, waste generation increases exponentially.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borowy |first1=Iris |title=Waste between the 19th and the 21st century: the price of modernity or the sign of a misdirected development? |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/73374/announcements/1801913/waste-between-19th-and-21st-century-price-modernity-or-sign |website=networks.h-net.org |accessdate=28 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 20th 21s century ||Waste management continues to be a global challenge in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=David C |last2=Velis |first2=Costas |title=Waste management - Still a global challenge in the 21st century: An evidence-based call for action |doi=10.1177/0734242X15616055 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284223811_Waste_management_-_Still_a_global_challenge_in_the_21st_century_An_evidence-based_call_for_action}}</ref> In order to reduce solid waste generation rates, nations are considering restrictions on {{w|packaging}} and controls on products. Waste increasingly becomes sorted for recycling and mandatory recycling targets are being implemented. Landfills are being redesigned. Liners, impervious caps, and liquid collection systems are being introduced, while gas and groundwater are being routinely monitored.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skinner |first1=John H. |title=VII.2 Solid waste management policies for the 21st century |doi=10.1016/S0713-2743(04)80043-6 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251464753_VII2_Solid_waste_management_policies_for_the_21st_century}}</ref> In the developing world, a waste pickers movement consolidates.
|-
|}
 
=== Summary by decade ===
! Time period !! Development summary
|-
|}  {1900s | class="wikitable"! Time period !! Development summary | The first synthetic plastic is introduced, marking the beginning of the global plastics industry.
|-
| Middle Ages 1910s || After Cities in the fall of Rome, {{w|United States}} begin switching from horse–drawn to motorized waste collection and municipal sanitation begins a decline that would last throughout this eraequipment.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/>
|-
| 18th – 19th centuries 1920s || A dumping lever mechanism is introduced for garbage removal trucks. The {{w|Industrial revolutiongarbage disposal unit}} flourishes. Industrialization along sustained urban growth in Western Europe causes a rapid deterioration in levels of sanitation and the general quality of urban life.<ref>Florence Nightingale, ''[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/nightingale-rural.asp Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale]'', ed. Lucy Ridgely Seymer (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1954), pp. 38287</ref> Late is invented in the 19th century, a technological approach to solid-waste management begins to develop.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/> |-| 20th century || Municipal systems of waste disposal spring up at the turn of the century in large cities of Europe and North America. Technological advances continue during the first half of the century. Garbage grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems developUnited States.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/>
|-
| 1930s || The {{w|Dumpster}} is introduced in the United States.
|-
| 1940s || Disposal of {{w|packaging }} material increases by 67% after {{w|World War II }} as {{w|consumerism }} and {{w|obsolescence }} become entrenched in emerging {{w|developed countries}}.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/>
|-
| 1950s || Dempster develops as a refuse handling system.<ref name="The Early Dumpmaster"/> Rapid growth in global plastic production begins.<ref name="Plastic Pollution"/>
| 1960s || The first garbage bags meant for usage at homes appear during the decade.<ref name="Humans invent simplest but highly important things by mistake"/> Also, the first {{w|automated vacuum collection}} system is created in {{w|Sweden}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chutes to suck waste from estate |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7772752.stm |website=news.bbc.co.uk |accessdate=27 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1970s || Smaller {{w|dumpster}}s are introduced, often known as wheelie bins which are also emptied mechanically. The history of {{w|electronic waste}} disposal begins around this time.|-| 1980s || In the mid-1970s Petersen Industries introduce United States, public attention turns to the first grapple truck for dangers of improper disposal of “regulated {{w|municipal medical waste}} collection.
|-
| 1990s || Garbage trucks technology changes dramatically.<ref name="History of the Garbage Man"/> Societies start wasting food more than ever in the developed world.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/>
|-
| 2000s || A waste picker movement consolidates in the {{w|developing world}}, and the term "waste picker" emerges as a term to facilitate global communication.
|-
|}
| 3000 BC || {{w|Solid waste}} || || A {{w|landfill}} is developed in {{w|Knossos}}, {{w|Crete}}, with large holes dug for refuse. Garbage is dumped and filled with dirt at various levels.<ref name="History of the Garbage Man">{{cite web|title=History of the Garbage Man|url=http://www.garbagemanday.org/history-of-the-garbage-man/|website=garbagemanday.org|accessdate=14 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Greece}}
|-
| 2100 BC || || System introduction || The elite section in the city of {{w|Heraclopolis}} maintains a waste collection and disposal system.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|Egypt}}
|-
| 500 BC || {{w|Solid waste}} || Policy || A municipal dump is organized in {{w|Athens}}. Regulations require waste to be dumped at least a mile from the city limits.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice">{{cite book|last1=Chandrappa|first1=Ramesha|last2=Bhusan Das|first2=Diganta|title=Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8c4h3qshpJYC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22500+BC+%22+%22+municipal+dump%22+%22greece%22&source=bl&ots=r8nfQY1DuD&sig=_01OsTMVBtNdE5_eP9SykeXKtb0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFoObqydDVAhVGg5AKHQf5Bi0Q6AEIKTAB#v=onepage&q=%22500%20BC%20%22%20%22%20municipal%20dump%22%20%22greece%22&f=false|accessdate=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="paprec.comvv">{{cite web |title=THE HISTORY OF RECYCLING AROUND THE WORLD |url=https://www.paprec.com/en/understanding-recycling/recycling/history-recycling-around-world |website=paprec.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Greece}}
|-
| 100 AD || Glass waste || Waste source emergence || {{w|Glass}} cost rapidly declines. Large scale manufacturing, primarily in {{w|Alexandria}}, results in the establishment of glass as a commonly available material in the Roman world.<ref name="P. Toner p19">Toner, J. P. (2009) [https://books.google.com/books?id=7uHju5Jpzd0C&pg=PA19 ''Popular culture in ancient Rome'']. p. 19</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Glass Timeline - Important Dates and Facts in Glass History |url=http://www.historyofglass.com/glass-history/glass-timeline/ |website=historyofglass.com |accessdate=28 May 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Roman Empire}} region
|-
| 1350 || {{w|Solid waste}} || Policy || Britain makes a law mandating clean front yards. However, the law is not taken too seriously.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 1714 || {{w|Carrion}}, {{w|biological waste}} || Policy || Every city in {{w|England}} is required to have an official scavenger.<ref name="Solid-waste management">{{cite web|title=Solid-waste management|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management|website=britannica.com|accessdate=14 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1751 || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || System introduction || English official {{w|Corbyn Morris}} in {{w|London}} proposes a uniform public management for cleaning the city in order to preserve the health of the people.<ref name="Lewis">{{cite web|title=Centenary History of Waste and Waste Managers in London and South East England|first=Lewis|last=Herbert|publisher=Chartered Institution of Wastes Management|year=2007|url=http://ciwm.activedition.com/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.aspx?lID=1094&sID=469}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1757 || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || Service || The first municipal street–cleaning service in the United States is started in {{w|Philadelphia}} by {{w|Benjamin Franklin}}. During the same time period, American homes begin digging solid waste pits instead of throwing it out of doors and windows.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1842 || General || Publication || British {{w|Social reformer}}, {{w|Edwin Chadwick}} publishes report ''The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population'' in which he argues for the importance of adequate waste removal and management facilities to improve the health and wellbeing of the city's population.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report...from the Poor Law Commissioners on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain |location=London |year=1842 |pages=369-372 |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/history/chadwick2.html |last=Chadwick |first=Edwin}} via {{cite web |author=Laura Del Col |publisher=The Victorian Web |title=Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions |date=11 October 2002 |accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1848 || [[w:Environmental impact of the petroleum industry|Petroleum industry waste]] || Waste source emergence || The [[w:petroleum industry#History|petroleum industry]], both production and [[w:Petroleum refinery|refining]], begins with the first oil works in {{w|Scotland}}, when chemist [[w:James Young (Scottish chemist)|James Young]] sets up a tiny business refining the crude oil. This marks the beginning of petroleum derivatives.<ref name=russell>{{cite book | last = Russell | first = Loris S. | authorlink = | title = A Heritage of Light: Lamps and Lighting in the Early Canadian Home | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 2003 | location = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-8020-3765-8}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1853 || General || Organization (for-profit) || {{w|Veolia}} is founded in {{w|France}}. It operates [[w:water resource management|water management]], {{w|waste management}} and energy services.<ref>{{cite web |title=The history of Veolia: 1853-1900 |url=https://www.veolia.com/en/veolia-group/profile/history/1853-1900 |website=veolia.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Strauss |first1=Michael J. |title=Hostile Business and the Sovereign State: Privatized Governance, State Security and International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fnx_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT342&lpg=PT342&dq=1853+Veolia&source=bl&ots=Oa4S1yQzZU&sig=ACfU3U0n2Kh-MFYXIkplKQhYtkCJLnyI7Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUsP38xMznAhWzK7kGHRKNAUsQ6AEwDHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=1853%20Veolia&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
| 1874 || {{w|Solid waste}} || Facility || {{w|Waste-to-energy}}. The first incinerator is built in {{w|Nottingham}} by {{w|Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd.}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Centenary History of Waste and Waste Managers in London and South East England|first=Lewis|last=Herbert|publisher={{w|Chartered Institution of Wastes Management}}|year=2007|url=http://ciwm.activedition.com/nmsruntime/saveasdialog.aspx?lID=1094&sID=469|format=PDF}}</ref> This would mark a significant development in solid-waste treatment and disposal practices in the country.<ref name="Solid-waste management"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1875 || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || System introduction || The first household rubbish bins are introduced in Britain to create a regulated system of collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=TRASH WORTHY OFFICIAL |url=https://sites.google.com/site/trashworthyofficial/ |website=sites.google.com |accessdate=23 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
| 1870s || Chemical waste || Waste source emergence || {{w|Superphosphate}}s are produced in Great Britain, and start being shipped around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=50172&back=|title=Oxford DNB}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}|-| 1884 || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || System introduction || {{w|Eugène Poubelle}} introduces the first integrated {{w|kerbside collection}} and recycling system, requiring residents to separate their waste into perishable items, paper and cloth, and crockery and shells. Poubelle also establishes rules for how private collectors and city workers should cooperate and develops standard dimensions for refuse containers. His name in {{w|France}} is now synonymous with the garbage can.<ref>Frederique Krupa, [http://www.translucency.com/frede/parisproject/garbage1789_1900.html Parisian Garbage from 1789-1900], ''Paris: Urban Sanitation Before the 20th Century: A History of Invisible Infrastructure''</ref><ref name="paprec.comvv"/> || {{w|France}}
|-
| 1885 || {{w|Solid waste}} || Facility || The first waste incinerator in the United States is built in {{w|Governors Island}}, New York.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Energy Recovery - Basic Information|publisher=US EPA|url=http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/wte/basic.htm}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1895 || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || System introduction || {{w|New York City}} becomes the first U.S. city with public-sector garbage management.<ref name="NWRA">{{cite web|last=National Waste & Recycling Association |url=http://www.environmentalistseveryday.org/publications-solid-waste-industry-research/information/history-of-solid-waste-management/early-america-industrial-revolution.php |title=History of Solid Waste Management |location= Washington, D.C. |accessdate=11 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1896 || {{w|Solid waste}} || Organization || {{w|Cory Environmental}} is founded in {{w|England}}. It provides services in the collection, recycling and disposal of waste.<ref>{{cite web |title=The history of Cory |url=https://www.coryenergy.com/about-us/our-history/ |website=coryenergy.com |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Plunkett's Renewable, Alternative & Hydrogen Energy Industry Almanac 2008 |edition=Jack W. Plunkett |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yNXShPFh2I4C&pg=PT214&dq=1896+Cory+Environmental&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjep435ysznAhVpG7kGHbV-Ca8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1896%20Cory%20Environmental&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 1916 || General || Technology || Cities in the United States begin switching from horse–drawn to motorized {{w|waste collection}} equipment.<ref name="Solid Waste Management: Principles and Practice"/> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1927 || {{w|Solid waste}} || Technology || The {{w|garbage disposal unit was }} is invented by John W. Hammes, an {{w|architect}} in {{w|Wisconsin}}.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200724.html | title=Grist for the Daily Grind | newspaper={{w|The Washington Post}} | author=Denise DiFulco | date=August 23, 2007 | accessdate=28 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1920s || {{w|Municipal solid waste}} || Technology || A dumping lever mechanism is introduced for {{w|garbage removal truck}}s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hardrawgathering.co.uk/covered-bodies/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20150106135610/http://www.hardrawgathering.co.uk/covered-bodies/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2015-01-06|title=Covered Bodies}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 1956 || General || Publication || The ''{{w|Journal of Environmental Engineering}}'' launches. Papers focus on engineering methods, impacts of wastewater collection and treatment; watershed contamination; environmental biology; nonpoint-source pollution on watersheds; air pollution and acid deposition; solid waste management.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oerther named associate editor of environmental engineering journal |url=https://econnection.mst.edu/2017/12/oerther-named-associate-editor-of-environmental-engineering-journal/ |website=econnection.mst.edu |accessdate=27 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 1957 || {{w|Space debris}} || Waste source emergence || Space debris begin to accumulate in Earth orbit immediately with the [[w:Sputnik 1|first launch]] of an {{w|artificial satellite}} into orbit in 1957.<ref name="Hoots">{{cite journal | last1 = Felix Hoots | first1 = Paul Schumacher Jr. | last2 = Glover | first2 = Robert | year = 2004| title = History of Analytical Orbit Modeling in the U.S. Space Surveillance System | url = | journal = Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics | volume = 27 | issue = 2| pages = 174–185 | doi=10.2514/1.9161| bibcode = 2004JGCD...27..174H}}</ref> ||
|-
| 1957 || {{w|Hazardous waste}} || Policy (international law) || The {{w|European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road}} i done at {{w|Geneva}}. The key article of the agreement, which say that apart from some excessively dangerous goods, other dangerous goods may be carried internationally in road vehicles subject to compliance with: (i) the conditions laid down in Annex A for the goods in question, in particular as regards their packaging and labelling; and (II) the conditions laid down in Annex B, in particular as regards the construction, equipment and operation of the vehicle carrying the goods in question.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the ADR |url=https://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/adr/adr_e.html |website=unece.org |accessdate=24 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}
| 2018 || General || Policy || The Chinese National Sword comes into effect in February to ban imports of 24 types of waste material and set a tougher standard for contamination levels in others. Many scrap materials are banned and others are not accepted unless they meet an extremely strict contamination rate of 0.5 percent. This policy would be regarded by many as a “catastrophe” that will have a “devastating impact” on global recycling.<ref>{{cite web |title=COULD THE CHINESE NATIONAL SWORD INSPIRE GLOBAL RECYCLING INNOVATION? |url=https://recycling.tomra.com/blog/chinese-national-sword-inspire-global-recycling-innovation |website=recycling.tomra.com |accessdate=4 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How American Recycling Is Changing After China’s National Sword |url=https://www.citylab.com/environment/2019/04/recycling-waste-management-us-china-national-sword-change/584665/ |website=citylab.com |accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
|-
| 2018 || General || Program launch || The {{w|World Economic Forum}}, {{w|World Resources Institute}}, {{w|Philips}}, {{w|Ellen MacArthur Foundation}}, {{w|United Nations Environment Programme}}, and over 40 other partners launch the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE). The {{w|circular economy}} is an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sdg.iisd.org:443/news/wef-launches-public-private-platform-on-circular-economy/|title=WEF Launches Public-Private Platform on Circular Economy {{!}} News {{!}} SDG Knowledge Hub {{!}} IISD|last=Hub|first=IISD's SDG Knowledge|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> |||-| 2019 || {{w|Plastic waste}} || Research || A research group led by scientists of {{w|Washington State University}} finds a way to turn plastic waste products into jet fuel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-06-group-plastic-products-jet-fuel.html|title=Research group finds way to turn plastic waste products into jet fuel|website=phys.org}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
| 2019 || {{w|Plastic waste}} || Policy || {{w|California}} introduces legislation proposing a phase out of single-use plastic products by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recycling is going to waste! |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/energysource/recycling-is-going-to-waste/ |website=atlanticcouncil.org |accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
62,434
edits

Navigation menu