Changes

! Year/period !! Key developments!! Key people !! Key organizations

| 1800s–1970 pre-1970 || Wild-animal suffering is occasionally mentioned by philosophers as an example of the amorality of nature. In general, there is little discussion of whether humans should intervene to improve the situation.|| Leonardo da Vinci, David Hume, Lewis Gompertz, Giacomo Leopardi, Arthur Schopenhauer, Charles Darwin, John Stuart Mill, J. Howard Moore ||

| 1970–2000 1970–2004 || After the emergence of the contemporary animal rights/welfare movement, wild-animal suffering is discussed by animal rights philosophers and their critics. The critics consider intervention in nature a reductio ad absurdum of animal rights, while some animal rights authors take it to be a serious moral issue.Most discussion takes place through journals, and discussion participants are mostly academics || Peter Singer, David Olivier, Yew Kwang-Ng, David Pearce (early emergence) ||

| 2000–present 2005–2012 || Online communities dedicated to utilitarian ethics and effective altruism discuss During this period, interest in wild-animal suffering blossoms with the help of the Internet. Prolific and passionate individuals such as Brian Tomasik, David Pearce, and Oscar Horta play a serious issue. Activists begin forming organizations dedicated to WAS research leading role in creating content and outreachbirthing online communities. The academic moral philosophy community also continues debating the issue.|| Brian Tomasik, David Pearce, Oscar Horta ||

! Year !! Month and date !! Event type !! People involved !! Details|-| 1487–1501 || || Publication || {{w|Leonardo da Vinci}} || Leonardo da Vinci in his notebooks laments the suffering experienced by wild animals due to predation and reproduction.<ref>{{Cite book|last=da Vinci|first=Leonardo|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5000|title=The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci — Complete|date=2004-01-01|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=1888|pages=|at=folio 1219|language=English|translator-last=Richter|translator-first=Jean Paul|quote=Why did nature not ordain that one animal should not live by the death of another? Nature, being inconstant and taking pleasure in creating and making constantly new lives and forms, because she knows that her terrestrial materials become thereby augmented, is more ready and more swift in her creating, than time in his destruction; and so she has ordained that many animals shall be food for others. Nay, this not satisfying her desire, to the same end she frequently sends forth certain poisonous and pestilential vapours upon the vast increase and congregation of animals; and most of all upon men, who increase vastly because other animals do not feed upon them; and, the causes being removed, the effects would not follow. This earth therefore seeks to lose its life, desiring only continual reproduction; and as, by the argument you bring forward and demonstrate, like effects always follow like causes, animals are the image of the world.}}</ref>|-| 1779 || || Publication || {{w|David Hume}} || David Hume in his posthumous work ''{{w|Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion}}'' makes reference to the antagonism experienced and inflicted by wild animals upon each other.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hume|first=David|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4583|title=Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion|date=|publisher=|year=1779|isbn=|location=|pages=|language=English|quote=Observe [...] the curious artifices of nature, in order to embitter the life of every living being. The stronger prey upon the weaker, and keep them in perpetual terror and anxiety. The weaker too, in their turn, often prey upon the stronger, and vex and molest them without relaxation. Consider that innumerable race of insects, which either are bred on the body of each animal, or flying about infix their stings in him. These insects have others still less than themselves, which torment them. And thus on each hand, before and behind, above and below, every animal is surrounded with enemies, which incessantly seek his misery and destruction.}}</ref>|-| 1821 || || Publication || {{w|Joseph de Maistre}} || Joseph de Maistre in his ''Saint Petersburg Dialogues'', describes the extent of suffering and violent deaths experienced by animals in the wild.<ref>{{Cite book|last=de Maistre|first=Joseph|url=http://maistre.uni.cx/st_petersburg.html|title=Saint Petersburg Dialogues|date=|publisher=|year=1821|isbn=|location=|pages=|chapter=Seventh Dialogue|language=English|quote=In the immense sphere of living things, the obvious rule is violence, a kind of inevitable frenzy which arms all things ''in mutua funera''. Once you leave the world of insensible substances, you find the decree of violent death written on the very frontiers of life. Even in the vegetable kingdom, this law can be perceived: from the huge catalpa to the smallest of grasses, how many plants ''die'' and how many are ''killed''! But once you enter the animal kingdom, the law suddenly becomes frighteningly obvious. A power at once hidden and palpable appears constantly occupied in bringing to light the principle of life by violent means. In each great division of the animal world, it has chosen a certain number of animals charged with devouring the others; so there are insects of prey, reptiles of prey, birds of prey, fish of prey, and quadrupeds of prey. There is not an instant of time when some living creature is not devoured by another [...] Thus is worked out, from maggots up to man, the universal law of the violent destruction of living beings. The whole earth, continually steeped in blood, is nothing but an immense altar on which every living thing must be sacrificed without end, without restraint, without respite until the consummation of the world, the extinction of evil, the death of death.}}</ref>|-| 1824 || || Publication || {{w|Lewis Gompertz}} || Lewis Gompertz in ''Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes'' explores predation as a moral issue and advocates intervening to prevent it in certain circumstances.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gompertz|first=Lewis|url=https://archive.org/details/moralinquiriesonthesituationofmanandofbrutes-lewisgompertz|title=Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes|date=|publisher=Centaur|year=1992|isbn=|editor1-last=Singer|editor1-first=Peter|location=Fontwell|pages=93–94|language=English|quote=Y: As you think it wrong for man to kill other animals for food, do you also think it wrong that animals should devour each other? As this is the general law of nature.<br>Z: It appears wrong, according to the rules by which we govern our own actions to each other; and should I witness the attempt in any animal of destroying another, I would endeavour to frustrate it; though this might probably be wrong.}}</ref>|-| 1824 || {{dts|May 30}} || Publication || {{w|Giacomo Leopardi}} || Giacomo Leopardi engages in a dialogue with Nature in "Dialogo della Natura e di un Islandese" ("Dialogue between Nature and an Icelander"), questioning why Nature brings humans and other animals into existence only to inflict suffering and death upon them.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Leopardi|first=Giacomo|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52356|title=Essays and Dialogues|date=|publisher=Trübner & Co.|year=1882|isbn=|editor1-last=Singer|editor1-first=Peter|location=Ludgate Hill|pages=78–79|language=English|translator-last=Edwardes|translator-first=Charles|quote=Thus I reply to you. I am well aware you did not make the world for the service of men. It were easier to believe that you made it expressly as a place of torment for them. But tell me: why am I here at all? Did I ask to come into the world? Or am I here unnaturally, contrary to your will? If however, you yourself have placed me here, without giving me the power of acceptance or refusal of this gift of life, ought you not as far as possible to try and make me happy, or at least preserve me from the evils and dangers, which render my sojourn a painful one? And what I say of myself, I say of the whole human race, and of every living creature.}}</ref>|-| 1851 || || Publication || {{w|Arthur Schopenhauer}} || Arthur Schopenhauer compares the pleasure experienced by a predator to the pain experienced by the prey to argue that the world contains more pain than pleasure.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schopenhauer|first1=Arthur|title=On the Sufferings of the World|date=1851|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_the_Sufferings_of_the_World|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720223325/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On_the_Sufferings_of_the_World<!--https://archive.fo/GMP30-->|archivedate=2018-07-20|deadurl=no|quote=The pleasure in this world, it has been said, outweighs the pain; or, at any rate, there is an even balance between the two. If the reader wishes to see shortly whether this statement is true, let him compare the respective feelings of two animals, one of which is engaged in eating the other.}}</ref>|-| 1856 || {{dts|July 13}} || Publication || {{w|Charles Darwin}}, {{w|Joseph Dalton Hooker}} || In a letter to Joseph Dalton Hooker, Charles Darwin discusses the wastefulness and cruelty of nature as an evidence against the existence of a benevolent God.<ref name="Murray">{{cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Michael|title=Nature Red in Tooth and Claw: Theism and the Problem of Animal Suffering|date=April 30, 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199596324|url=https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Red-Tooth-Claw-Suffering/dp/0199596328/}}</ref>|-| 1860 || {{dts|May 22}} || Publication || Charles Darwin, {{w|Asa Gray}} || In a letter to Asa Gray, Charles Darwin cites wild-animal suffering—in particular, the suffering inflicted by parasitic wasps to caterpillar hosts—as an example of the theological [[wikipedia:problem of evil|problem of evil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2814 | title=Letter 2814&nbsp;— Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] |date= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721013446/https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2814.xml<!--https://archive.is/u1c9H--> |archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no|quote=With respect to the theological view of the question; this is always painful to me.— I am bewildered.— I had no intention to write atheistically. But I own that I cannot see, as plainly as others do, & as I [should] wish to do, evidence of design & beneficence on all sides of us. There seems to me too much misery in the world. I cannot persuade myself that a beneficent & omnipotent God would have designedly created the [[wikipedia:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidæ]] with the express intention of their feeding within the living bodies of caterpillars, or that a cat should play with mice.}}</ref>|-| 1874 || || Publication || {{w|John Stuart Mill}} || John Stuart Mill's essay "On Nature" is published posthumously. The essay discusses the amorality and cruelty of nature and argues that humans should struggle against it.<ref>JS Mill. On Nature.</ref>

| 1851 1899 || || Publication || Arthur Schopenhauer compares {{w|J. Howard Moore}} || J. Howard Moore in ''Better World Philosophy'' laments the pleasure experienced by a predator to the pain experienced by the prey to argue that the world contains more pain than pleasure.existence of carnivorous animals,<ref>{{cite Cite book|last1last=SchopenhauerMoore|first1first=Arthur|title=On the Sufferings of the World|date=1851John Howard|url=httpshttp://en.wikisourcearchive.org/wikidetails/On_the_Sufferings_of_the_Worldbetterworldphilo00mooruoft|archiveurltitle=Better-World Philosophy: A Sociological Synthesis|date=|publisher=The Ward Waugh Company|others=|year=1899|isbn=|location=Chicago|pages=[https://web.archive.org/webdetails/betterworldphilo00mooruoft/20180720223325page/https:162/mode/en2up 123–125]|quote=The chief activities of beings, both human and non-human, are put forth, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of procuring food. The suppression, entire or partial, of one being by another for nutritive purposes is, therefore, the form of the most frequent and excessive egoism. The lowly forms of life—the worms, echinoderms, mollusks, and the like—are, for the most part, vegetarians. So, also, are prevalently the insects, birds, rodents, and ungulates.wikisourceThese creatures are not, as a rule, aggressively harmful to each other, chiefly indifferent.orgBut upon these inoffensive races feed with remorseless maw the reptilia, the insectivora, and the carnivora. These being-eaters cause to the earth-world its bloodiest experiences. It is their nature (established organically by long selection, or, as in the case of man, acquired tentatively) to subsist, not on the kingdom of the plant, the natural and primal storehouse of animal energy, but on the skeletons and sensibilities of their neighbors and friends. The serpent dines on the sparrow and the sparrow ingulfs the gnat; the tiger slays the jungle-fowl and the coyote plunders the lamb; the seal subsists on fish and the ''ursus maritimus'' subsists on seal; the ant enslaves the aphidae and man eats and enslaves what can not get away from him. Life riots on life—tooth and talon, beak and paw. It is a sickening contemplation, but life everywhere, in its aspect of activity, is largely made up of the struggle by one being against another for existence—of the effort by one being to circumvent, subjugate, or destroy another, and of the counter effort to reciprocate or escape.}}</wiki/On_the_Sufferings_of_the_Worldref> he argues for a "Confederation of the Consciousnesses", as an ideal arrangement of the living universe, where sentient individuals of all species—excluding the irredeemable carnivora—bring together their individual talents and collaborate for the benefit of all.<!--httpsref>{{Cite book|last=Moore|first=John Howard|url=http://archive.foorg/GMP30details/betterworldphilo00mooruoft|title=Better-->World Philosophy: A Sociological Synthesis|date=|publisher=The Ward Waugh Company|others=|year=1899|archivedateisbn=2018-07-20|deadurllocation=noChicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/betterworldphilo00mooruoft/page/162/mode/2up 162–163]|quote=It is not possible, and it never will be possible, to organize all the beings occupying space into one immense confederacy. This would be ideal, but from the inexorable nature of things it can never be. The pleasure in this worlddenizens of the sea depths can not correlate with the inhabitants of the clouds. The lion can not fraternize with the lamb, it has nor the hawk with the sparrow. The natures of beings have been saidevolved thru war, outweighs and they are in large part irredeemably antagonistic. But the pain; orapproximation, at any rateif honest, there may be more successful than is an even balance between supposed, and may include many species not human. The bird may contribute his song and plumage, the sheep his fleece, the horse, the ox, the elephant, and the camel their strength or speed, the two. If cow and the reader wishes to see shortly whether this statement is truefowl their secretions, let zir compare the respective feelings dog his fidelity, and man his art. The ultimate and ideal aggregation of two animalsthe living universe will not be a pan-American union nor a Euro-American league, one of which nor even an aggregation whose spirit is engaged embodied in eating a parliament of man, but the otherwidest and most consummate possible ''Confederation of the Consciousnesses''.]}}</ref>

| 1856 1906 ||| {{dts|July 13}} Publication || Publication J. Howard Moore || In a letter his book ''{{w|The Universal Kinship}}'', J. Howard Moore argues that the egoism of sentient beings—a product of natural selection—which leads them to Joseph Dalton Hookerexploit their sentient fellows, Charles Darwin discusses is the wastefulness and cruelty most mournful fact of nature as an evidence against the existence of , and speculates whether a benevolent Godsufficiently sympathetic human could significantly improve this situation if given the chance.<ref name="Murray">{{cite Cite book|last1last=MurrayMoore|first1first=MichaelJ. Howard (John Howard)|titleurl=Nature Red in Tooth and Clawhttp: Theism and the Problem of Animal Suffering//archive.org/details/universalkinship00moor|datetitle=April 30, 2011The Universal Kinship|publisher=Oxford University PressCharles H. Kerr & Co.|year=1906|isbn=978-0199596324|urllocation=Chicago|pages=249–250|quote=https://wwwThe preponderance of egoism in the natures of living beings is the most mournful and immense fact in the phenomena of conscious life. It has made the world the kind of world it would have been had the gods actually emptied their wrath vials upon it. Brotherhood is anomalous, and, even in its highest manifestations, is but the expression of a veiled and calculating egoism. Inhumanity is everywhere. The whole planet is steeped in it. Every creature faces an inhospitable universeful, and every life is a campaign.amazonIt has all come about as a result of the mindless and inhuman manner in which life has been developed on the earth.com/NatureIt has been said that an individual of unlimited faculties and infinite goodness and power made this world and endowed it with ways of acting, and that this individual, as the world's executive, continues to determine its phenomena by inspiring the order of its events. But one cannot help thinking sometimes, when, in his more daring and vivid moments, he comes to comprehend the real character and condition of the world, what a discrepancy exists between the reputation of this builder and his works, and cannot help wondering whether an ordinary human being with only common-Red-Tooth-Claw-Suffering/dp/0199596328/sense and insight and an average concern for the welfare of the world would not make a great improvement in terrestrial affairs if he only had the opportunity for a while.}}</ref>

| 1860 1932 || || Publication || {{dtsw|May 22Clarence Darrow}} || Publication || In a letter to Asa Gray, Charles Darwin cites wild-animal suffering—in particularhis autobiography ''The Story of My Life'', Clarence Darrow describes in detail the brutality of the suffering inflicted experienced by parasitic wasps to caterpillar hosts—as an example of animals in the theological [[wikipedia:problem of evil|problem of evil]]wild.<ref>{{cite web Cite book|last=Darrow|first=Clarence|url=httpshttp://wwwgutenberg.darwinprojectnet.acau/ebooks05/0500951h.uk/entry-2814 html| title=Letter 2814&nbsp;— Darwin, C. R. to Gray, Asa, 22 May [1860] The Story of My Life|publisher=|dateyear= 1932|archiveurlisbn=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721013446/https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2814.xml<!--https://archive.is/u1c9H--> |archivedatelocation=2018-07-21|deadurlpages=no|quote=With respect Whichever way man may look upon the earth, he is oppressed with the suffering incident to life. It would almost seem as though the earth had been created with malignity and hatred. If we look at what we are pleased to call the lower animals, we behold a universal carnage. We speak of the seemingly peaceful woods, but we need only look beneath the surface to be horrified by the theological view misery of that underworld. Hidden in the grass and watching for its prey is the crawling snake which swiftly darts upon the questiontoad or mouse and gradually swallows it alive; this the hapless animal is always painful crushed by the jaws and covered with slime, to be slowly digested in furnishing a meal. The snake knows nothing about sin or pain inflicted upon another; he automatically grabs insects and mice and frogs to mepreserve his life.— I am bewilderedThe spider carefully weaves his web to catch the unwary fly, winds him into the fatal net until paralyzed and helpless, then drinks his blood and leaves him an empty shell.— I had no intention The hawk swoops down and snatches a chicken and carries it to its nest to feed its young. The wolf pounces on the lamb and tears it to write atheisticallyshreds. But I own that I cannot seeThe cat watches at the hole of the mouse until the mouse cautiously comes out, as plainly as others dothen with seeming fiendish glee he plays with it until tired of the game, & as I [should] wish then crunches it to do, evidence death in his jaws. The beasts of design & beneficence on all sides the jungle roam by day and night to find their prey; the lion is endowed with strength of uslimb and fang to destroy and devour almost any animal that it can surprise or overtake. There seems to me too much misery is no place in the worldwoods or air or sea where all life is not a carnage of death in terror and agony. I cannot persuade myself that Each animal is a beneficent & omnipotent God would have designedly created hunter, and in turn is hunted, by day and night. No landscape is so beautiful or day so balmy but the cry of suffering and sacrifice rends the air. When night settles down over the earth the [[wikipedia:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidæ]] with slaughter is not abated. Some creatures see best at night, and the express intention outcry of their feeding within the living bodies dying and terrified is always on the wind. Almost all animals meet death by violence and through the most agonizing pain. With the whole animal creation there is nothing like a peaceful death. Nowhere in nature is there the slightest evidence of kindness, of caterpillarsconsideration, or that a cat should play with micefeeling for the suffering and the weak, except in the narrow circle of brief family life.}}</ref>

| 1874 1952 || {{dts|August}} || Publication || John Stuart Mill's essay {{w|Alexander Skutch}} || Alexander Skutch publishes "On NatureWhich Shall We Protect? Thoughts on the Ethics of the Treatment of Free Life" is published posthumously. The essay , in which he discusses the amorality and cruelty of nature and argues that humans should struggle against itideal ethical relations towards "free life"; including predation.<ref>JS Mill{{cite journal|last=Skutch|first=Alexander F.|title=Which Shall We Protect? Thoughts on the Ethics of the Treatment of Free Life|journal=The Aryan Path|year=1952|volume=23|issue=|pages=382–386|url=https://www.alexanderskutch. On Naturecom/uploads/7/0/1/0/70104897/1952_aryan_protect_382-386.pdf|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 1973 1962 || {{dts|June 14July}} || Publication || [[wikipedia:Peter SingerAlexander Skutch ||Peter Singer]] responds to a question about predation, arguing against interference in practice because Alexander Skutch publishes "Vegetarianism and the long-term consequences Evil of intervention cannot be predicted. HoweverPredation", in which he accepts argues that intervention vegetarianism is a direct response to reduce wild-animal suffering would be morally justified if one could be reasonably confident that the longgreatest and most far-term effects would be positivereaching evil of all—predation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1last=SingerSkutch|first1first=PeterAlexander F.|title=Food for ThoughtVegetarianism and the Evil of Predation|journal=The Aryan Path|year=1962|volume=33|issue=|pages=298–302|url=https://www.nybooksalexanderskutch.com/articlesuploads/archives7/19730/jun1/140/food70104897/1962_aryan_vegetarianism_298-for-thought/302.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509205824/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1973/06/14/food-for-thought/<!--https://archive.fo/WkUXS-->|archivedate=2018-05-09|deadurl=no|journal=The New York Review of Books|date=June 14, 1973}}</ref>

| 1979 1973 || {{dts|June 14}} || Publication || [[wikipedia:Stephen R. L. Clark{{w|Peter Singer}} ||Stephen R. L. Clark]]'s article "The Rights Peter Singer responds to a question about predation, arguing against interference in practice because the long-term consequences of Wild Things" is publishedintervention cannot be predicted. It argues However, he accepts that humans should defend intervention to reduce wild animals against unusually large dangers, but should not try to regulate all of nature-animal suffering would be morally justified if one could be reasonably confident that the long-term effects would be positive.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00201747908601871|last1=ClarkSinger|first1=Stephen R. L.Peter|title= The Rights of Wild Things|journal=Inquiry|volume=22|number=1-4|pages=171-188|year=1979|publisher=RoutledgeFood for Thought|url=https://www.stafforininybooks.com/docsarticles/archives/1973/jun/14/Clark%20food-for-%20The%20rights%20of%20wild%20things.pdfthought/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072200282920180509205824/httphttps://www.stafforininybooks.com/docsarticles/Clark%201973/06/14/food-%20The%20rights%20of%20wild%20thingsfor-thought/<!--https://archive.pdffo/WkUXS-->|archivedate=2018-0705-2209|deadurl=no|quotejournal=It has been argued that if non‐human animals had rights we should be obliged to defend them against predators. I contend that this either does not followThe New York Review of Books|date=June 14, follows in the abstract but not in practice, or is not absurd. We should defend non‐humans against large or unusual dangers, when we can, but should not claim so much authority as to regulate all the relationships of wild things.1973}}</ref>

| 1980 1979 || || Publication || Environmental philosopher [[wikipedia:J{{w|Stephen R. L. Baird CallicottClark}} |J| Stephen R. Baird Callicott]]L. Clark's article "Animal Liberation: A Triangular AffairThe Rights of Wild Things" is published. It discusses conflicts between animal liberation and environmental ethicsargues that humans should defend wild animals against unusually large dangers, but should not try to regulate all of nature.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00201747908601871|last1=CallicottClark|first1=JStephen R. L. Baird|title=Animal Liberation: A Triangular AffairThe Rights of Wild Things|journal=Environmental Ethics|date=1980Inquiry|volume=222|issuenumber=1-4<!-- |pagepages=336 -171->188|pagesyear=311–3381979|doipublisher=10.5840/enviroethics19802424Routledge|url=httphttps://www.pdcnetstafforini.orgcom/8525737F00580E30docs/file/8813D88B6BDC1D56C12573E50035E78D/$FILE/enviroethics_1980_0002_0004_0023_0050Clark%20-%20The%20rights%20of%20wild%20things.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018040917135720180722002829/httpshttp://www.pdcnetstafforini.orgcom/8525737F00580E30docs/file/8813D88B6BDC1D56C12573E50035E78D/$FILE/enviroethics_1980_0002_0004_0023_0050Clark%20-%20The%20rights%20of%20wild%20things.pdf|archivedate=2018-0407-0922|deadurl=no|quote=It has been argued that if non‐human animals had rights we should be obliged to defend them against predators. I contend that this either does not follow, follows in the abstract but not in practice, or is not absurd. We should defend non‐humans against large or unusual dangers, when we can, but should not claim so much authority as to regulate all the relationships of wild things.}}</ref>

| 1984 1980 || (summer) || Publication || {{w|J. Baird Callicott}} || Environmental philosopher Mark SagoffJ. Baird Callicott's article "Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick DivorceA Triangular Affair" is published. It discusses conflicts between animal liberation and environmental ethics.<ref name=Sagoff1984>{{cite journal|lastlast1=SagoffCallicott|firstfirst1=MarkJ. Baird|title=Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick DivorceA Triangular Affair|journal=Osgode Hall Law JournalEnvironmental Ethics|yeardate=19841980|volume=222|issue=24<!-- |page=336 -->|pages=297–307311–338|doi=10.5840/enviroethics19802424|url=httpshttp://digitalcommonswww.osgoodepdcnet.yorku.caorg/8525737F00580E30/file/8813D88B6BDC1D56C12573E50035E78D/cgi$FILE/viewcontentenviroethics_1980_0002_0004_0023_0050.cgi?article=1936&context=ohljpdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2016060221520620180409171357/https://digitalcommonswww.osgoodepdcnet.yorku.caorg/8525737F00580E30/file/8813D88B6BDC1D56C12573E50035E78D/cgi$FILE/viewcontentenviroethics_1980_0002_0004_0023_0050.cgi?article=1936&context=ohljpdf|archivedate=20162018-0604-0209|deadurl=no}}</ref> The article argues that animal liberation and environmental ethics are incompatible. It claims that animal liberationists may be committed to supporting large-scale intervention to reduce wild-animal suffering, and argues that this should be taken as a reductio if one supports environmental ethics.

| 1987 1984 || (summer) || Publication || Animal rights Mark Sagoff || Environmental philosopher [[wikipedia:Steve Sapontzis|Steve Sapontzis]]Mark Sagoff's article "PredationAnimal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce" is published in ''Ethics and Animals''.<refname=Sagoff1984>{{cite journal |last1last=Sapontzis Sagoff|first1first=Steve F. Mark|title=Predation Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce|journal=Ethics and Animals Osgode Hall Law Journal|dateyear=1984 |volume=5 22|issue=2 |doipages=10.15368/ea.1984v5n2.1 297–307|url=https://digitalcommons.calpolyosgoode.yorku.educa/ethicsandanimals/vol5/iss2/4cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1936&context=ohlj|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071217023120160602215206/https://digitalcommons.calpolyosgoode.yorku.educa/ethicsandanimals/vol5/iss2/4cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1936&context=ohlj|archivedate=20182016-0706-12 02|deadurl=no |language=en |issn=0197-9094}}</ref>The article argues that animal liberation and environmental ethics are incompatible. It claims that animal liberationists may be committed to supporting large-scale intervention to reduce wild-animal suffering, and argues that this should be taken as a reductio if one supports environmental ethics.

| 1991 1987 || || Publication || Deep ecologist [[wikipedia:Arne Naess{{w|Steve Sapontzis}} ||Arne Naess]] publishes an Animal rights philosopher Steve Sapontzis's article arguing that humans should intervene "Predation" is published in some cases of wild-animal suffering''Ethics and Animals''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=NaessSapontzis |first1=ArneSteve F. |title=Should We Try to Relieve Clear Cases of Suffering in Nature?Predation |journal=Pan EcologyEthics and Animals |date=19911984 |volume=65 |pagesissue=1–52 |doi=10.15368/ea.1984v5n2.1 |url=https://wwwdigitalcommons.abolitionistcalpoly.comedu/ethicsandanimals/reprogrammingvol5/iss2/4/suffering-nature.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2016112015070320180712170231/https://wwwdigitalcommons.abolitionist.com/reprogramming/suffering-naturecalpoly.pdf<!--https:edu/ethicsandanimals/www.webcitation.org/713wSNSo3, https:vol5/iss2/archive.fo4/GCANh-->|archivedate=20162018-1107-2012 |deadurl=no|language=en |issn=0197-9094}}</ref>

| 1993 1991 || || Publication || {{dtsw|JuneArne Naess}} || Publication || David Olivier Deep ecologist Arne Naess publishes the an article "Pourquoi je ne suis pas écologiste" (Why I am not an environmentalist) arguing that humans should intervene in the French some cases of wild-animal rights journal ''Les Cahiers antispécistes''suffering.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Olivier Naess|first1=David Arne|title=Pourquoi je ne suis pas écologiste |trans-title= Why I am not an environmentalist Should We Try to Relieve Clear Cases of Suffering in Nature?|journal= Les Cahiers antispécistes Pan Ecology|date=June 1993 1991|volume=7 6|pages=1–5|url=https://www.cahiers-antispecistesabolitionist.orgcom/reprogramming/pourquoisuffering-je-ne-suis-pas-ecologiste/ nature.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2017101618364820161120150703/https://www.cahiers-antispecistesabolitionist.orgcom/reprogramming/pourquoisuffering-jenature.pdf<!-ne-suishttps://www.webcitation.org/713wSNSo3, https://archive.fo/GCANh-pas-ecologiste/ >|archivedate=20172016-1011-16 20| deadurl=no |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

| 1995 1993 || {{dts|June}} || Publication || Economist [[wikipedia:Yew-Kwang NgDavid Olivier ||Yew-Kwang Ng]]'s paper David Olivier publishes the article "Towards Welfare Biology: Evolutionary Economics of Animal Consciousness and SufferingPourquoi je ne suis pas écologiste" is published (Why I am not an environmentalist) in the French animal rights journal ''Biology and PhilosophyLes Cahiers antispécistes''.<ref>{{cite journal|lastlast1=Olivier |first1=NgDavid |firsttitle=YewPourquoi je ne suis pas écologiste |trans-Kwang|title=Towards Welfare Biology: Evolutionary Economics of Animal Consciousness and SufferingWhy I am not an environmentalist |journal=Biology and PhilosophyLes Cahiers antispécistes |yeardate=1995June 1993 |volume=10|issue=3|pages=255–2857 |url=https://www.stafforinicahiers-antispecistes.comorg/librarypourquoi-je-ne-suis-pas-ecologiste/ng-1995.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062211312920171016183648/https://www.stafforinicahiers-antispecistes.com/libraryorg/ngpourquoi-1995.pdf|archivedate=2018je-06ne-22<!suis-pas-http:ecologiste//www.webcitation.org/713tcQYz0 (downloads as attachment), https://archive.is/K4xZa (somewhat screwed up as it's a Google Cache of a PDF)|archivedate=2017-10->16 |deadurl=no|doilanguage=10.1007/BF00852469fr-FR}}</ref> Ng introduces the term "welfare biology" (cf. [[wikipedia:conservation biology|conservation biology]]), which he defines as the positive study of the well-being of affectively sentient individuals. He discusses which species possess affective sentience. Ng then mentions that many species produce a large number of offspring, only a few of which survive to maturity. The paper argues that non-survivors suffer negative welfare. Since non-survivors greatly outnumber survivors, Ng considers this evidence in favor of the "Buddhist premise" (that wild animals experience more total suffering than happiness).

| 1995 || || Publication || [[wikipedia{{w|Yew-Kwang Ng}} || Economist Yew-Kwang Ng's paper "Towards Welfare Biology:David Pearce (philosopher)|David Pearce]] publishes zirs transhumanist manifesto Evolutionary Economics of Animal Consciousness and Suffering" is published in ''The Hedonistic ImperativeBiology and Philosophy'', which argues that biotechnology can and should be used to eliminate the experience of suffering.<ref>{{cite bookjournal|last=Ng|authorfirst=Pearce, DavidYew-Kwang|title=The Hedonistic ImperativeTowards Welfare Biology: Evolutionary Economics of Animal Consciousness and Suffering|journal=Biology and Philosophy|year=1995|volume=10|issue=3|pages=255–285|url=https://www.hedwebstafforini.com/hedablibrary/ng-1995.htmpdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018052723262620180622113129/https://www.hedwebstafforini.com/hedablibrary/ng-1995.htmpdf|archivedate=2018-0506-22<!--http://www.webcitation.org/713tcQYz0 (downloads as attachment), https://archive.is/K4xZa (somewhat screwed up as it's a Google Cache of a PDF)--27>|deadurl=no|datedoi=1995|publisher=hedweb10.com1007/BF00852469}}</ref> It includes Ng introduces the term "welfare biology" (cf. [[wikipedia:conservation biology|conservation biology]]), which he defines as the positive study of the well-being of affectively sentient individuals. He discusses which species possess affective sentience. Ng then mentions that many species produce a large number of offspring, only a section on few of which survive to maturity. The paper argues that non-survivors suffer negative welfare. Since non-survivors greatly outnumber survivors, Ng considers this evidence in favor of the "Buddhist premise" (that wild-animal animals experience more total sufferingthan happiness).

| 1996 1995 || December || Publication || [[wikipedia:David Pearce (philosopher)|David Pearce]] || David Pearce publishes his transhumanist manifesto ''Les Cahiers antispécistesThe Hedonistic Imperative'' publishes its 14th edition, which is dedicated argues that biotechnology can and should be used to discussing eliminate the problem experience of predation and human intervention in naturesuffering.<ref>{{cite journal book|last1=Olivier |first1author=Pearce, David |last2=Bonnardel |first2=Yves |title=Éditorial |journal=Les Cahiers antispécistes |date=December 1996 |volume=14 The Hedonistic Imperative|url=https://www.cahiers-antispecisteshedweb.orgcom/editorial-14/ hedab.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072103395920180527232626/https://www.cahiers-antispecisteshedweb.org/editorial-14/<!--https:com//archivehedab.is/AdO7s--> htm|archivedate=2018-0705-21 27|deadurl=no |languagedate=1995|publisher=fr-FRhedweb.com}}</ref> It features articles by David Olivier and Yves Bonnardel, as well as includes a translation of an article by Steve Sapontzis. For example, one article by Yves Bonnardel is entitled "Contre l’apartheid des espèces: À propos de la prédation et de l’opposition entre écologie et libération animale" ("Against the apartheid of species: On predation and the conflict between ecology and section on wild-animal liberation").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bonnardel |first1=Yves |title=Contre l’apartheid des espèces |trans-title=Against the apartheid of species |journal=Les Cahiers antispécistes |date=December 1996 |volume=14 |url=https://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org/contre-lapartheid-des-especes/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003100009/https://www.cahiers-antispecistessuffering.org/contre-lapartheid-des-especes/ |archivedate=2017-10-03 |deadurl=no |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

| 1998 Summer 1995 ||| {{dts|October 20}} Publication || Presentation Andrew Luke || David Olivier of Andrew Luke's article "And the Hyenas Laughed No More?" is published in ''Les Cahiers antispécistesThe Vegan'' discusses wild-animal suffering at , in which the author argues for the incompatibility between veganism and environmentalism, and describes the creation of a debate at the Maison de l’Écologie in Lyonvegan utopia—a world where no harms befall any sentient beings.<ref>{{cite journal magazine |last1last=Olivier Luke |first1first=David Andrew |titledate= Contribution au débat à la maison de l’écologie 1995 |trans-title=Contribution to And the debate at the Maison de l’Écologie |journal=Les Cahiers antispécistes |date=April 1999 |volume=17 Hyenas Laughed No More?|url=https://wwwissuu.cahiers-antispecistes.orgcom/vegan_society/docs/contribution-au-debatthe-avegan-lasummer-maison-de-lecologie1995/ 6|archiveurlmagazine=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102133652/http://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org:80/contribution-au-debat-a-la-maison-de-lecologie/ The Vegan|archivedatelocation=2018-01-02 |deadurlpublisher=no The Vegan Society|languageaccess-date=fr2020-04-FR17}}</ref>

| 2003 1996 || (summer) December || Publication || [[wikipedia:Tyler CowenDavid Olivier, Steve Sapontzis ||Tyler Cowen]]'s paper "Policing Nature" is published in ''Environmental EthicsLes Cahiers antispécistes''publishes its 14th edition, which is dedicated to discussing the problem of predation and human intervention in nature.<ref>{{cite journal|lastlast1=CowenOlivier |firstfirst1=TylerDavid |titlelast2=Policing NatureBonnardel |journalfirst2=Environment EthicsYves |yeartitle=2003Éditorial |volumejournal=25Les Cahiers antispécistes |issuedate=2December 1996 |pagesvolume=169–182|doi=10.5840/enviroethics20032523114 |url=https://www.stafforinicahiers-antispecistes.comorg/docseditorial-14/Cowen%20-%20Policing%20nature.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018031718223720180721033959/https://www.stafforinicahiers-antispecistes.comorg/docseditorial-14/Cowen%20<!-%20Policing%20nature-https://archive.pdfis/AdO7s--> |archivedate=2018-0307-1721 |deadurl=no|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Cowen gives arguments from utilitarianIt features articles by David Olivier and Yves Bonnardel, rights-basedas well as a translation of an article by Steve Sapontzis. For example, one article by Yves Bonnardel is entitled "Contre l’apartheid des espèces: À propos de la prédation et de l’opposition entre écologie et libération animale" ("Against the apartheid of species: On predation and the conflict between ecology and holistic moral perspectives in support of policing natureanimal liberation"). He criticizes the argument that humans should refrain from interfering in nature because it is hard to predict <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bonnardel |first1=Yves |title=Contre l’apartheid des espèces |trans-title=Against the results apartheid of interventionspecies |journal=Les Cahiers antispécistes |date=December 1996 |volume=14 |url=https://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org/contre-lapartheid-des-especes/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003100009/https://www. Cowen discusses predator population reduction as a possible interventioncahiers-antispecistes.org/contre-lapartheid-des-especes/ |archivedate=2017-10-03 |deadurl=no |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

| 2005 1998 || {{dts|MayOctober 20}} || Presentation || Brian Tomasik first begins to think about David Olivier || David Olivier of ''Les Cahiers antispécistes'' discusses wild-animal welfare after reading essays by Peter Singersuffering at a debate at the Maison de l’Écologie in Lyon.<ref name="howistarted">{{cite webjournal |last1=Olivier |first1=BrianDavid |last1title=TomasikContribution au débat à la maison de l’écologie |websitetrans-title=Essays on Reducing SufferingContribution to the debate at the Maison de l’Écologie |titlejournal=How I Started Writing about Wild-Animal SufferingLes Cahiers antispécistes |date= 10 August 2012April 1999 |volume=17 |url=httphttps://reducingwww.cahiers-sufferingantispecistes.org/howcontribution-iau-starteddebat-writinga-aboutla-wildmaison-animalde-sufferinglecologie/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072122583020180102133652/http://reducingwww.cahiers-sufferingantispecistes.org:80/howcontribution-iau-starteddebat-writinga-aboutla-wildmaison-animalde-sufferinglecologie/|archivedate=2018-0701-2102 |deadurl=no|language=fr-FR}}</ref>

| 2005 2003 || (summer) || Publication || {{dtsw|JulyTyler Cowen}} || || Brian Tomasik reads Bernard E. RollinTyler Cowen's paper "Policing Nature" is published in ''Animal Rights & Human MoralityEnvironmental Ethics'', which introduces zir to the possibility of insect sentience.<ref name>{{cite journal|last=Cowen|first=Tyler|title=Policing Nature|journal=Environment Ethics|year=2003|volume=25|issue=2|pages=169–182|doi=10.5840/enviroethics200325231|url=https://www.stafforini.com/docs/Cowen%20-%20Policing%20nature.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317182237/https://www.stafforini.com/docs/Cowen%20-%20Policing%20nature.pdf|archivedate="howistarted" 2018-03-17|deadurl=no}}</ref> He writesCowen gives arguments from utilitarian, rights-based, "I was completely startled to realize this possibility and spent holistic moral perspectives in support of policing nature. He criticizes the next several minutes contemplating how much suffering argument that humans should refrain from interfering in nature because it is hard to predict the world would contain if this were trueresults of intervention. The spider's webs in my basement began to take on Cowen discusses predator population reduction as a new, horrible significancepossible intervention."

| 2005 || {{dts|October 17May}} || || Brian Tomasik writes a letter || Brian Tomasik first begins to think about animal welfare after reading essays by Peter Singer, asking zir whether he thinks insects are sentient and whether they experience a net-negative balance of suffering over happiness.<ref name="howistarted" >{{cite web|first1=Brian|last1=Tomasik|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering|title=How I Started Writing about Wild-Animal Suffering|date= 10 August 2012|url=http://reducing-suffering.org/how-i-started-writing-about-wild-animal-suffering/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721225830/http://reducing-suffering.org/how-i-started-writing-about-wild-animal-suffering/|archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2005 || {{dts|JuneJuly}} || || Brian Tomasik hears about and , Bernard E. Rollin || Brian Tomasik reads David PearceBernard E. Rollin's Hedonistic Imperative''Animal Rights & Human Morality'', which introduces him to the possibility of insect sentience.<ref name="howistarted" /> He writes, "This piece helped me see I was completely startled to realize this possibility and spent the next several minutes contemplating how bad much suffering was and may have been one of the last straws helping me see that life world would contain if this were true. The spider's webs in the wild was far below hedonic zero my basement began to take on averagea new, especially when the pain of death was taken into accounthorrible significance."

| 2006 2005 || {{dts|JuneOctober 17}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik's collection of essays on utilitarianism is first posted , Peter Singer || Brian Tomasik writes a letter to zirs website at utilitarianPeter Singer, asking him whether he thinks insects are sentient and whether they experience a net-essays.comnegative balance of suffering over happiness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222015250/http://www.utilitarian-essays.com/|titlename=Utilitarian Essays|date=2006-12-22|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-07-20}}<"howistarted" /ref>

| 2006 2005 || (summer) {{dts|June}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik writes "Calculations Regarding Wild-Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web , David Pearce |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Calculations Regarding Wild-Animal Suffering |url=https://reducing-sufferingTomasik hears about and reads David Pearce's Hedonistic Imperative.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/wild-animal-suffering-calculations.pdf |date<ref name=2006 |archiveurl=https:"howistarted" //web.archive.org/web/20150412175611/https://reducing-> He writes, "This piece helped me see how bad suffering.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/was and may have been one of the last straws helping me see that life in the wild-animal-suffering-calculationswas far below hedonic zero on average, especially when the pain of death was taken into account.pdf| archivedate=2015-04-12 |deadurl=no |website=A Collection of Essays on Utilitarianism}}</ref>"

| 2006 || {{dts|DecemberJune}} || Community Publication || [[wikipedia:Seth BaumBrian Tomasik ||Seth Baum]] starts a Brian Tomasik's collection of essays on utilitarianism is first posted to his website at utilitarian community blog Felicifia-essays.com.<ref>{{cite Cite web |title=Felificia Blog Post List |url=http://utilitarianism.wikia.com/wiki/Felificia_Blog_Post_List |website=Utilitarianism Wiki |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071603555620061222015250/http://utilitarianismwww.wikiautilitarian-essays.com/wiki/Felificia_Blog_Post_List |archivedatetitle=2018-07-16 Utilitarian Essays|deadurldate=no |language=en}}</ref> He had previously had a personal blog under the same name. Wild2006-12-animal suffering would become a popular topic of discussion on the site and its successor forum Felicifia.org.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google search results for wild animal suffering on Felicifia|url=https://google.com/search?hl=en&q=wild+animal+suffering+site%3Afelicifia.org22|website=googleweb.com|archiveurl=https://archive.is/60u51org|archivedateaccess-date=17 March 2018|deadurl=no|language=en2019-07-20}}</ref>

| 2006 || {{dts(summer) |April 29}} |Publication | Publication | Brian Tomasik || Matthew Clarke and YewBrian Tomasik writes "Calculations Regarding Wild-Kwang Ng publish an article analyzing a kangaroo cull from the perspective of welfare biologyAnimal Suffering".<ref>{{cite journalweb |last1=ClarkeTomasik |first1=MatthewBrian |last2title=Ng|first2=YewCalculations Regarding Wild-Kwang|title=Population Dynamics and Animal Welfare: Issues Raised by the Culling of Kangaroos in Puckapunyal|journal=Social Choice and Welfare|date=29 April 2006|volume=27|issue=2|pages=407–422|doi=10.1007/s00355-006-0137-8Suffering |url=https://stafforinireducing-suffering.comorg/docswp-content/uploads/2014/10/Clarke%20&%20Ng%20wild-animal-%20Population%20dynamics%20and%20animal%20welfaresuffering-calculations.pdf|date=2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018031723470620150412175611/https://stafforinireducing-suffering.comorg/docs/Clarke%20&%20Ng%20wp-%20Population%20dynamics%20and%20animal%20welfare.pdf<!--http:content/uploads/www.webcitation.org2014/715RsjOdY, https:10//archive.fo/q2IxRwild-animal-suffering->calculations.pdf|archivedate=20182015-0304-1712 |deadurl=no|website=A Collection of Essays on Utilitarianism}}</ref>

| 2006 || {{dts|JulyDecember}} || Publication Community || Brian Tomasik writes "The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering over Happiness: An Open Problem"{{w|Seth Baum}} || Seth Baum starts a utilitarian community blog Felicifia.com.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering over Happiness: An Open Problem Felificia Blog Post List |url=http://reducing-sufferingutilitarianism.wikia.orgcom/wp-contentwiki/uploads/2015/02/wild-animals_2015-02-28.pdf Felificia_Blog_Post_List |website=Utilitarianism Wiki |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071603592620180716035556/httpshttp://reducing-sufferingutilitarianism.wikia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015com/02wiki/wild-animals_2015-02-28.pdf Felificia_Blog_Post_List |archivedate=2018-07-16 |deadurl=no |datelanguage=August 2007en}}<!/ref> He had previously had a personal blog under the same name. Wild-- when it was posted to utilitarian-essaysanimal suffering would become a popular topic of discussion on the site and its successor forum Felicifia.org.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google search results for wild animal suffering on Felicifia|url=https://google.com --> /search?hl=en&q=wild+animal+suffering+site%3Afelicifia.org|website=A Collection of Essays on Utilitarianismgoogle.com|archiveurl=https://archive.is/60u51|archivedate=17 March 2018|deadurl=no|language=en}}</ref>

| 2008 2006 || (early) {{dts|April 29}} | |Publication | Oscar Horta writes to Brian Tomasik to | Yew Kwang-Ng, Matthew Clarke || Matthew Clarke and Yew-Kwang Ng publish an article analyzing a kangaroo cull from the perspective of welfare biology.<ref>{{cite one journal|last1=Clarke|first1=Matthew|last2=Ng|first2=Yew-Kwang|title=Population Dynamics and Animal Welfare: Issues Raised by the Culling of zirs articlesKangaroos in Puckapunyal|journal=Social Choice and Welfare|date=29 April 2006|volume=27|issue=2|pages=407–422|doi=10. Horta and Tomasik agreed that wild1007/s00355-006-0137-8|url=https://stafforini.com/docs/Clarke%20&%20Ng%20-%20Population%20dynamics%20and%20animal%20welfare.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317234706/https://stafforini.com/docs/Clarke%20&%20Ng%20-%20Population%20dynamics%20and%20animal%20welfare.pdf<!--animal welfare was importanthttp://www.webcitation.org/715RsjOdY, and Horta began to discuss it with zirs Spanish https:// Latin American friendsarchive.fo/q2IxR-->|archivedate=2018-03-17|deadurl=no}}</ref name="howistarted" />

| 2009 2006 || {{dts|AprilJuly}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik publishes || Brian Tomasik writes "Do Bugs Feel Pain?The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering over Happiness: An Open Problem".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Do Bugs Feel Pain? The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering over Happiness: An Open Problem |url=http://reducing-suffering.org/dowp-bugscontent/uploads/2015/02/wild-animals_2015-feel02-pain/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering 28.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018070503400320180716035926/httphttps://reducing-suffering.org/dowp-bugscontent/uploads/2015/02/wild-feelanimals_2015-pain/ 02-28.pdf |archivedate=2018-07-05 16 |deadurl=no |date=April 2009August 2007<!-- when it was posted to utilitarian-essays.com --> |website=A Collection of Essays on Utilitarianism}}</ref>

| 2009 2008 || {{dts(early) |June 4}} || Publication || Oscar Horta, Brian Tomasik publishes "Caring about Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Oscar Horta writes to Brian|url=http://reducing-sufferingTomasik to cite one of his articles.org/caring-aboutHorta and Tomasik agree that wild-animal-suffering/|title=Caring about Animal Suffering|date=4 June 2009|archiveurl=https:/welfare was important, and Horta begins to discuss it with his Spanish /webLatin American friends.archive.org/web/20171206162913/http://reducing-suffering.org:80/caring-about-animal-suffering/|archivedate<ref name=2017-12-06|deadurl=no}}<"howistarted" /ref>

| 2009 || {{dts|JulyApril}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik writes the first version of zirs article || Brian Tomasik publishes "The Importance of Wild-Animal SufferingDo Bugs Feel Pain?".<ref>{{cite web|websitelast1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Foundational Research InstituteDo Bugs Feel Pain? |url=httpshttp://foundationalreducing-researchsuffering.org/thedo-importancebugs-offeel-wild-animal-sufferingpain/|first1website=Brian|last1=Tomasik|title=The Importance of Wild-Animal Essays on Reducing Suffering|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018070501422320180705034003/httpshttp://foundationalreducing-researchsuffering.org/the-importancedo-ofbugs-wildfeel-animal-sufferingpain/|date=July 2009|archivedate=2018-07-05|deadurl=no|date=April 2009}}</ref>

| 2009 || {{dts|June 4}} || Publication || David Pearce Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Reprogramming PredatorsCaring about Animal Suffering".<ref>https{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|url=http://wwwreducing-suffering.hedweb.comorg/abolitionistcaring-project/reprogrammingabout-animal-predators.html<suffering/ref> The post receives criticism from ScienceBlogs.<ref>http|title=Caring about Animal Suffering|date=4 June 2009|archiveurl=https://scienceblogsweb.comarchive.org/tetrapodzoologyweb/200920171206162913/http:/08/28reducing-suffering.org:80/predatorycaring-animalsabout-areanimal-badsuffering/|archivedate=2017-12-06|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2009 || December 25 {{dts|July}} || Publication || Community Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik starts writes the Felicifia thread first version of his article "How Best to Encourage Concern for The Importance of Wild Animals?-Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web|website=FelicifiaFoundational Research Institute|url=https://felicifiafoundational-research.org/viewtopic.php?tthe-importance-of-wild-animal-suffering/|first1=Brian|last1=223Tomasik|title=How Best to Encourage Concern for The Importance of Wild Animals?|date=December 25, 2009-Animal Suffering|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2016110615284920180705014223/https://felicifiafoundational-research.org/viewtopic.php?tthe-importance-of-wild-animal-suffering/|date=223July 2009|archivedate=20162018-1107-0605|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2010 2009 || {{dts|March 2}} |Publication | Community |David Pearce | Felicifia member spindoctor starts the thread | David Pearce publishes "Lobby group for wild animal suffering?Reprogramming Predators".<ref>{{cite web |title=Lobby group for wild animal suffering? |url=https://felicifiawww.hedweb.orgcom/abolitionist-project/viewtopicreprogramming-predators.php?f=30&t=245 |website=Felicifia |archiveurl=httpshtml</ref> The post receives criticism from ScienceBlogs.<ref>http://webscienceblogs.archive.orgcom/webtetrapodzoology/20161106153444/https:2009/08/felicifia.org28/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=245 |archivedate=2016predatory-11animals-06 |date=March 2, 2010 |deadurl=no |language=enare-gb}}bad/</ref>

| 2010 2009 || {{dtsDecember 25 ||May 10}} Community || Community Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik considers forming an organization starts the Felicifia thread "How Best to promote concern Encourage Concern for wild-animal suffering, and solicits advice on FelicifiaWild Animals?".<ref>{{cite web|website=Felicifia|url=https://felicifia.org/viewtopic.php?ft=223|title=How Best to Encourage Concern for Wild Animals?|date=December 25, 2009|archiveurl=30&https://web.archive.org/web/20161106152849/https://felicifia.org/viewtopic.php?t=270223|archivedate=2016-11-06|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2010 || {{dts|April 19March 2}} || Community || Brian Tomasik creates spindoctor || Felicifia member spindoctor starts the Facebook thread "Lobby group "Most of the world's for wild animal suffering occurs in the wild?".<ref>{{cite web |title=Reducing Wild-Animal Suffering – Members Lobby group for wild animal suffering? |url=https://wwwfelicifia.facebookorg/viewtopic.comphp?f=30&t=245 |website=Felicifia |archiveurl=https:/groups/sufferingweb.inarchive.natureorg/membersweb/ |website20161106153444/https://felicifia.org/viewtopic.php?f=Facebook |accessdate30&t=16 July 2018 245 |languagearchivedate=en 2016-11-06 |quotedate="Brian Tomasik: Created group on April 19March 2, 2010"|registrationdeadurl=yesno |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="howistarted" />

| 2010 || {{dts|September 15May 10}} || Project Community || The domain name Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik considers forming an organization to promote concern for wild-animal-ethics.org is registeredsuffering, and solicits advice on Felicifia.<ref>https://whoisfelicifia.domaintools.comorg/animal-ethicsviewtopic.orgphp?f=30&t=270</ref>

| 2010 || {{dts|September April 19}} || Publication Community || Jeff McMahanBrian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik creates the Facebook group "Most of the world's piece "The Meat Eaters" is published animal suffering occurs in the New York Timeswild".<ref>{{cite news|last=McMahan|first=Jeffweb |title=The Meat EatersReducing Wild-Animal Suffering – Members |url=https://opinionator.blogswww.nytimesfacebook.com/2010groups/09suffering.in.nature/19members/the-meat-eaters/?_r|website=0Facebook |newspaperaccessdate=The New York Times16 July 2018 |datelanguage=September 28, 2010en |archiveurlquote=https"Brian Tomasik://web.archive.org/web/20180716053103/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/Created group on April 19, 2010/09/19/the-meat-eaters/?_r=0<!--https://archive.is/39aR9-->|archivedate=2018-07-16"|deadurlregistration=noyes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|lastname=McMahan|first=Jeff|title=Predators: A Response|url=https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/28/predators-a-response/?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 28, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716053311/https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/28"howistarted" /predators-a-response/?_r=0<!--https://archive.is/zOZBC-->|archivedate=2018-07-16|deadurl=no}}</ref> He argues in favor of intervention in nature, and specifically reducing predation.

| 2010 || || Publication || Philosopher Oscar Horta's article "Debunking the idyllic view of natural processes" is published.<ref>{{cite journaldts|last=HortaSeptember 15}} |first=Oscar|title=Debunking the Idyllic View of Natural Processes: Population Dynamics and Suffering in the WildProject |journal=Télos|year=2010|volume=17|issue=1|pages=73–88|url=https://www.stafforini.com/docs/Horta%20The domain name animal-%20Debunking%20the%20idyllic%20view%20of%20natural%20processesethics.pdf|archiveurl=https://weborg is registered.archive.org/web/20180716083940/<ref>https://wwwwhois.stafforinidomaintools.com/docs/Horta%20animal-%20Debunking%20the%20idyllic%20view%20of%20natural%20processesethics.pdf|archivedate=2018-07-16|deadurl=no}}org</ref>

| 2012 2010 || August {{dts|September 19}} | Project |Publication | Animal Charity Evaluator is founded, initially, during the first year, under the name Effective Animal Activism (EAA). It | Jeff McMahan || Jeff McMahan's piece "The Meat Eaters" is founded by Eitan Fischer as part of published in the 80,000 Hours organization. Right from the beginning, Animal Charity Evaluator recognizes RWAS as a high-priority cause areaNew York Times.<ref>{{Cite webcite news|last=McMahan|first=Jeff|title=The Meat Eaters|url=https://animalcharityevaluatorsopinionator.orgblogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/blog19/welcomethe-tomeat-effective-animal-activismeaters/|title=Welcome to Effective Animal Activism|date=2012-08-17|website?_r=Animal Charity Evaluators0|languagenewspaper=en-USThe New York Times|access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webSeptember 28, 2010|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2016021014303020180716053103/httphttps://wwwopinionator.blogs.animalcharityevaluatorsnytimes.orgcom/2010/about09/transparency19/historythe-meat-eaters/|title?_r=History {{0<!}} Animal Charity Evaluators|date=2016-02-10|website=web.https://archive.orgis/39aR9-->|access-datearchivedate=20192018-07-2216|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webcite news|last=McMahan|first=Jeff|title=Predators: A Response|url=https://webopinionator.blogs.archivenytimes.orgcom/web2010/20150918173629/http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org09/blog28/changepredators-ata-eaaresponse/?_r=0|titlenewspaper=Change at EAA {{!}} Animal Charity EvaluatorsThe New York Times|date=2015-09-18September 28, 2010|websitearchiveurl=https://web.archive.org|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=/20180716053311/https://animalcharityevaluatorsopinionator.blogs.nytimes.orgcom/2010/09/28/advocacypredators-interventions/prioritizinga-causesresponse/causes?_r=0<!-we-considerhttps:/|title=Consideration of Cause Areas|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|language=en/archive.is/zOZBC--US>|access-datearchivedate=20192018-07-2216|deadurl=no}}</ref>He argues in favor of intervention in nature, and specifically reducing predation.

| 2012 2010 ||| {{dts|October 30}} Publication || Publication Oscar Horta || Brian Tomasik publishes Philosopher Oscar Horta's article "Medicine vs. Deep EcologyDebunking the idyllic view of natural processes", which responds to the argument that we should not intervene in nature because ecosystems are complex systemsis published.<ref>{{cite webjournal|last=Horta|first=Oscar|urltitle=httpDebunking the Idyllic View of Natural Processes://reducing-suffering.org/medicine-vs-deep-ecology/Population Dynamics and Suffering in the Wild|journal=Télos|last1year=Tomasik2010|first1volume=Brian17|titleissue= Medicine vs. Deep Ecology 1|datepages=30 October 201273–88|websiteurl=Essays on Reducing Sufferinghttps://www.stafforini.com/docs/Horta%20-%20Debunking%20the%20idyllic%20view%20of%20natural%20processes.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072122512520180716083940/httphttps://reducing-sufferingwww.stafforini.orgcom/docs/medicineHorta%20-vs-deep-ecology/%20Debunking%20the%20idyllic%20view%20of%20natural%20processes.pdf|archivedate=2018-07-2116|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2012 || {{dtsAugust ||May 24}} Project || Community Eitan Fischer || The Facebook group Animal Charity Evaluators is founded, initially, during the first year, under the name Effective Animal Activism (EAA). It is renamed to "Reducing Wild-founded by Eitan Fischer as part of the 80,000 Hours organization. Right from the beginning, Animal Suffering" following Charity Evaluator recognizes RWAS as a pollhigh-priority cause area.<ref>{{cite Cite web |url=https://animalcharityevaluators.org/blog/welcome-to-effective-animal-activism/|title=Best new name for this group (andWelcome to Effective Animal Activism|date=2012-08-17|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-26}}</or movement)? ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwweb.facebookarchive.comorg/groupsweb/suffering20160210143030/http://www.inanimalcharityevaluators.natureorg/permalinkabout/430652663631204transparency/history/ |archiveurltitle=History {{!}} Animal Charity Evaluators|date=2016-02-10|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.isorg/web/20150918173629/http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org/blog/change-at-eaa/DHjcS |archivedatetitle=Change at EAA {{!}} Animal Charity Evaluators|date= 20182015-09-18|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-07-16 22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animalcharityevaluators.org/advocacy-interventions/prioritizing-causes/causes-we-consider/|deadurltitle=no Consideration of Cause Areas|website=Facebook — Reducing WildAnimal Charity Evaluators|language=en-Animal Suffering US|access-date=May 2019-07-22, 2012}}</ref>

| 2013 2012 || {{dts|June 24October 30}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Ideas for Volunteering Medicine vs. Deep Ecology", which responds to Reduce Wild-Animal Suffering"the argument that we should not intervene in nature because ecosystems are complex systems.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Ideas for Volunteering to Reduce Wild-Animal Suffering |url=http://reducing-suffering.org/ideas-for-volunteeringmedicine-tovs-reducedeep-wild-animal-sufferingecology/ |last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|title= Medicine vs. Deep Ecology |date=30 October 2012|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2017122302500920180721225125/http://reducing-suffering.org/ideasmedicine-forvs-volunteeringdeep-to-reduce-wild-animal-sufferingecology/ |archivedate=20172018-1207-23 21|deadurl=no |date=24 June 2013}}</ref>

| 2013 2012 || {{dts|June May 24}} || Publication Community || Brian Tomasik publishes || The Facebook group originally called "Most of the world's animal suffering occurs in the wild"Applied Welfare Biology and Why is renamed to "Reducing Wild-Animal Advocates Should Focus on Not Spreading NatureSuffering"following a poll.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Applied Welfare Biology Best new name for this group (and Why Wild-Animal Advocates Should Focus on Not Spreading Nature /or movement)? |url=httphttps://reducing-www.facebook.com/groups/suffering.orgin.nature/applied-welfare-biology-wild-animal-advocates-focus-spreading-naturepermalink/430652663631204/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622113142/http://reducing-suffering.org/applied-welfare-biology-wild-animal-advocates-focus-spreading-natureis/ DHjcS |archivedate=2018-0607-22 16 |deadurl=no |website=Facebook — Reducing Wild-Animal Suffering |date=24 June 2013May 22, 2012}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|September 4June 24}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "IntentionIdeas for Volunteering to Reduce Wild-Based Moral Reactions Distort Intuitions about Wild AnimalsAnimal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=IntentionIdeas for Volunteering to Reduce Wild-Based Moral Reactions Distort Intuitions about Wild Animals Animal Suffering |url=httpshttp://reducing-suffering.org/intentionideas-basedfor-moralvolunteering-reactionsto-distortreduce-intuitionswild-aboutanimal-wild-animalssuffering/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062211313520171223025009/httpshttp://reducing-suffering.org/intentionideas-basedfor-moralvolunteering-reactionsto-distortreduce-intuitionswild-aboutanimal-wild-animalssuffering/ |archivedate=20182017-0612-22 23 |deadurl=no |date=September 4, 24 June 2013}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|NovemberJune 24}}? || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Crop Cultivation Applied Welfare Biology and Why Wild Animals-Animal Advocates Should Focus on Not Spreading Nature".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|title=Crop Cultivation Applied Welfare Biology and Why Wild Animals-Animal Advocates Should Focus on Not Spreading Nature |url=http://reducing-suffering.org/cropapplied-cultivationwelfare-andbiology-wild-animalsanimal-advocates-focus-spreading-nature/|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072122420720180622113142/httpshttp://reducing-suffering.org/cropapplied-cultivationwelfare-andbiology-wild-animalsanimal-advocates-focus-spreading-nature/|archivedate=2018-0706-2122 | websitedeadurl=Essays on Reducing Sufferingno |date=24 June 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|December 3September 4}} || Presentation Publication || Adriano Mannino and Ruairí Donnelly give a talk on wildBrian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Intention-animal suffering at the University of ZurichBased Moral Reactions Distort Intuitions about Wild Animals".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mannino Tomasik |first1=Adriano |last2=Donnelly |first2=Ruairí Brian |title=Talk: Should we intervene in nature to help wild animals? Intention-Based Moral Reactions Distort Intuitions about Wild Animals |url=https://sentiencereducing-politicssuffering.org/shouldintention-webased-intervenemoral-inreactions-naturedistort-tointuitions-helpabout-wild-animals/ |website=Sentience Politics Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072107300520180622113135/https://sentiencereducing-politicssuffering.org/shouldintention-webased-intervenemoral-inreactions-naturedistort-tointuitions-helpabout-wild-animals/<!--https://archive.is/lTTQG--> |archivedate=2018-0706-21 22 |deadurl=no |quotedate=The talk was held at the University of Zurich on December 6September 4, 2013.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="Reducing Wild Animal Suffering" by Adriano Mannino & Ruairí Donnelly |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aa6g1y4l8I |date=3 January 2014 |website=YouTube |author=frei denken uni basel}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|December 15November}} ? || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Does the Animal-Rights Movement Encourage Wilderness Preservation?Crop Cultivation and Wild Animals".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Does the Animal-Rights Movement Encourage Wilderness Preservation? Crop Cultivation and Wild Animals|url=httpshttp://reducing-suffering.org/does-the-animal-rightscrop-movementcultivation-encourageand-wildernesswild-preservationanimals/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062217355220180721224207/https://reducing-suffering.org/doescrop-thecultivation-animaland-rightswild-movement-encourage-wilderness-preservationanimals/ |archivedate=2018-0607-22 21|deadurlwebsite=no Essays on Reducing Suffering|date=December 15, 2013|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|December 3}} | Project |Presentation | [[wikipedia:Sentience Politics|Sentience Politics]]Adriano Mannino, an "antiRuairí Donnelly || Adriano Mannino and Ruairí Donnelly give a talk on wild-speciesist political think-tank", is founded as a subdivision animal suffering at the University of the Effective Altruism FoundationZurich.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mannino |first1=Adriano |last2=Donnelly |first2=Ruairí |title=About Our Organization Talk: Should we intervene in nature to help wild animals? |url=https://sentience-politics.org/aboutshould-we-intervene-in-nature-to-help-wild-animals/ |website=Sentience Politics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018061704141320180721073005/https://sentience-politics.org/aboutshould-we-intervene-in-nature-to-help-wild-animals/<!--https://archive.is/ lTTQG--> |archivedate=2018-0607-17 21 |deadurl=no |quote=Sentience Politics The talk was founded as a project held at the University of the Effective Altruism Foundation (EAF) in Zurich on December 6, 2013.}}</ref> One of the issues originally considered <ref>{{cite web |title="Reducing Wild Animal Suffering" by the project is wild-animal sufferingAdriano Mannino & Ruairí Donnelly |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aa6g1y4l8I |date=3 January 2014 |website=YouTube |author=frei denken uni basel}}</ref>

| 2013 || {{dts|December 15}} | Project |Publication | | Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Does the Animal Ethics is registered as a 501(c)3 non-profitRights Movement Encourage Wilderness Preservation?".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Does the Animal-Rights Movement Encourage Wilderness Preservation? |url=https://reducing-suffering.org/does-the-animal-rights-movement-encourage-wilderness-preservation/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://wwwweb.archive.guidestarorg/web/20180622173552/https://reducing-suffering.org/profiledoes-the-animal-rights-movement-encourage-wilderness-preservation/46|archivedate=2018-06-106287022 |deadurl=no |date=December 15, 2013}}</ref>

| 2014 2013 || {{dts|January 19}} || Project || The first (non-placeholder) Wayback Machine snapshot of Animal Ethics is from this date.<ref>{{cite web |title=HOME {{!}} Animal Ethics |website=Wayback Machine |url=https[[wikipedia://web.archive.org/web/20140119085913/https://animal-ethics.org Sentience Politics|language=en |date=19 January 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.fo/bog0O|archivedate=2018Sentience Politics]], an "anti-07speciesist political think-16|deadurl=no}}</ref> Wild-animal suffering tank", is one of their focus areas. Leah McKelvie and Oscar Horta are two founded as a subdivision of its three foundersthe Effective Altruism Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conversation with Leah McKelvie and Oscar Horta of Animal EthicsAbout Our Organization |url=https://animalcharityevaluatorssentience-politics.org/charity-reviews/charity-conversations/leah-mckelvie-and-oscar-horta-of-animal-ethics-2017about/|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|date=August 14, 2017Sentience Politics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071605552520180617041413/https://animalcharityevaluatorssentience-politics.org/charity-reviews/charity-conversations/leah-mckelvie-and-oscar-horta-of-animal-ethics-2017about/|archivedate=2018-0706-1617 |deadurl=no|quote=Sentience Politics was founded as a project of the Effective Altruism Foundation (EAF) in 2013.}}</ref>One of the issues originally considered by the project is wild-animal suffering.

| 2014 2013 || {{dts|July 8}} |Project | Publication || The Wikipedia article "Wild animal suffering" | Animal Ethics is publishedregistered as a 501(c)3 non-profit.<ref>{{cite web|website=Wikipedia|url=https://enwww.wikipediaguidestar.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_animal_suffering&oldid=616156599|date=8 July 2014|title=Wild animal suffering|archiveurl=https:/profile/archive.is/7y09O|archivedate=201846-07-22|deadurl=no|quote=Ruairí Donnelly moved page User:Ruairí Donnelly/sandbox to Wild animal suffering: Article is ready to be published}}1062870</ref>

| 2015 2014 || {{dts|February 3January 19}} || Publication Project || Oscar Horta, Leah McKelvie|| Brian Tomasik publishes "The Importance first (non-placeholder) Wayback Machine snapshot of Insect Suffering"Animal Ethics is from this date.<ref>{{cite web |last1title=Tomasik HOME {{!}} Animal Ethics |first1website=Brian Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119085913/https://animal-ethics.org |language=en |date=19 January 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.fo/bog0O|archivedate=2018-07-16|deadurl=no}}</ref> Wild-animal suffering is one of their focus areas. Leah McKelvie and Oscar Horta are two of its three founders.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Importance Conversation with Leah McKelvie and Oscar Horta of Insect Suffering Animal Ethics|url=https://reducing-sufferinganimalcharityevaluators.org/thecharity-reviews/charity-conversations/leah-importancemckelvie-and-oscar-horta-of-insectanimal-ethics-suffering2017/ |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering Animal Charity Evaluators|date=August 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018063017004920180716055525/https://reducing-sufferinganimalcharityevaluators.org/thecharity-importancereviews/charity-conversations/leah-mckelvie-and-oscar-horta-of-insectanimal-sufferingethics-2017/ |archivedate=2018-0607-30 16|deadurl=no |date=February 3, 2015}}</ref>

| 2015 2014 || {{dts|FebruaryJuly 8}} || Podcast Publication || Brian Tomasik is interviewed about wild-|| The Wikipedia article "Wild animal suffering on the podcast [[wikipedia:Reality Check (podcast)|The Reality Check]]" is published.<ref>http{{cite web|website=Wikipedia|url=https://wwwen.trcpodcastwikipedia.comorg/w/trc-336-american-sniper-brian-tomasik-on-wild-index.php?title=Wild_animal_suffering&oldid=616156599|date=8 July 2014|title=Wild animal-suffering-rent-to-own/</ref><ref>http|archiveurl=https://wwwarchive.trcpodcast.comis/trc7y09O|archivedate=2018-337-women-in-science-brian-tomasik-on-wild07-22|deadurl=no|quote=Ruairí Donnelly moved page User:Ruairí Donnelly/sandbox to Wild animal-suffering-part-2-blue-blood/: Article is ready to be published}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|March 5February 3}} || Project Publication || Animal Ethics announces its first Essay Prize on suffering in nature and intervention, with a reward Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "The Importance of $1,500Insect Suffering".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Animal Ethics Essay Prize The Importance of Insect Suffering |url=https://www.animalreducing-ethicssuffering.org/1stthe-essayimportance-prizeof-insect-suffering/ |website=Animal Ethics Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2017092816122620180630170049/https://www.animalreducing-ethicssuffering.org/1stthe-importance-of-essayinsect-prizesuffering/ |archivedate=20172018-0906-28 30 |deadurl=no |date=5 March February 3, 2015}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|April 12February}} || Publication Podcast || Brian Tomasik publishes "Why Vegans Should Care About Wild Animal Suffering" || Brian Tomasik is interviewed about wild-animal suffering on the website Reasonable Veganpodcast [[wikipedia:Reality Check (podcast)|The Reality Check]].<ref>{{cite web|first1=Brian|last1=Tomasik|website=Reasonable Vegan|title= Why Vegans Should Care About Wild Animal Suffering |url=http://rvgnwww.orgtrcpodcast.com/2015/04/12/whytrc-336-american-veganssniper-shouldbrian-caretomasik-abouton-wild-animal-suffering-rent-to-own/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721225444</ref><ref>http://rvgnwww.trcpodcast.orgcom/2015/04/12/whytrc-337-women-in-vegansscience-shouldbrian-caretomasik-abouton-wild-animal-suffering/<!-part-http://archive.is/sJ05B2-blue->|archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no}}blood/</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|May 1March 5}} || Publication Project || || Magnus Vinding publishes the e-book "Speciesism: Why It Is Wrong Animal Ethics announces its first Essay Prize on suffering in nature and the Implications intervention, with a reward of Rejecting It". It argues that reducing wild-animal suffering is a moral imperative$1,500.<ref>{{cite bookweb |title=Speciesism: Why It Is Wrong and the Implications of Rejecting It Animal Ethics Essay Prize |first1url=Magnushttps://www.animal-ethics.org/1st-essay-prize/ |last1website=VindingAnimal Ethics |date=May 1, 2015|publisher=Smashwords|urlarchiveurl=https://wwwweb.smashwordsarchive.comorg/booksweb/view20170928161226/539674|archiveurl=httphttps://www.webcitationanimal-ethics.org/715bd4E1l1st-essay-prize/ |archivedate=20182017-0709-2228 |deadurl=no|date=5 March 2015}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|MayApril 12}} || Publication || The philosophy journal ''Relations: Beyond Anthropocentrism'' Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes a special double volume "Why Vegans Should Care About Wild Animal Suffering" on the ethics of wild-animal suffering and intervention in nature, edited by Animal Ethics staffwebsite Reasonable Vegan.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Brian|last1=Tomasik|website=Reasonable Vegan|title=Academic work on wild animal suffering edited by Why Vegans Should Care About Wild Animal Ethics activistsSuffering |url=http://wwwrvgn.org/2015/04/12/why-vegans-should-care-about-wild-animal-ethicssuffering/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/academicweb/20180721225444/http://rvgn.org/2015/04/12/why-vegans-should-workcare-onabout-wild-animal-suffering/<!-edited-byhttp://archive.is/sJ05B-animal-ethics-activists/>|websitearchivedate=Animal Ethics2018-07-21|datedeadurl=23 December 2015no}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|SeptemberMay 1}} || Publication || Simon Knutsson Magnus Vinding || Magnus Vinding publishes "How Good or Bad the e-book ''Speciesism: Why It Is Wrong and the Life Implications of an Insect?"Rejecting It''. It argues that reducing wild-animal suffering is a moral imperative.<ref>{{cite book|title=Speciesism: Why It Is Wrong and the Implications of Rejecting It |first1=Magnus|last1=Vinding|date=May 1, 2015|publisher=Smashwords|url=https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/539674|archiveurl=http://www.simonknutssonwebcitation.comorg/how715bd4E1l|archivedate=2018-good07-or-bad-is-the-life-of-an-insect22|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|October 31May}} || Community || || The /r/wildanimalsuffering subreddit is createdphilosophy journal ''Relations: Beyond Anthropocentrism'' publishes a special double volume on the ethics of wild-animal suffering and intervention in nature, edited by Animal Ethics staff.<ref>{{cite web |title=r/wildanimalsuffering Academic work on wild animal suffering edited by Animal Ethics activists|url=httpshttp://www.reddit.com/r/wildanimalsuffering/ |website=reddit |archiveurl=https://web.archiveanimal-ethics.org/web/20170517203730/https://www.reddit.com/r/wildanimalsuffering/ |archivedate=2017academic-work-on-wild-animal-suffering-edited-by-animal-05ethics-17 activists/|deadurlwebsite=no Animal Ethics|languagedate=en23 December 2015}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|November 5September}} || Project Publication || The domain name utility.farm is registeredSimon Knutsson || Simon Knutsson publishes "How Good or Bad Is the Life of an Insect?".<ref>httpshttp://whoiswww.domaintoolssimonknutsson.com/utility.farmhow-good-or-bad-is-the-life-of-an-insect</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|November 28October 31}} || Publication Community || Brian Tomasik publishes "Estimating Aggregate Wild-Animal Suffering from Reproductive Age and Births per Female"|| The /r/wildanimalsuffering subreddit is created.<ref>{{cite web|last1title=Tomasik|first1=Brianr/wildanimalsuffering |url=httphttps://reducing-sufferingwww.reddit.orgcom/r/estimating-aggregate-wild-animal-suffering-from-reproductive-age-and-births-per-femalewildanimalsuffering/|titlewebsite= Estimating Aggregate Wild-Animal Suffering from Reproductive Age and Births per Femalereddit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072122464720170517203730/httphttps://reducing-sufferingwww.reddit.orgcom/r/estimating-aggregate-wild-animal-suffering-from-reproductive-age-and-births-per-femalewildanimalsuffering/|archivedate=20182017-0705-21|date=28 November 201517 |deadurl=no|websitelanguage=Essays on Reducing Sufferingen}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|December 14November 5}} || Publication Project || Vox publishes an article by [[wikipedia:Jacy Reese|Jacy Reese]] arguing in favor of reducing wild-animal suffering.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reese|first1=Jacy|title=Wild animals endure illness, injury, and starvation. We should help.|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/12/14/9873012/wild-animals-suffering|publisher=Vox|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716044214/http://www.vox.com:80/2015/12/14/9873012/wild-animals-suffering|archivedate=2018-07-16|deadurl=no|date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://wwwThe domain name utility.facebook.com/437177563005273/posts/975791465810544 |first=Jacy |last=Reese |title=Wild animal suffering farm is one of the biggest issues in... |date=December 14, 2015 |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref> This prompts critical responses from Motherboard and the [[wikipedia:National Audubon Society|National Audubon Society]]registered.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gunther|first1=Kristen|title=Nature Is Violent|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkjpwp/nature-is-violent|website=Motherboard|language=en-us|date=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://webwhois.archive.org/web/20171230114514/https://motherboard.vicedomaintools.com/en_us/article/qkjpwp/nature-is-violent<!--https://archive.is/r5cJL-->|archivedate=2017-12-30|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Susan|title=Nature Can't Exist Without Suffering—And We Can't Change That|url=http://www.audubonutility.org/news/nature-cant-exist-without-suffering-and-we-cant-change|website=Audubon|language=en|date=16 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721045711/https://www.audubon.org/news/nature-cant-exist-without-suffering-and-we-cant-change<!--https://archive.fo/08E7O-->|archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no}}farm</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|December 26November 28}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "How Wild-Caught Fishing Affects Estimating Aggregate Wild-Animal Sufferingfrom Reproductive Age and Births per Female".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|url=http://reducing-suffering.org/estimating-aggregate-wild-caughtanimal-suffering-from-reproductive-fishingage-affectsand-wildbirths-animalper-sufferingfemale/|datetitle= 26 December 2015|website=Essays on Reducing Estimating Aggregate Wild-Animal Sufferingfrom Reproductive Age and Births per Female|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072122481620180721224647/http://reducing-suffering.org/estimating-aggregate-wild-caughtanimal-fishingsuffering-affectsfrom-wildreproductive-age-and-births-animalper-sufferingfemale/|archivedate=2018-07-21|date=28 November 2015|deadurl=no|titlewebsite=How Wild-Caught Fishing Affects Wild-Animal Essays on Reducing Suffering}}</ref>

| 2015 || {{dts|December14}} || Project Publication || [[Timeline of Animal Charity Evaluators{{w|Jacy Reese}} ||Animal Charity Evaluators]] announces that Animal Ethics is one Vox publishes an article by Jacy Reese arguing in favor of their standout charitiesreducing wild-animal suffering.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reese|first1=Jacy|title=Wild animals endure illness, injury, and starvation. We should help.|url=https://animalcharityevaluatorswww.vox.com/2015/12/14/9873012/wild-animals-suffering|publisher=Vox|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/charity-reviewweb/20180716044214/http://animal-ethicswww.vox.com:80/2015/12/14/9873012/wild-animals-suffering|archivedate=2018-07-dec16|deadurl=no|date=14 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/437177563005273/posts/975791465810544 |first=Jacy |last=Reese |title=Wild animal suffering is one of the biggest issues in... |date=December 14, 2015 |publisher=Facebook |accessdate=June 16, 2019}}</ref> They would maintain that status until November 2017This prompts critical responses from Motherboard and the [[wikipedia:National Audubon Society|National Audubon Society]].<ref>{{Cite cite web|last1=Gunther|first1=Kristen|title=Nature Is Violent|url=https://animalcharityevaluatorsmotherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkjpwp/nature-is-violent|website=Motherboard|language=en-us|date=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/blogweb/20171230114514/announcinghttps://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/qkjpwp/nature-ouris-springviolent<!-2019-eaahttps://archive.is/r5cJL--fund>|archivedate=2017-grants12-30|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Susan|title=Announcing Our Spring 2019 Effective Animal Advocacy Fund GrantsNature Can't Exist Without Suffering—And We Can't Change That|dateurl=2019http://www.audubon.org/news/nature-cant-exist-without-suffering-and-we-04cant-19change|website=Animal Charity EvaluatorsAudubon|language=en|date=16 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721045711/https://www.audubon.org/news/nature-UScant-exist-without-suffering-and-we-cant-change<!--https://archive.fo/08E7O-->|access-datearchivedate=20192018-07-2021|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2016 2015 || {{dts|FebruaryDecember 26}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "How Painful Is Death from Starvation or Dehydration?Wild-Caught Fishing Affects Wild-Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|url=http://reducing-suffering.org/wild-caught-fishing-affects-wild-animal-suffering/|date= 26 December 2015|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721224816/http://reducing-suffering.org/wild-caught-fishing-affects-wild-animal-suffering/|archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no|title=How Wild-Caught Fishing Affects Wild-Animal Suffering}}</ref>

| 2016 2015 || {{dts|March 15December}} || Publication Project || Catia Faria submits zir PhD thesis "|| [[Timeline of Animal Charity Evaluators|Animal Charity Evaluators]] announces that Animal Ethics Goes Wild: The Problem is one of Wild Animal Suffering and Intervention in Nature"their standout charities.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Faria |first1=Catia |title=Animal ethics goes wild: the problem of wild animal suffering and intervention in nature |date=2016-03-15 |publisher=Universitat Pompeu Fabra |url=https://wwwanimalcharityevaluators.tdx.catorg/handlecharity-review/10803animal-ethics/385919<!-2015-PDF: https:dec/</wwwref> They would maintain that status until November 2017.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/385919/tcf.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y--<ref> {{Cite web|archiveurlurl=https://web.archiveanimalcharityevaluators.org/webblog/20180616130628/https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/385919<!announcing-our-spring-2019-eaa-fund-https:grants//web.archive.org/web/20180716085310/https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/385919/tcf.pdf?sequence|title=1&isAllowedAnnouncing Our Spring 2019 Effective Animal Advocacy Fund Grants|date=y, http://www.webcitation.org/713vMYllk (download)2019-04-> 19|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|archivedatelanguage=2018en-06US|access-16 |deadurldate=no2019-07-20}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|March 20February}} || Publication || Magnus Vinding Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes the e-book "The Speciesism of Leaving Nature Alone, and the Theoretical Case for “Wildlife Anti-Natalism”How Painful Is Death from Starvation or Dehydration?".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Speciesism of Leaving Nature Alone, and the Theoretical Case for “Wildlife Anti-Natalism”|first1=Magnus|last1=Vinding|date=March 20, 2016|publisher=Smashwords|url=https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/624122|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/715bJLXWP|archivedate=2018-07-22|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|March 2315}} || Project Publication || Catia Faria || Catia Faria submits her PhD thesis "Animal Ethics announces that none Goes Wild: The Problem of the submissions to its Essay Prize met the standards they expected, Wild Animal Suffering and the prize was not awarded. However, they gave a $1,500 grant to the author of the best paper, Meera Inglis from the Department of Politics of the University of Sheffield, to continue zir research on invasive speciesIntervention in Nature".<ref>{{cite webbook |last1=Faria |first1=Catia |title=Animal ethics goes wild: the problem of wild animal suffering and intervention in nature |date=2016-03-15 |publisher=Universitat Pompeu Fabra |url=https://www.animal-ethicstdx.orgcat/handle/10803/announcement385919<!-regarding-the-animal-ethics-essay-prizePDF: https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/385919/|websitetcf.pdf?sequence=Animal Ethics|date1&isAllowed=23 March 2016|title=Announcement regarding the Animal Ethics Essay Prizey--> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072105040320180616130628/https://www.animal-ethicstdx.orgcat/handle/announcement-regarding-the-animal-ethics-essay-prize10803/385919<!--https://web.archive.foorg/web/20180716085310/https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/385919/tcf.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, http://www.webcitation.org/6bIUy713vMYllk (download)-->|archivedate=2018-0706-2116 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|April 22March 20}} || Publication || Michael Dickens Magnus Vinding || Magnus Vinding publishes the blog post e-book ''The Speciesism of Leaving Nature Alone, and the Theoretical Case for "The Myth that Reducing Wild Animal Suffering Is IntractableWildlife Anti-Natalism"''.<ref>{{cite web book|last1title=Dickens The Speciesism of Leaving Nature Alone, and the Theoretical Case for “Wildlife Anti-Natalism”|first1=Michael Magnus|titlelast1=The Myth that Reducing Wild Animal Suffering Is Intractable Vinding|urldate=https://mdickens.me/March 20, 2016/04/22/the_myth_that_reducing_wild_animal_suffering_is_intractable/ |websitepublisher=Philosophical Multicore Smashwords|archiveurlurl=https://webwww.archivesmashwords.orgcom/webbooks/20180622125415view/https://mdickens.me/2016/04/22/the_myth_that_reducing_wild_animal_suffering_is_intractable/<!--https://archive.is/8aZzr, 624122|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/713vVdHG9--> 715bJLXWP|archivedate=2018-0607-22 |deadurl=no |date=April 22, 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|May 9March 23}} || Publication Project || The article "The ethics || Animal Ethics announces that none of the submissions to its Essay Prize met the standards they expected, and the prize was not awarded. However, they gave a $1,500 grant to the author of the best paper, Meera Inglis from the Department of Politics of the University of wild animal suffering" by Ole Martin Moen is publishedSheffield, to continue her research on invasive species.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Moen|first1=Ole Martin|title=The ethics of wild animal suffering|journal=Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics|volume=10|number=1|pages=91-104|doi=10.5324/eip.v10i1.1972web|url=httphttps://www.olemartinmoenanimal-ethics.comorg/wpannouncement-regarding-the-contentanimal-ethics-essay-prize/uploads/TheEthicsofWildAnimalSuffering.pdf|website=Animal Ethics|date=23 March 2016|title=Announcement regarding the Animal Ethics Essay Prize|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072200352320180721050403/httphttps://www.olemartinmoenanimal-ethics.comorg/announcement-regarding-the-animal-ethics-essay-prize/wp<!--contenthttps:/uploads/TheEthicsofWildAnimalSufferingarchive.pdffo/6bIUy-->|archivedate=2018-07-2221|deadurl=no|date=May 9, 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|MayApril 22}} || Publication || Sentience Politics Michael Dickens || Michael Dickens publishes the policy paper blog post "The Myth that Reducing suffering among invertebrates such as insectsWild Animal Suffering Is Intractable" by Simon Knutsson.<ref>{{cite journalweb |last1=Dickens |first1=Michael |title=The Myth that Reducing Wild Animal Suffering Is Intractable |url=https://ea-foundationmdickens.orgme/2016/04/22/filesthe_myth_that_reducing_wild_animal_suffering_is_intractable/reducing-suffering-invertebrates.pdf|titlewebsite=Reducing suffering among invertebrates such as insects|first1=Simon|last1=Knutsson|journal=Sentience Politics|volume=1|pages=1-18|date=May 2016Philosophical Multicore |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018032000150920180622125415/https://ea-foundationmdickens.orgme/2016/04/22/filesthe_myth_that_reducing_wild_animal_suffering_is_intractable/reducing-suffering-invertebrates.pdf<!--https://archive.is/8aZzr, http://www.webcitation.org/715cdhtnn713vVdHG9-->|archivedate=2018-0306-2022 |deadurl=no|date=April 22, 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|JuneMay 9}} || Project Publication || Ole Martin Moen || The article "The [[timeline ethics of Foundational Research Institute|Foundational Research Institute]] publishes research plans announcing that it is "greatly increasing research on wild-­animal animal suffering"by Ole Martin Moen is published.<ref>{{cite webjournal|last1=Moen|first1=Ole Martin|title=FRI: Research Plans 2016 — Research on The ethics of wild-animal suffering and ways to reduce it|journal=Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics|volume=10|number=1|pages=91-104|doi=10.5324/eip.v10i1.1972|url=httpshttp://foundational-researchwww.olemartinmoen.orgcom/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wild-animal-suffering-research-plans-2016TheEthicsofWildAnimalSuffering.pdf|website=Foundational Research Institute|date=June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2016082521033720180722003523/httpshttp://foundational-researchwww.olemartinmoen.orgcom/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wild-animal-suffering-research-plans-2016TheEthicsofWildAnimalSuffering.pdf<!--http://www.webcitation.org/713tp6W6v (downloads PDF as attachment), https://archive.is/PnFPz (Google Cache)-->|archivedate=20162018-0807-2522|deadurl=no|date=May 9, 2016}}</ref> However, this never came to pass and WAS is not a focus area of FRI as of July 2019.

| 2016 || {{dts|August 25May}} || Publication || Michael Dickens Simon Knutsson || Sentience Politics publishes the blog post policy paper "Why the Open Philanthropy Project Should Prioritize Wild Animal SufferingReducing suffering among invertebrates such as insects"by Simon Knutsson.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dickens |first1=Michael |title=Why the Open Philanthropy Project Should Prioritize Wild Animal Suffering journal|url=httphttps://effectiveea-altruismfoundation.com/eaorg/10tfiles/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should/<!reducing-suffering-https://mdickensinvertebrates.me/2016/08/25/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should_prioritize_wild_animal_suffering/pdf|title=Reducing suffering among invertebrates such as insects|first1=Simon|last1=Knutsson|journal=Sentience Politics|volume=1|pages=1--> 18|websitedate=Effective Altruism Forum May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071606145420180320001509/httphttps://effectiveea-altruismfoundation.comorg/ea/10t/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_shouldfiles/reducing-suffering-invertebrates.pdf<!--httpshttp://webwww.archivewebcitation.org/web/20180622125500/https://mdickens.me/2016/08/25/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should_prioritize_wild_animal_suffering/, https://archive.is/cisBJ, https://archive.is/bywFo715cdhtnn--> |archivedate=2018-0703-16 20|deadurl=no |language=en |date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|September 1June}} || Publication Project || || Phillipp Ryf submits zirs Master's Thesis "Environmental Ethics: The Case [[timeline of Wild AnimalsFoundational Research Institute|Foundational Research Institute]] publishes research plans announcing that it is "greatly increasing research on wild-­animal suffering".<ref>{{cite web|title=FRI: Research Plans 2016 — Research on wild-animal suffering and ways to reduce it|url=https://foundational-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wild-animal-suffering-research-plans-2016.pdf|website=Foundational Research Institute|date=June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825210337/https://foundational-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/wild-animal-suffering-research-plans-2016.pdf<!--http://www.academiawebcitation.eduorg/713tp6W6v (downloads PDF as attachment), https:/28500092/Environmental_Ethics_The_Case_of_Wild_Animalsarchive.is/PnFPz (Google Cache)-->|archivedate=2016-08-25|deadurl=no}}</ref>However, this never came to pass and WAS is not a focus area of FRI as of July 2019.

| 2016 || {{dts|September 5August 25}} || Publication || Animal Charity Evaluators Michael Dickens || Michael Dickens publishes the results of an exploratory (n=612) Mechanical Turk study. The study is about blog post "Why the effects of vegan advocacy on attitudes towards wild-animal suffering. ACE claims that the results suggest that environmental messaging makes people less supportive of intervention. On the other hand, the post assuages WAS advocates' concerns that animal rights messaging does soOpen Philanthropy Project Should Prioritize Wild Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dickens |first1=Michael |title=Why the Open Philanthropy Project Should Prioritize Wild Animal Suffering |url=httpshttp://animalcharityevaluatorseffective-altruism.orgcom/ea/10t/blogwhy_the_open_philanthropy_project_should/wild<!-animal-sufferinghttps://mdickens.me/2016/08/25/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should_prioritize_wild_animal_suffering/-survey-report/|first1=Luke|last1=Hecht|title=Wild Animal Suffering Survey Report> |website=Animal Charity EvaluatorsEffective Altruism Forum |datearchiveurl=September 5, 2016|quote=This study provides some evidence that encouraging people to reduce their consumption of animal products on environmental grounds makes them less supportive of intervening in nature to alleviate wild-animal sufferinghttps://web. If true, this suggests that animal advocates who are concerned about wild animals should place less emphasis on the environmental harms of animal agriculturearchive. The results should reduce concerns that crueltyorg/web/20180716061454/http://effective-focused farmed animal advocacy messages may reduce people’s willingness to help wild animalsaltruism.|archiveurl=com/ea/10t/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should/<!--https://web.archive.org/web/2018072201322720180622125500/https://mdickens.me/2016/08/25/why_the_open_philanthropy_project_should_prioritize_wild_animal_suffering/, https://animalcharityevaluatorsarchive.orgis/cisBJ, https://blogarchive.is/wildbywFo-animal-suffering-survey-report/> |archivedate=2018-07-2216 |deadurl=no|language=en |date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|September1}} || Presentation Publication || Stijn Bruers and Stefan Torges give talks about wild-animal suffering at the 2016 International Animal Rights Conference.<ref>{{cite web Phillipp Ryf |author1=VeganKanal |title=Stijn Bruers - Phillipp Ryf submits his Master's Thesis "Environmental Ethics: The moral blind spots in the animal rights community (IARC 2016) |url=https://wwwCase of Wild Animals".youtube.com/watch?v=VtjKP42MkWY |website=YouTube|accessdate=16 July 2018 |date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=VeganKanal |title=Stefan Torges - Wild animal suffering: Why 99% of wild animals die as babies already (IARC 2016) |url=httpshttp://www.youtubeacademia.comedu/28500092/watch?v=G35tM1DP7B8 |website=YouTube |accessdate=16 July 2018|date=11 September 2016}}Environmental_Ethics_The_Case_of_Wild_Animals</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|November 15September 5}} || Presentation Publication || Peter Singer gives a talk || Animal Charity Evaluators publishes the results of an exploratory (n=612) Mechanical Turk study. The study is about the effects of vegan advocacy on attitudes towards wild-animal suffering at . ACE claims that the results suggest that environmental messaging makes people less supportive of intervention. On the other hand, the Princeton Environmental Institutepost assuages WAS advocates' concerns that animal rights messaging does so.<ref>{{cite web |author1url=https://animalcharityevaluators.org/blog/wild-animal-suffering-survey-report/|first1=Luke|last1=Princeton Environmental Institute Hecht|title=The Wild Animal Suffering Survey Report|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|date=September 5, 2016|quote=This study provides some evidence that encouraging people to reduce their consumption of animal products on environmental grounds makes them less supportive of Wild Animals: Should we do anything intervening in nature to alleviate wild-animal suffering. If true, this suggests that animal advocates who are concerned about it, and if so, what? – Peter Singer wild animals should place less emphasis on the environmental harms of animal agriculture. The results should reduce concerns that cruelty-focused farmed animal advocacy messages may reduce people’s willingness to help wild animals.|urlarchiveurl=https://wwwweb.youtubearchive.comorg/web/20180722013227/https://animalcharityevaluators.org/blog/wild-animal-suffering-survey-report/watch?v=1VYYHLH990A |websitearchivedate=YouTube |accessdate=16 July 2018 -07-22|datedeadurl=21 November 2016no}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|November 19September}} || Project Presentation || Stijn Bruers, Stefan Torges || Stijn Bruers and Stefan Torges give talks about wild-animal suffering at the 2016 International Animal Ethics announces its second Essay Prize on suffering in nature and intervention, with a reward of $1,500Rights Conference.<ref>{{cite web |author1=VeganKanal |title=2nd Animal Ethics Essay Prize on Animal Suffering Stijn Bruers - The moral blind spots in the Wild animal rights community (IARC 2016) |url=https://www.animal-ethicsyoutube.org/2nd-essay-prizecom/ watch?v=VtjKP42MkWY |website=Animal Ethics YouTube|accessdate=16 July 2018 |archiveurldate=https:/10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web.archive.org/web/20180716080018/|author1=VeganKanal |title=Stefan Torges - Wild animal suffering: Why 99% of wild animals die as babies already (IARC 2016) |url=https://www.animal-ethics.org/2nd-essay-prize/<!--https://archiveyoutube.iscom/rWnL8--> watch?v=G35tM1DP7B8 | archivedatewebsite=2018-07-16 YouTube |deadurlaccessdate=no 16 July 2018|date=19 November 11 September 2016}}</ref>

| 2016 || {{dts|November 2515}} || Publication Presentation || Michael Plant writes Peter Singer || Peter Singer gives a blog post critiquing arguments for the claim that talk on wild animals experience net -animal sufferingat the Princeton Environmental Institute.<ref>{{cite web|last1author1=Plant|first1=MichaelPrinceton Environmental Institute |title=The Unproven (And Unprovable) Case For Suffering of Wild Animal Suffering Animals: Should we do anything about it, and if so, what? – Planting HappinessPeter Singer |url=https://www.plantinghappiness.coyoutube.uk/the-unproven-and-unprovable-case-for-wild-animal-sufferingcom/watch?v=1VYYHLH990A |website=www.plantinghappiness.co.ukYouTube |dateaccessdate=25 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109005703/https://www.plantinghappiness.co.uk/the-unproven-and-unprovable-case-for-wild-animal-suffering/|archivedate=2017-11-09|deadurl=no}}</ref> Brian Tomasik responds on zirs blog.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|title=Is There Net Suffering in Nature? A Reply to Michael Plant {{!}} Essays on Reducing Suffering|url=https://reducing-suffering.org/net-suffering-nature-reply-michael-plant/|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering16 July 2018 |date=28 21 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622134433/https://reducing-suffering.org/net-suffering-nature-reply-michael-plant/|archivedate=2018-06-22|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 2016 || {{dts|April 5November 19}} || Publication Project || || Animal Charity Evaluators publishes another survey Ethics announces its second Essay Prize on animal advocacy messaging suffering in nature and attitudes towards wild-animal sufferingintervention, with a reward of $1,500.<ref>{{cite web|title=2nd Animal Ethics Essay Prize on Animal Suffering in the Wild |url=https://animalcharityevaluatorswww.animal-ethics.org/blog/effects2nd-ofessay-farmed-animal-advocacy-messaging-on-attitudes-towards-policies-and-decisions-affecting-wild-animal-sufferingprize/|first1=Kieran|last1=Greig|title=Effects of farmed animal advocacy messaging on attitudes towards policies and decisions affecting wild animal suffering|date=April 5, 2017|website=Animal Charity EvaluatorsEthics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072201471420180716080018/https://animalcharityevaluatorswww.animal-ethics.org/blog/effects2nd-ofessay-farmedprize/<!-animal-advocacyhttps://archive.is/rWnL8-messaging-on-attitudes-towards-policies-and-decisions-affecting-wild-animal-suffering/> |archivedate=2018-07-2216 |deadurl=no|date=19 November 2016}}</ref>

| 2017 2016 || {{dts|April 22November 25}} || Project Publication || Michael Plant || Utility Farm publishes its first article, arguing Michael Plant writes a blog post critiquing arguments for "An Ethic of Intervention" with regard to the claim that wild-animal animals experience net suffering.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rowe Plant|first1=Abraham Michael|title=An Ethic of Intervention The Unproven (And Unprovable) Case For Wild Animal Suffering – Planting Happiness|url=https://www.utilityplantinghappiness.co.farmuk/words/2017/4/22/anthe-unproven-and-unprovable-case-for-ethicwild-ofanimal-intervention suffering/|website=utility farm www.plantinghappiness.co.uk|date=25 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018072106583220171109005703/https://www.utilityplantinghappiness.co.farmuk/wordsthe-unproven-and-unprovable-case-for-wild-animal-suffering/|archivedate=2017-11-09|deadurl=no}}</ref> Brian Tomasik responds on his blog.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tomasik|first1=Brian|title=Is There Net Suffering in Nature? A Reply to Michael Plant {{!}} Essays on Reducing Suffering|url=https:/4/22reducing-suffering.org/annet-ethicsuffering-ofnature-intervention<!reply-michael-plant/|website=Essays on Reducing Suffering|date=28 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.foorg/web/20180622134433/https://reducing-suffering.org/5JOWRnet-suffering-nature-reply-> michael-plant/|archivedate=2018-0706-2122|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|April 265}} || Project Publication || Utility Farm announces its 2017 essay contest with a top prize of $1,500|| Animal Charity Evaluators publishes another survey on animal advocacy messaging and attitudes towards wild-animal suffering.<ref>{{cite web |title=Utility Farm has launched its 2017 essay contest |url=https://www.facebook.com/utilityfarm/posts/185977225255869 |website=Facebook |author1=Utility Farm |archiveurl=https://web.archiveanimalcharityevaluators.org/webblog/20180716071130/https://m.facebook.comeffects-of-farmed-animal-advocacy-messaging-on-attitudes-towards-policies-and-decisions-affecting-wild-animal-suffering/utilityfarm/posts/185977225255869 |archivedatefirst1=2018-07-16 Kieran|deadurllast1=no Greig|languagetitle=en Effects of farmed animal advocacy messaging on attitudes towards policies and decisions affecting wild animal suffering|date=April 265, 2017}}</ref> The contest received no quality submissions, and the prize was not awarded.<ref>{{cite web |title=2017 essay contest |url=https://www.utility.farm/prize |website=utility farm Animal Charity Evaluators|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071607080020180722014714/https://wwwanimalcharityevaluators.utility.farmorg/blog/effects-of-farmed-animal-advocacy-messaging-on-attitudes-towards-policies-and-decisions-affecting-wild-animal-suffering/prize |archivedate=2018-07-16 22|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|April22}} || Funding Project || Lewis Bollard || Utility Farm publishes its first article, arguing for "An Ethic of Open Philanthropy Project allocates $30K from the animal welfare EA Fund Intervention" with regard to the Effective Altruism Foundation's research of wild-animal suffering, stating that He is impressed with their work but is unsure how tractable it will be. He also cites internal changes at EAF that left WAS research with no funding.<ref>{{cite web|last1=BollardRowe |first1=LewisAbraham |title=April 2017: Animal Welfare Fund UpdateAn Ethic of Intervention |url=https://appwww.effectivealtruismutility.orgfarm/words/funds2017/animal-welfare4/payouts22/tI97LtH5AsIkgUa2IMCKian-ethic-of-intervention |website=Effective Altruism Fundsutility farm |publisherarchiveurl=Centre for Effective Altruismhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180721065832/https://www.utility.farm/words/2017/4/22/an-ethic-of-intervention<!--https://archive.fo/5JOWR--> |languagearchivedate=en2018-07-21|datedeadurl=April 2017no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|May 3April 26}} || Community Project || || Evan Gaensbauer creates the Facebook group "Wild Animal Welfare Project Discussion" as part Utility Farm announces its 2017 essay contest with a top prize of a larger attempt to build networks for new EA causes$1,500.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Animal Welfare Project Discussion Utility Farm has launched its 2017 essay contest |url=https://www.facebook.com/groupsutilityfarm/wildanimalwelfareprojectdiscussionposts/ 185977225255869 |website=Facebook |accessdateauthor1=Utility Farm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716071130/https://m.facebook.com/utilityfarm/posts/185977225255869 |archivedate=2018-07-16 July |deadurl=no |language=en |date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> The contest received no quality submissions, and the prize was not awarded.<ref>{{cite web |title=2017 essay contest |url=https://www.utility.farm/prize |website=utility farm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716070800/https://www.utility.farm/prize |archivedate=2018-07-16 |deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|JuneApril}} || Project Funding || Lewis Bollard || Wild-Animal Suffering Research is split off Lewis Bollard of Open Philanthropy Project allocates $30K from Sentience Politics as a separate organization under the animal welfare EA Fund to the Effective Altruism Foundation's research of wild-animal suffering, stating that he is impressed with their work but is unsure how tractable it will be. Sentience Politics shifts gears to focus exclusively on political campaigns in Switzerland, and gains independence from He also cites internal changes at EAFthat left WAS research with no funding.<ref>{{cite web|titlelast1=Update on the future of Sentience PoliticsBollard|urlfirst1=https://ea-foundation.org/blog/update-on-the-future-of-sentience-politics/Lewis|archiveurltitle=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622150519/https://ea-foundation.org/blog/update-on-the-future-of-sentience-politics/<!--httpsApril 2017://archive.is/EsjUs-->|archivedate=2018-06-22|deadurl=no|website=Effective Altruism Foundation|date=2 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Introducing the Wild-Animal Suffering Research ProjectWelfare Fund Update|url=https://was-researchapp.org/blog/introducing-wild-animal-suffering-research-project/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622125314/https://was-researcheffectivealtruism.org/blogfunds/introducing-wild-animal-suffering-research-project/<!--https:welfare/payouts/archive.is/CSH6o-->tI97LtH5AsIkgUa2IMCKi|archivedatewebsite=2018-06-22Effective Altruism Funds|deadurlpublisher=noCentre for Effective Altruism|websitelanguage=Wild-Animal Suffering Researchen|date=20 July April 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|June 1May 3}} || Project Community || Evan Gaensbauer || The domain name was-research.org is registeredEvan Gaensbauer creates the Facebook group "Wild Animal Welfare Project Discussion" as part of a larger attempt to build networks for new EA causes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Animal Welfare Project Discussion |url=https://whoiswww.domaintoolsfacebook.com/was-research.orggroups/wildanimalwelfareprojectdiscussion/ |website=Facebook |accessdate=16 July 2018}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts| June 2 }} || Project || || Wild-Animal Suffering Research is split off from Sentience Politics as a separate organization under the Effective Altruism Foundation. Sentience Institute is foundedPolitics shifts gears to focus exclusively on political campaigns in Switzerland, and gains independence from EAF.<ref>{{Cite cite web|title=Update on the future of Sentience Politics|url=https://ea-foundation.org/blog/update-on-the-future-of-sentience-politics/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2017060519303920180622150519/https://wwwea-foundation.sentienceinstituteorg/blog/update-on-the-future-of-sentience-politics/<!--https://archive.orgis/foundationalEsjUs-questions-summaries>|titlearchivedate=2018-06-22|deadurl=no|website=Sentience InstituteEffective Altruism Foundation|date=2 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Introducing the Wild-Animal Suffering Research Project|url=https://was-06research.org/blog/introducing-wild-animal-suffering-research-05project/|websitearchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622125314/https://was-research.org/blog/introducing-wild-animal-suffering-research-project/<!--https://archive.is/CSH6o-->|access-datearchivedate=20192018-0706-22|deadurl=no|website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research|date=20 July 2017}}</ref>"

| 2017 || {{dts| June 2 1}} ||Project | Publication || Sentience Institute publishes "Summary of Evidence for Foundational Questions in Effective Animal Advocacy" which contains a lot of information on RWAS outreach| The domain name was-research.org is registered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webwhois.archivedomaintools.orgcom/web/20170605193039/https://www.sentienceinstitute.org/foundational-questions-summaries|title=Sentience Institute|date=2017-06was-05|website=web.archiveresearch.org|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dtsJune 2 ||June 10}} Project || Publication Jacy Reese, Kelly Witwicki || Utility Farm publishes "Keep (Known) Space Neutral" by Abraham RoweSentience Institute is founded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwweb.utilityarchive.farmorg/web/words20170605193039/2017https:/6/10www.sentienceinstitute.org/keepfoundational-knownquestions-spacesummaries|title=Sentience Institute|date=2017-06-neutral05|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>"

| 2017 || {{dts|June 11}} 2 || Publication || Utility Farm || Sentience Institute publishes "When Caring For Pets And Service Animals, Keep Other Animals In MindSummary of Evidence for Foundational Questions in Effective Animal Advocacy" by Ari Benjaminwhich contains a lot of information on RWAS outreach.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwweb.utilityarchive.farmorg/wordsweb/201720170605193039/6https:/11/caringwww.sentienceinstitute.org/foundational-questions-summaries|title=Sentience Institute|date=2017-for06-pets05|website=web.archive.org|access-anddate=2019-service07-animals22}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|June 2910}} || Publication || Wild-Animal Suffering Research || Utility Farm publishes "An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal Population Control: VertebratesKeep (Known) Space Neutral" by Persis EskanderAbraham Rowe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eskander |first1=Persis |title=An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal Population Control: Vertebrates |url=https://was-research.org/paper/analysis-lethal-methods-wild-animal-population-control-vertebrates/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://webwww.archiveutility.orgfarm/web/20180622063816/https:words/2017/was-research.org6/paper10/analysis-lethal-methods-wild-animal-populationkeep-control-vertebrates/ |archivedate=2018known-06space-22 |deadurl=no |date=29 June 2017}}neutral</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|July 5June 11}} || Publication || Brian Tomasik || Utility Farm publishes "Which Stimuli Are Painful to Invertebrates?When Caring For Pets And Service Animals, Keep Other Animals In Mind"by Ari Benjamin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tomasik |first1=Brian |title=Which Stimuli Are Painful to Invertebrates? |url=https://reducing-sufferingwww.org/which-stimuli-are-painful-to-invertebrates |website=Essays on Reducing Suffering |archiveurl=https://webutility.archive.orgfarm/webwords/201807160814412017/https:6/11/reducing-suffering.org/which-stimulicaring-arefor-painfulpets-toand-invertebrates/ |archivedate=2018service-07-16 |deadurl=no |date=July 5, 2017}}animals</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|July 11June 29}} || Publication || Persis Eskander || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal Population Control: InvertebratesVertebrates" by Persis Eskander.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eskander |first1=Persis |title=An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal Population Control: Invertebrates Vertebrates |url=https://was-research.org/paper/analysis-lethal-methods-wild-animal-population-control-invertebratesvertebrates/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062204115220180622063816/https://was-research.org/paper/analysis-lethal-methods-wild-animal-population-control-invertebratesvertebrates/ |archivedate=2018-06-22 |deadurl=no |date=11 July 29 June 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|July 125}} || Publication || Wild-Animal Suffering Research Brian Tomasik || Brian Tomasik publishes "Euthanizing Elderly Elephants: An Impact AnalysisWhich Stimuli Are Painful to Invertebrates?" by Ozy Brennan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan Tomasik |first1=Ozy Brian |title=Euthanizing Elderly Elephants: An Impact Analysis Which Stimuli Are Painful to Invertebrates? |url=https://wasreducing-researchsuffering.org/paper/euthanizingwhich-stimuli-elderlyare-elephantspainful-impactto-analysis/ invertebrates |website=Wild-Animal Essays on Reducing Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018070502405920180716081441/https://wasreducing-researchsuffering.org/paper/euthanizingwhich-stimuli-elderlyare-elephantspainful-impactto-analysisinvertebrates/ |archivedate=2018-07-05 16 |deadurl=no |date=12 July 5, 2017|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|July 1311}} || Publication || Utility Farm Persis Eskander || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "Study: Effective Communication Strategies For Addressing An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal SufferingPopulation Control: Invertebrates" by Briana Schulzetenberg and Abraham Rowe, which found that WAS materials describing humans as "stewards of" or "participants in" nature were more effective than materials describing humans as "intervening" in naturePersis Eskander.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schulzetenberg Eskander |first1=Briana Persis |title=Study: Effective Communication Strategies For Addressing An Analysis of Lethal Methods of Wild Animal Suffering Population Control: Invertebrates |url=https://wwwwas-research.utility.farmorg/wordspaper/2017/7/13/studyanalysis-effectivelethal-communicationmethods-strategieswild-foranimal-addressingpopulation-wildcontrol-animal-suffering invertebrates/ |website=utility farm Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062204114320180622041152/https://wwwwas-research.utility.farm/words/2017/7org/13paper/studyanalysis-effectivelethal-communicationmethods-strategieswild-for-addressinganimal-wildpopulation-animalcontrol-suffering invertebrates/ |archivedate=2018-06-22 |deadurl=no |date=11 July 13, 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|October 4July 12}} || Publication || Ozy Brennan || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "We Have No Idea If There Are Cost-Effective Interventions Into Wild-Animal SufferingEuthanizing Elderly Elephants: An Impact Analysis" by Ozy Brennan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Ozy |title=We Have No Idea If There Are Cost-Effective Interventions Into Wild-Animal Suffering Euthanizing Elderly Elephants: An Impact Analysis |url=https://was-research.org/blogpaper/no-idea-cost-effectiveeuthanizing-interventionselderly-wildelephants-animalimpact-sufferinganalysis/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062212531620180705024059/https://was-research.org/blogpaper/no-idea-cost-effectiveeuthanizing-interventionselderly-wildelephants-animalimpact-sufferinganalysis/ |archivedate=2018-0607-22 05 |date=12 July 2017|deadurl=no |date=4 October 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|October 12July 13}} || Publication || Abraham Rowe, Briana Schulzetenberg || Utility Farm publishes "Study: Effective Communication Strategies For Addressing Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "Infant Mortality by Briana Schulzetenberg and the Argument from Life HistoryAbraham Rowe, which found that WAS materials describing humans as "stewards of" or " by Ozy Brennanparticipants in" nature were more effective than materials describing humans as "intervening" in nature.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan Schulzetenberg |first1=Ozy Briana |title=Infant Mortality and the Argument from Life History Study: Effective Communication Strategies For Addressing Wild Animal Suffering |url=https://was-researchwww.utility.orgfarm/words/2017/7/blog13/infantstudy-effective-communication-mortalitystrategies-argumentfor-lifeaddressing-history/ wild-animal-suffering |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research utility farm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062212532420180622041143/https://was-researchwww.utility.orgfarm/words/2017/7/blog13/infantstudy-mortalityeffective-argumentcommunication-lifestrategies-history/ for-addressing-wild-animal-suffering |archivedate=2018-06-22 |deadurl=no |date=12 October July 13, 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|October 184}} || Project Publication || Utility Farm Ozy Brennan || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "Reviewing 2017 and Looking to 2018We Have No Idea If There Are Cost-Effective Interventions Into Wild-Animal Suffering" by Abraham RoweOzy Brennan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Ozy |title=We Have No Idea If There Are Cost-Effective Interventions Into Wild-Animal Suffering |url=https://wwwwas-research.utilityorg/blog/no-idea-cost-effective-interventions-wild-animal-suffering/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.farmarchive.org/wordsweb/20180622125316/https:/2017/10was-research.org/18blog/reviewingno-2017idea-cost-effective-andinterventions-lookingwild-toanimal-suffering/ |archivedate=2018-06-22 |deadurl=no |date=4 October 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|November 10October 12}} || Publication || Ozy Brennan || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "“Fit Infant Mortality and Happy”: How Do We Measure Wild-Animal Suffering?the Argument from Life History" by Ozy Brennan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Ozy |title="Fit Infant Mortality and Happy": How Do We Measure Wild-Animal Suffering? the Argument from Life History |url=https://was-research.org/paperblog/fit-happyinfant-measuremortality-wildargument-animallife-sufferinghistory/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071608460320180622125324/https://was-research.org/paperblog/fit-happyinfant-measuremortality-wildargument-animallife-sufferinghistory/ |archivedate=2018-0706-16 22 |deadurl=no |date=10 November 12 October 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|November 22October 18}} || Publication Project || Wild-Animal Suffering Research Abraham Rowe || Utility Farm publishes "Parasite Load Reviewing 2017 and Disease in Wild AnimalsLooking to 2018" by Georgia RayAbraham Rowe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ray |first1=Georgia |title=Parasite Load and Disease in Wild Animals |url=https://was-researchwww.org/paper/parasite-load-disease-wild-animals/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archiveutility.orgfarm/webwords/201807050142312017/https:10/18/wasreviewing-research.org/paper/parasite2017-loadand-diseaselooking-wildto-animals/ |archivedate=2018-07-05 |deadurl=no |date=22 November 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|November 2510}} || Publication || Ozy Brennan || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "Creating Welfare Biology“Fit and Happy”: A Research ProposalHow Do We Measure Wild-Animal Suffering?" by Ozy Brennan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brennan |first1=Ozy |title=Creating Welfare Biology"Fit and Happy": A Research Proposal How Do We Measure Wild-Animal Suffering? |url=https://was-research.org/blogpaper/creatingfit-welfarehappy-biologymeasure-researchwild-animal-proposalsuffering/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018062206380520180716084603/https://was-research.org/blogpaper/creatingfit-welfarehappy-biologymeasure-researchwild-animal-proposalsuffering/ |archivedate=2018-0607-22 16 |deadurl=no |date=25 10 November 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|November22}} || Funding Publication || Georgia Ray || Lewis Bollard of Open Philanthropy Project allocates $50K from the animal welfare EA Fund to Wild-Animal Suffering Researchpublishes "Parasite Load and Disease in Wild Animals" by Georgia Ray.<ref>{{cite web|last1=BollardRay |first1=LewisGeorgia |title=November 2017: Animal Welfare Fund UpdateParasite Load and Disease in Wild Animals |url=https://app.effectivealtruismwas-research.org/fundspaper/animalparasite-load-welfare/payouts/3tRg1Hfwu46EQ8mskEGUOE<!disease-wild-https:animals//docs.google.com/document/d/1mD6iwtIMc_cCyJF2DWX57I8464UYMNb8xhIJoHKV0Wg/--> |website=Effective Altruism Funds|publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism|language=en|date=November 2017Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.isorg/web/20180705014231/Q2xyk<!--httphttps://www.webcitationwas-research.org/714Kj4zv7paper/parasite-load-disease->wild-animals/ |archivedate=2018-07-2105 |deadurl=no|date=22 November 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || (fall) {{dts|November 25}} ||Publication | Project |Ozy Brennan | Rebecca Raible is awarded a £4,710 grant from | Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the Centre for Effective Altruism to research WAS intervention ideas and write an overview of wild-animal sufferingblog post "Creating Welfare Biology: A Research Proposal" by Ozy Brennan.<ref>{{Cite cite web|last1=Brennan |first1=Ozy |title=EA Grants Fall 2017 RecipientsCreating Welfare Biology: A Research Proposal |url=https://docswas-research.google.comorg/spreadsheetsblog/d/1iBycreating-welfare-biology-research-zMyIiTgybYRUQZIm11WKGQZcixaCmIaysRmGvkproposal/edit|website=Google DocsWild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.isorg/web/20180622063805/qGG7S<!--httphttps://www.webcitationwas-research.org/714NXQGwZblog/creating-welfare-biology->research-proposal/ |archivedate=2018-0706-2122 |deadurl=no|date=25 November 2017}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|December 27November}} || Publication Funding || Animal Ethics announces Lewis Bollard || Lewis Bollard of Open Philanthropy Project allocates $50K from the winner of its second Essay Prize, "Life-fates: meaningful categories animal welfare EA Fund to estimate animal suffering in the wild" by Brazilian scientists Wladimir J. Alonso and Cynthia SchuckWild-PaimAnimal Suffering Research.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bollard|first1=Lewis|title=November 2017: Animal Welfare Fund Update|url=https://wwwapp.animal-ethicseffectivealtruism.org/2ndfunds/animal-animalwelfare/payouts/3tRg1Hfwu46EQ8mskEGUOE<!-ethics-essayhttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1mD6iwtIMc_cCyJF2DWX57I8464UYMNb8xhIJoHKV0Wg/-prize-announcement/> |website=Animal EthicsEffective Altruism Funds|publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism|language=en|date=27 December November 2017|title=2nd Animal Ethics Essay Prize Announcement|archiveurl=https://web.archive.orgis/web/20180721062246/httpsQ2xyk<!--http://www.animal-ethicswebcitation.org/2nd714Kj4zv7-animal-ethics-essay-prize-announcement/>|archivedate=2018-07-21|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || September (fall) || Project || effectivethesis.com Rebecca Raible || Rebecca Raible is launched. They create awarded a section recommending theses on RWAS which is provided £4,710 grant from suggestions by [https://was-the Centre for Effective Altruism to research.org/ Wild-Animal Suffering Research] WAS intervention ideas and [https://efektivniwrite an overview of wild-altruismus.cz/ Efektivni Altruismus]animal suffering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EA Grants Fall 2017 Recipients|url=https://wwwdocs.facebookgoogle.com/effectivethesisspreadsheets/photosd/a.1966475556967110/19664755603004431iBy--zMyIiTgybYRUQZIm11WKGQZcixaCmIaysRmGvk/?type=3edit|titlewebsite=Effective ThesisGoogle Docs|websitearchiveurl=https://archive.is/qGG7S<!--http://www.facebookwebcitation.comorg/714NXQGwZ-->|languagearchivedate=en|access-date=20192018-07-2221|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2017 || {{dts|December 27}} ||Publication | Funding || | Animal Ethics announces the winner of its second Essay Prize, "[ACE's Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards] funding Life-fates: meaningful categories to Persis Eskander (Wild-Animal Suffering Research) for this project. This research will examine estimate animal suffering in the agricultural practices that harm vertebrate wild animals" by Brazilian scientists Wladimir J. Alonso and Cynthia Schuck-Paim."<ref>{{Cite cite web|url=https://researchfundwww.animalcharityevaluatorsanimal-ethics.org/funded2nd-projects/examininganimal-the-harm-caused-by-crop-cultivation-to-vertebrate-wild-animals-inethics-theessay-unitedprize-statesannouncement/|titlewebsite=Examining the harm caused by crop cultivation to vertebrate wild animals in the United StatesAnimal Ethics|date=2018-11-3027 December 2017|websitetitle=2nd Animal Advocacy Research FundEthics Essay Prize Announcement|languagearchiveurl=enhttps://web.archive.org/web/20180721062246/https://www.animal-ethics.org/2nd-animal-USethics-essay-prize-announcement/|access-datearchivedate=20192018-07-2221|deadurl=no}}</ref>

| 2018 2017 || {{dtsSeptember ||January 19}} Project || Publication || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "Invertebrate Sentience: Urgent But Understudied" effectivethesis.com is launched. They create a section recommending theses on RWAS which is provided from suggestions by Georgia Ray.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ray |first1=Georgia |title=Invertebrate Sentience: Urgent But Understudied |url=[https://was-research.org/blog/invertebrate-sentience-urgent-understudied/ |website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=] and [https://webefektivni-altruismus.archivecz/ Efektivni Altruismus].org/<ref>{{Cite web/20180622133420/|url=https://was-researchwww.facebook.orgcom/effectivethesis/photos/bloga.1966475556967110/invertebrate-sentience-urgent-understudied1966475560300443/ ?type=3|archivedatetitle=2018-06-22 Effective Thesis|website=www.facebook.com|deadurllanguage=no en|access-date=19 January 20182019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2018 2017 || | {{dts|January 24}} Funding || Publication Persis Eskander || Utility Farm publishes "Seven Broad Rules [ACE's Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards] funding to Persis Eskander (Wild-Animal Suffering Research) for Effective Discussions of Participation Ethicsthis project. This research will examine the agricultural practices that harm vertebrate wild animals." by Abraham Rowe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwresearchfund.utilityanimalcharityevaluators.farmorg/wordsfunded-projects/2018/1/24/sevenexamining-the-harm-caused-by-crop-cultivation-to-vertebrate-wild-animals-in-broadthe-rulesunited-forstates/|title=Examining the harm caused by crop cultivation to vertebrate wild animals in the United States|date=2018-11-effective30|website=Animal Advocacy Research Fund|language=en-discussionsUS|access-ofdate=2019-participation07-ethics22}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|February 12January 19}} || Publication || The article Georgia Ray || Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes the blog post "Wild animal suffering is intractableInvertebrate Sentience: Urgent But Understudied" by Nicolas Delon and Duncan Purves is published (online first)Georgia Ray.<ref>{{cite journalweb |titlelast1=Wild animal suffering is intractableRay |first1=NicolasGeorgia |last1title=DelonInvertebrate Sentience: Urgent But Understudied |first2url=Duncan|last2=Purves|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics|volume=31|number=2|pages=239–260|doi=10https://was-research.1007org/s10806blog/invertebrate-018sentience-9722urgent-yunderstudied/ |urlwebsite=Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://linkweb.springerarchive.comorg/epdfweb/1020180622133420/https://was-research.1007org/s10806blog/invertebrate-018sentience-9722urgent-y?author_access_tokenunderstudied/ |archivedate=1swdXPwSdnovLiu7AhuWSve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY7zip9eadT12018-BeavUlSlmb3No6JmHPw3BxdHWJhe1o578fidt2Ra9PjnC2e_8UfRbKCnxQjqeCDcofCVx0FB0cnSun2xtiSbCanRrPx8FFYTg%3D%3D06-22 |deadurl=no |date=19 January 2018}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|February 13January 24}} || Publication || Animal Charity Evaluators Abraham Rowe || Utility Farm publishes the blog post "To reduce wild animal suffering we need to find out if the cause area is tractableSeven Broad Rules for Effective Discussions of Participation Ethics" by Persis EskanderAbraham Rowe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://animalcharityevaluatorswww.orgutility.farm/blogwords/to-reduce-wild-animal-suffering-we-need-to-find-out-if-the-cause-area-is-tractable/|title=To Reduce Wild Animal Suffering We Need to Find Out If the Cause Area Is Tractable|date=February 13, 2018|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|first1=Persis|last1=Eskander|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722010449/https:/1/animalcharityevaluators.org24/blog/toseven-reducebroad-wildrules-animalfor-sufferingeffective-wediscussions-needof-toparticipation-find-out-if-the-cause-area-is-tractable/|archivedate=2018-07-22|deadurl=no}}ethics</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|February 1612}} || Publication || Animal Ethics publishes their 2018 strategic planNicholas Denton, which includes initiating Duncan Purves || The article "the development of welfare biology in academia with some biologists and Wild animal welfare scientists beginning to work in this field suffering is intractable"by Nicolas Delon and Duncan Purves is published (online first).<ref>{{cite webjournal|urltitle=https://www.Wild animal-ethics.org/animal-ethics-2018-strategic-plan/<!--http://www.animal-ethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Animal-Ethics_Strategic-Plan-2018.pdf-->suffering is intractable|first1=Nicolas|last1=Delon|first2=Duncan|last2=Purves|websitejournal=Animal Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics|datevolume=31|number=16 February 20182|titlepages=Animal Ethics’s 2018 strategic plan239–260|archiveurldoi=https://web10.archive.org/web/201807210627551007/s10806-018-9722-y|url=https://wwwlink.animal-ethicsspringer.orgcom/animal-ethics-2018-strategic-planepdf/<!--https://archive10.is1007/eiTfks10806-018->|archivedate9722-y?author_access_token=20181swdXPwSdnovLiu7AhuWSve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY7zip9eadT1-07-21|deadurl=noBeavUlSlmb3No6JmHPw3BxdHWJhe1o578fidt2Ra9PjnC2e_8UfRbKCnxQjqeCDcofCVx0FB0cnSun2xtiSbCanRrPx8FFYTg%3D%3D}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|February 2313}} || Publication || Wild-Persis Eskander || Animal Suffering Research Charity Evaluators publishes the blog post "Are seafood substitutes good for To reduce wild fish?animal suffering we need to find out if the cause area is tractable" by Georgia RayPersis Eskander.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ray |first1=Georgia |title=Are seafood substitutes good for wild fish? |url=https://was-researchanimalcharityevaluators.org/blog/seafoodto-substitutesreduce-goodwild-wildanimal-suffering-we-need-to-find-out-if-the-cause-area-is-fishtractable/ |websitetitle=To Reduce Wild-Animal Suffering Research We Need to Find Out If the Cause Area Is Tractable|date=February 13, 2018|website=Animal Charity Evaluators|first1=Persis|last1=Eskander|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071608434220180722010449/https://was-researchanimalcharityevaluators.org/blog/seafoodto-reduce-substituteswild-goodanimal-wildsuffering-we-need-to-find-out-if-the-cause-area-is-fishtractable/ |archivedate=2018-07-16 22|deadurl=no |date=23 February 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|March 23February 16}} || Project Publication ||| Utility Farm announces | Animal Ethics publishes their 2018 strategic plan, which includes initiating "the launch development of Nature Ethics, a wild welfare biology in academia with some biologists and animal suffering outreach projectwelfare scientists beginning to work in this field ".<ref>{{cite web |last1url=Rowe https://www.animal-ethics.org/animal-ethics-2018-strategic-plan/<!--http://www.animal-ethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Animal-Ethics_Strategic-Plan-2018.pdf-->|first1website=Abraham Animal Ethics|date=16 February 2018|title=Announcing Nature Ethics Animal Ethics’s 2018 strategic plan|urlarchiveurl=https://wwwweb.utilityarchive.farmorg/wordsweb/201820180721062755/3https:/23/announcingwww.animal-natureethics.org/animal-ethics |website=utility farm |archiveurl=-2018-strategic-plan/<!--https://archive.fois/HuEBx eiTfk-->|archivedate=2018-07-16 21|deadurl=no |date=March 23, 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|MarchFebruary 23}} || Funding Publication || Georgia Ray || Lewis Bollard allocates $100K to Wild-Animal Suffering Research via publishes the EA Fundsblog post "Are seafood substitutes good for wild fish?" by Georgia Ray.<ref>{{cite web|last1=BollardRay |first1=LewisGeorgia |title=March 2018: Animal Welfare Fund UpdateAre seafood substitutes good for wild fish? |url=https://app.effectivealtruismwas-research.org/fundsblog/animalseafood-welfare/payouts/2ENqwtVsfWAw22eogwS4cG<!substitutes-good-https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T7erWUkv1wBHhtHk2hY8zAuwild-DoZR8qTCfOW85L170qAfish/--> |website=Effective Altruism Funds|publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism|language=en|date=March 2018Wild-Animal Suffering Research |archiveurl=https://web.archive.isorg/web/20180716084342/vrIVY<!--https://www.webcitationwas-research.org/714GvQ5DTblog/seafood-substitutes-good-wild->fish/ |archivedate=2018-07-2116 |deadurl=no|date=23 February 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|April 14March 23}} || Podcast Project || Persis Eskander || Utility Farm announces the launch of Wild-Animal Suffering Research is interviewed about Nature Ethics, a wild-animal suffering on the animal rights podcast Our Hen Houseoutreach project.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sullivan Rowe |first1=Mariann |last2=Singer |first2=Jasmin Abraham |title=Episode 431: Persis Eskander and Nora Kramer Announcing Nature Ethics |url=httphttps://www.ourhenhouseutility.orgfarm/words/2018/043/episode-431-persis-eskander-and23/announcing-noranature-kramer/ ethics |website=Our Hen House |accessdate=16 July 2018 utility farm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.orgfo/web/20180716044902if_/http://www.ourhenhouse.org/podcastepisode431.mp3 HuEBx |archivedate=2018-07-16 |deadurl=no |date=April 14March 23, 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|April 30March}} || Publication Funding || Lewis Bollard || Lewis Bollard allocates $100K to Wild-Animal Ethics publishes a bibliography of wild-animal sufferingSuffering Research via the EA Funds.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bollard|first1=Lewis|title=Publications about wild animal suffering March 2018: Animal Welfare Fund Update|url=https://wwwapp.animal-ethicseffectivealtruism.org/publicationsfunds/animal-aboutwelfare/payouts/2ENqwtVsfWAw22eogwS4cG<!-wild-animalhttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1T7erWUkv1wBHhtHk2hY8zAu-sufferingDoZR8qTCfOW85L170qA/ --> |website=Animal Ethics Effective Altruism Funds|publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism|language=en|date=March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716073431is/vrIVY<!--https://www.animal-ethicswebcitation.org/publications714GvQ5DT-about-wild-animal-suffering/ >|archivedate=2018-07-16 21|deadurl=no |date=April 30, 2018}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|April14}} || Publication Podcast || ''Les Cahiers antispécistes'' publishes a volume devoted to Persis Eskander || Persis Eskander of Wild-Animal Suffering Research is interviewed about wild-animal sufferingon the animal rights podcast Our Hen House.<ref>{{cite journal web |titlelast1=Sullivan |first1=Réduire la souffrance des animaux sauvages Mariann |trans-titlelast2=Reducing wild-animal suffering Singer |journalfirst2=Les Cahiers antispécistes Jasmin |volumetitle=40 Episode 431: Persis Eskander and Nora Kramer |url=httpshttp://www.cahiers-antispecistesourhenhouse.org/numero2018/4004/<!episode-431-persis-eskander-https://www.cahiersand-antispecistes.org/wpnora-content/uploadskramer/|website=Our Hen House |accessdate=16 July 2018/04/CA40Total.pdf--> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018042623460920180716044902if_/https://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org/numero/40/<!--http://www.webcitationourhenhouse.org/713t7sYh4 (downloads PDF as attachment), https://archivepodcastepisode431.fo/I9tev, https://archive.fo/MwEoK (Google Cache of PDF)-->mp3 |archivedate=2018-0407-2616 |deadurl=no|language=fr-FR|date=April 14, 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|MayApril 30}} || Publication || ''Les Cahiers antispécistes'' || Animal Ethics publishes a book entitled "Éliminer les animaux pour leur bien: promenade chez les réducteurs de la souffrance dans la nature" (Eliminate animals for their own good: walk among the reducers bibliography of suffering in nature) by Estiva Reus. The book critiques the wild-animal suffering movement.<ref>{{cite journal web |title= Éliminer les animaux pour leur bien: promenade chez les réducteurs de la souffrance dans la nature |trans-title=Eliminate animals for their own good: walk among the reducers of Publications about wild animal suffering in nature |journal=Les Cahiers antispécistes |volume=41 |url=https://www.cahiersanimal-antispecistesethics.org/numero/cahierspublications-antispecistesabout-n41wild-elimineranimal-les-animaux-pour-leur-biensuffering/<!--https://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/CA41Total.pdf--> |website=Animal Ethics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/2018071605144420180716073431/https://www.cahiersanimal-antispecistesethics.org/numero/cahierspublications-antispecistesabout-n41wild-elimineranimal-les-animaux-pour-leur-bien/<!--https://archive.fo/9KvM7, http://www.webcitation.orgsuffering/713rTggRP (downloads PDF as attachment), https://archive.fo/93eRt (somewhat screwed up as it's a Google Cache of a PDF)-->|archivedate=2018-07-16|deadurl=no|language=fr-FR|date=May April 30, 2018|first1=Estiva|last1=Reus}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|June 10April}} || Presentation Publication || EA Global 2018 takes place in San Francisco. Persis Eskander of WASR gives || ''Les Cahiers antispécistes'' publishes a talk about "Crucial Considerations in Wildvolume devoted to wild-Animal Suffering"animal suffering.<ref>{{cite web journal |title=Crucial Considerations in WildRéduire la souffrance des animaux sauvages |trans-Animal Suffering |urltitle=https://sf.eaglobal.org/agenda/session/249916 Reducing wild-animal suffering |websitejournal=EA Global San Francisco 2018 Les Cahiers antispécistes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/I7vSM |archivedatevolume=2018-07-12 |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web40 |url=https://www.effectivealtruismcahiers-antispecistes.org/articlesnumero/ea-global-2018-crucial-considerations-was40/|title=Crucial Considerations in Wild Animal Suffering|website=Effective Altruism|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref> Ozy Brennan (WASR), Persis Eskander (WASR), Kieran Greig (ACE), and Abraham Rowe (Utility Farm) participate in a panel on "Strategic Movement Building for Wild!-Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web |title=Strategic Movement Building for Wild-Animal Suffering |url=https://sfwww.eaglobalcahiers-antispecistes.org/agendawp-content/sessionuploads/249944 |website=EA Global San Francisco 2018 /04/CA40Total.pdf--> |archiveurl= https://web.archive.isorg/web/yfXkV |archivedate=2018-06-10 |date=June 10, 2018}}<20180426234609/ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Building support for wild animal suffering - EA Global|url=https://www.eaglobalcahiers-antispecistes.org/talksnumero/building-support-for-wild-animal-suffering40/|access-date=2019<!-07-20}}</ref> There is also a meetup for people interested in the topic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meetup: Wild Animal Suffering |url= httpshttp://sfwww.eaglobalwebcitation.org/agenda713t7sYh4 (downloads PDF as attachment), https:/session/250302 |website=EA Global San Francisco 2018 |archiveurl= archive.fo/I9tev, https://archive.isfo/YuJSZ MwEoK (Google Cache of PDF)-->|archivedate=2018-0604-10 26|deadurl=no|language=fr-FR|date=June 10, April 2018}}</ref>

|| 2018 || {{dts|JuneMay}} || Funding Publication || Lewis Bollard allocates $70K to Animal Ethics, $40K to Utility Farm, and $30K to Wild-Animal Suffering Research via || ''Les Cahiers antispécistes'' publishes a book entitled "Éliminer les animaux pour leur bien: promenade chez les réducteurs de la souffrance dans la nature" (Eliminate animals for their own good: walk among the EA Fundsreducers of suffering in nature) by Estiva Reus. He notes that all three organizations have converged around The book critiques the strategy of building an academic field of wild-animal suffering, but have different approachesmovement.<ref>{{cite webjournal |title= Éliminer les animaux pour leur bien: promenade chez les réducteurs de la souffrance dans la nature |last1trans-title=BollardEliminate animals for their own good: walk among the reducers of suffering in nature |first1journal=LewisLes Cahiers antispécistes |titlevolume=June 2018: Animal Welfare Fund Update41 |url=https://docswww.cahiers-antispecistes.org/numero/cahiers-antispecistes-n41-eliminer-les-animaux-pour-leur-bien/<!--https://www.googlecahiers-antispecistes.comorg/documentwp-content/duploads/1nTS2AEOLkuQEmEQ5ePa7opt9eoN_utvWvXPbFGJL90s|website=Effective Altruism Funds|publisher=Centre for Effective Altruism|language=en|date=June 2018/06/CA41Total.pdf--> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.isorg/web/20180716051444/https://www.cahiers-antispecistes.org/numero/cahiers-antispecistes-n41-eliminer-les-animaux-pour-leur-bien/6YMLA<!--https://archive.fo/9KvM7, http://www.webcitation.org/713qg9zKB713rTggRP (downloads PDF as attachment), https://archive.fo/93eRt (somewhat screwed up as it's a Google Cache of a PDF)-->|archivedate=2018-07-2016|quotedeadurl=no|language=Potential interventions to aid wild animals remain limited, and may be unwise, so I think it makes sense to build an academic field that can better research this problem and potential approaches to addressing it. The three primary groups in this space have all converged around the academic fieldfr-building strategy, though they have different approaches. Given the magnitude of the problem, my uncertainty over which approach is likely to be most effective, and my sense that all three groups are well-run, I’m proposing funding all three.FR|date=May 2018|first1=Estiva|deadurllast1=noReus}}</ref>

| 2018 || September 4 {{dts|June 10}} || Publication Presentation || Persis Eskander || EA Global 2018 takes place in San Francisco. Persis Eskander from of WASR gives a talk about "Crucial Considerations in Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "An Introduction to Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity".<ref>{{cite web |title=Crucial Considerations in Wild-Animal Suffering |url=https://sf.eaglobal.org/agenda/session/249916 |website=EA Global San Francisco 2018 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/I7vSM |archivedate=2018-07-12 |date=June 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://was-researchwww.effectivealtruism.org/paperarticles/anea-introductionglobal-to2018-humancrucial-appropriationconsiderations-ofwas/|title=Crucial Considerations in Wild Animal Suffering|website=Effective Altruism|access-netdate=2019-primary07-productivity20}}</ref> Ozy Brennan (WASR), Persis Eskander (WASR), Kieran Greig (ACE), and Abraham Rowe (Utility Farm) participate in a panel on "Strategic Movement Building for Wild-Animal Suffering".<ref>{{cite web |title=An Introduction to Human Appropriation of Net Primary ProductivityStrategic Movement Building for Wild-Animal Suffering |lasturl=Eskhttps://sf.eaglobal.org/agenda/session/249944 |firstwebsite=PersisEA Global San Francisco 2018 |last2archiveurl=erhttps://archive.is/yfXkV |datearchivedate=2018-0906-0410 |date=June 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|websitetitle=WildBuilding support for wild animal suffering -Animal Suffering ResearchEA Global|languageurl=enhttps://www.eaglobal.org/talks/building-support-for-wild-animal-USsuffering/|access-date=2019-07-2220}}</ref> There is also a meetup for people interested in the topic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meetup: Wild Animal Suffering |url= https://sf.eaglobal.org/agenda/session/250302 |website=EA Global San Francisco 2018 |archiveurl= https://archive.is/YuJSZ |archivedate=2018-06-10 |date=June 10, 2018}}</ref>

| 2018 || September 9 {{dts|June}} ||Funding | Publication |Lewis Bollard | Ozy Brennan from | Lewis Bollard allocates $70K to Animal Ethics, $40K to Utility Farm, and $30K to Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "Intervention Report: Feeding Wildlife As A Means via the EA Funds. He notes that all three organizations have converged around the strategy of building an academic field of Promoting Welfare"wild-animal suffering, but have different approaches.<ref>{{Cite cite web|last1=Bollard|first1=Lewis|title=June 2018: Animal Welfare Fund Update|url=https://was-researchdocs.google.orgcom/paperdocument/intervention-report-feeding-wildlife-as-a-means-of-promoting-welfared/1nTS2AEOLkuQEmEQ5ePa7opt9eoN_utvWvXPbFGJL90s|titlewebsite=Intervention Report: Feeding Wildlife As A Means of Promoting WelfareEffective Altruism Funds|lastpublisher=BrennanCentre for Effective Altruism|firstlanguage=Ozyen|date=June 2018|archiveurl=https://archive.is/6YMLA<!-09-09http://www.webcitation.org/713qg9zKB-->|websitearchivedate=Wild2018-07-Animal Suffering Research20|languagequote=enPotential interventions to aid wild animals remain limited, and may be unwise, so I think it makes sense to build an academic field that can better research this problem and potential approaches to addressing it. The three primary groups in this space have all converged around the academic field-building strategy, though they have different approaches. Given the magnitude of the problem, my uncertainty over which approach is likely to be most effective, and my sense that all three groups are well-USrun, I’m proposing funding all three.|access-datedeadurl=2019-07-22no}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts|August 10}} || Publication || Steven Nadler || Steven Nadler's in his essay "We Have an Ethical Obligation to Relieve Individual Animal Suffering", argues that we should intervene to relieve suffering in the wild, using the example of a starving polar bear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeon.co/ideas/we-have-an-ethical-obligation-to-relieve-individual-animal-suffering|title=We Have an Ethical Obligation to Relieve Individual Animal Suffering|date=2018-08-10|website=Aeon|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>|-| 2018 || September 4 || Publication || Persis Eskander || Persis Eskander from Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "An Introduction to Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://was-research.org/paper/an-introduction-to-human-appropriation-of-net-primary-productivity/|title=An Introduction to Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity|last=Esk|first=Persis|last2=er|date=2018-09-04|website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || September 9 || Publication || Ozy Brennan || Ozy Brennan from Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "Intervention Report: Feeding Wildlife As A Means of Promoting Welfare".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://was-research.org/paper/intervention-report-feeding-wildlife-as-a-means-of-promoting-welfare/|title=Intervention Report: Feeding Wildlife As A Means of Promoting Welfare|last=Brennan|first=Ozy|date=2018-09-09|website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || October 18 || Publication || || Animal Ethics publishes "Research projects in welfare biology".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animal-ethics.org/research-projects-in-welfare-biology/|title=Research projects in welfare biology|last=Ethics|first=Animal|date=2018-10-18|website=Animal Ethics|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || October 28 || Publication || Denis Drescher || Denis Drescher publishes "Wild Animal Suffering Research Ideas 2019".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://claviger.net/was-research-ideas-2019.html|title=Wild Animal Suffering Research Ideas 2019|last=Drescher|first=Denis|date=2018-10-28|website=Considerations and Comparisons|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || December 19 || Publication || || Animal Ethics publishes "Welfare biology research: Vaccination of animals in the wild".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animal-ethics.org/welfare-biology-research-vaccination-of-animals-in-the-wild/|title=Welfare biology research: Vaccination of animals in the wild|last=Ethics|first=Animal|date=2018-12-19|website=Animal Ethics|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || December 20 || Publication || Ozy Brennan || Ozy Brennan from Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "Intervention Report: Wildlife Contraception".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://was-research.org/paper/intervention-report-wildlife-contraception/|title=Intervention Report: Wildlife Contraception|last=Brennan|first=Ozy|date=2018-12-20|website=Wild-Animal Suffering Research|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>|-| 2018 || December 22 || Publication || || Rethink Priorities publishes "Detecting Morally Significant Pain in Nonhumans: Some Philosophical Difficulties".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rethinkpriorities.org/blog/2019/2/23/detecting-morally-significant-pain-in-nonhumans-some-philosophical-difficulties|title=Detecting Morally Significant Pain in Nonhumans: Some Philosophical Difficulties|website=Rethink Priorities|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2018 || October 28 (winter) || Publication || Denis Drescher Oscar Horta || Oscar Horta publishes "Concern for Wild Animal Suffering Research Ideas 2019and Environmental Ethics: What Are the Limits of the Disagreement?".<ref>{{Cite webjournal|last=Horta|first=Oscar|date=2018|title=CONCERN FOR WILD ANIMAL SUFFERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: WHAT ARE THE LIMITS OF THE DISAGREEMENT?|url=httpshttp://clavigerwww.erudit.netorg/en/journals/ateliers/was2018-researchv13-ideasn1-2019.htmlateliers04192/1055119ar/|titlejournal=Wild Animal Suffering Research Ideas 2019Les ateliers de l'éthique / The Ethics Forum|lastlanguage=Drescheren|firstvolume=Denis13|dateissue=2018-10-281|websitepages=Considerations and Comparisons85–100|languagedoi=en10.7202/1055119ar|access-dateissn=2019-071718-229977}}</ref>

| 2018 || {{dts| December 19 30}} ||Funding | Publication |Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, Jamie Spurgeon | | The EA Animal Ethics publishes "Welfare biology Fund management team (Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, and Jamie Spurgeon) grants $20,000 from the EA Animal Welfare Fund to Utility Farm. Also, they grant $75,000 to Rethink Priorities, whose research: Vaccination agenda within animal welfare includes assessment of animals in the work on wild"animal welfare.<ref>{{Cite cite web|url=https://wwwapp.animal-ethicseffectivealtruism.org/funds/animal-welfare-biology-research-vaccination-of-animals-in-the-wild/payouts/2uyvubn8KUCoqOQS6A4ayW|title=Payout Report: Animal Welfare biology Fund. December 2018 - Animal Welfare Fund Grants|quote = Researching tractable interventions to improve wild animal welfare. Within the animal advocacy movement, there seems to be an increasing interest in helping wild animals, but research on effective interventions is severely lacking. Utility Farm is a research organization that takes a practical approach, prioritizing the research: Vaccination of animals in potentially tractable interventions. For example, they published a report on humane insecticides and they are currently research interventions to reduce the suffering of birds and small mammals caused by feral and free-ranging cats. We believe that research on wild|last=Ethics|first=Animalanimal welfare is both important and relatively neglected, so we are happy to support it where we can.|date=December 30, 2018-12-19|websiteaccessdate =Animal EthicsMarch 29, 2019|access-datepublisher =2019-07-22Effective Altruism Funds}}</ref>

| 2018 2019 || {{dts|January 25}} | December 20 |Project | Publication | Abraham Rowe, Persis Eskander || Ozy Brennan from Wild-Animal Suffering Research publishes "Intervention Report: Wildlife Contraception"and Utility Farm merge to form the Wild Animal Initiative.<ref>{{Cite cite web|url=https://was-researchwww.wildanimalinitiative.org/paperblog/interventionannouncing-report-wildlife-contraception/wai|title=Intervention Report: Wildlife ContraceptionAnnouncing WIld Animal Initiative|lastdate =BrennanJanuary 25, 2019|firstaccessdate =Ozy|date=2018March 29, 2019}} Cross-posted to https://was-research.org/blog/announcing-wild-12animal-20|website=initiative/ on the Wild-Animal Suffering Research|language=en-US|accessblog and to https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/jzikTHMSpckYg9ZPp/announcing-date=2019wild-07animal-22}}initiative on the Effective Altruism Forum. See also the associated discussion on Reddit at https://www.reddit.com/r/EffectiveAltruism/comments/ajr27e/announcing_wild_animal_initiative_wildanimal/</ref>

| 2018 2019 || December 22 February 5 || Publication || Rethink Priorities publishes Johan Lindsjö, Katarina Cvek, Elin M. F. Spangenberg, Johan N. G. Olsson, Margareta Stéen || Johan Lindsjö, Katarina Cvek, Elin M. F. Spangenberg, Johan N. G. Olsson, and Margareta Stéen publish "Detecting Morally Significant Pain in Nonhumans: Some Philosophical DifficultiesThe Dividing Line Between Wildlife Research and Management—Implications for Animal Welfare".<ref>{{Cite webjournal|last=Lindsjö|first=Johan|last2=Cvek|first2=Katarina|last3=Spangenberg|first3=Elin M. F.|last4=Olsson|first4=Johan N. G.|last5=Stéen|first5=Margareta|date=2019-02-05|title=The Dividing Line Between Wildlife Research and Management—Implications for Animal Welfare|url=https://www.rethinkprioritiesncbi.orgnlm.nih.gov/blog/2019pmc/2articles/23PMC6371958/detecting-morally-significant-pain-in-nonhumans-some-philosophical-difficulties|titlejournal=Detecting Morally Significant Pain Frontiers in Nonhumans: Some Philosophical DifficultiesVeterinary Science|websitevolume=Rethink Priorities6|languagedoi=en-US10.3389/fvets.2019.00013|access-dateissn=2019-072297-221769}}</ref> <!-- pmc=6371958|pmid=30805350 -->

| 2018 2019 || (winter) February 27 || Publication || Oscar Horta || Animal Ethics publishes "Concern for Wild Animal Suffering and Environmental EthicsWelfare biology research: What Are the Limits of the Disagreement?Sexual competition".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Horta|first=Oscar|date=2018|title=CONCERN FOR WILD ANIMAL SUFFERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS: WHAT ARE THE LIMITS OF THE DISAGREEMENT?web|url=httphttps://www.eruditanimal-ethics.org/en/journals/ateliers/2018welfare-biology-v13research-n1sexual-ateliers04192/1055119arcompetition/|journaltitle=Les ateliers de l'éthique / The Ethics ForumWelfare biology research: Sexual competition|languagelast=enEthics|volumefirst=13Animal|issuedate=12019-02-27|pageswebsite=85–100Animal Ethics|doiaccess-date=10.7202/1055119ar|issn=17182019-07-997722}}</ref>

| 2018 2019 || {{dtsApril 12 ||December 30}} Funding || Funding Elisabeth Dimitras || The EA Animal Welfare Fund management team Ethics grants an undisclosed amount to Elisabeth Dimitras to study wild animals admitted to sanctuaries and rescue centers (Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, and Jamie Spurgeonwild animal rehabilitation centers) grants $20,000 in Greece. The project aims to analyze data from the EA Animal Welfare Fund rehabilitation centers to Utility Farm. Alsofigure out "reasons for admission, they grant $75mortality rates,000 to Rethink Prioritiescause of death by age and sex, how this varies over time, whose research agenda within animal welfare includes assessment and the outcomes of work on wild animal welfarethe animals after treatment".<ref>{{cite Cite web|url = https://appwww.effectivealtruismanimal-ethics.org/funds/animal-welfareethics-funding-project-examining-causes-of-harm-and-mortality-to-wild-animals-in-greece/payouts/2uyvubn8KUCoqOQS6A4ayW|title = Payout Report: Animal Welfare Fund. December 2018 - Animal Welfare Fund Grants|quote = Researching tractable interventions to improve wild animal welfare. Within the animal advocacy movement, there seems to be an increasing interest in helping wild animals, but research on effective interventions is severely lacking. Utility Farm Ethics is funding a novel research organization that takes a practical approach, prioritizing the research project examining causes of potentially tractable interventions. For example, they published a report on humane insecticides harm and they are currently research interventions mortality to reduce the suffering of birds and small mammals caused by feral and free-ranging cats. We believe that research on wild animal welfare is both important and relatively neglected, so we are happy to support it where we can.animals in Greece|last=Ethics|first=Animal|date = December 30, 20182019-04-12|accessdate website= March 29, 2019Animal Ethics|publisher access-date= Effective Altruism Funds2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || {{dtsApril 15 ||January 25}} Publication || Project Persis Eskander || Wild-Animal Suffering Research and Utility Farm merge to form Robert Wiblin interviews Persis Eskander on the 80,000 Hours podcast about "Animals in the Wild Animal Initiativewild often suffer a great deal. What, if anything, should we do about that?".<ref>{{cite Cite web|url = https://www.wildanimalinitiative80000hours.org/blogpodcast/episodes/announcingpersis-waieskander-wild-animal-welfare/|title = Announcing WIld Animal InitiativeAnimals in the wild often suffer a great deal. What, if anything, should we do about that?|date website= January 2580, 2019000 Hours|accessdate language= March 29, 2019}} Crossen-posted to https://wasUS|access-research.org/blog/announcingdate=2019-wild07-animal-initiative/ on the Wild-Animal Suffering Research blog and to https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/jzikTHMSpckYg9ZPp/announcing-wild-animal-initiative on the Effective Altruism Forum. See also the associated discussion on Reddit at https://www.reddit.com/r/EffectiveAltruism/comments/ajr27e/announcing_wild_animal_initiative_wildanimal/22}}</ref>

| 2019 || February 5 April 21 || Publication Funding || Johan Lindsjö|| ACE's Effective Animal Advocacy Fund grants US$44, Katarina Cvek, Elin M. F. Spangenberg, Johan N. G. Olsson, and Margareta Stéen publish "The Dividing Line Between Wildlife Research and Management—Implications for 000 to Animal Welfare"Ethics.<ref>{{Cite journalweb|lasturl=Lindsjö|first=Johan|last2=Cvek|first2=Katarina|last3=Spangenberg|first3=Elin Mhttps://www. Fanimal-ethics.org/animal-charity-evaluators-effective-animal-advocacy-fund-grant-wild-animal-suffering/|last4title=OlssonAnimal Charity Evaluators’ Effective Animal Advocacy Fund will support Animal Ethics’s wild animal suffering work|first4last=Johan N. G.Ethics|last5first=Stéen|first5=MargaretaAnimal|date=2019-0204-0521|titlewebsite=The Dividing Line Between Wildlife Research and Management—Implications for Animal WelfareEthics|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nihanimalcharityevaluators.govorg/pmcdonation-advice/articles/PMC6371958effective-animal-advocacy-fund/|journaltitle=Frontiers in Veterinary ScienceEffective Animal Advocacy Fund|volumewebsite=6Animal Charity Evaluators|doilanguage=10.3389/fvets.2019.00013en-US|issnaccess-date=22972019-07-176922}}</ref> <!-- pmc=6371958|pmid=30805350 -->

| 2019 || February 27 {{dts|March 6}} || Funding || Publication Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, Jamie Spurgeon || The EA Animal Welfare Fund management team (Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, and Jamie Spurgeon) grants $50,000 from the EA Animal Ethics publishes "Welfare biology Fund to Wild Animal Initiative. Also, they grant $80,000 to Rethink Priorities, whose research agenda includes research: Sexual competition"into wild animal welfare.<ref>{{Cite cite web|url=https://wwwapp.animal-ethicseffectivealtruism.org/funds/animal-welfare-biology-research-sexual-competition/payouts/7ysr1iPZTjf4fBAPfP3xuB|title=Payout Report: Animal Welfare Fund. March 2019 - Animal Welfare biology research: Sexual competitionFund Grants|lastdate =EthicsMarch 6, 2019|firstaccessdate =AnimalMarch 29, 2019|datepublisher =2019-02-27Effective Altruism Funds|websitequote =Research on tractable interventions to help wild animals. Two recipients of previous grants from the Animal Welfare Fund — Wild-Animal Suffering Research and Utility Farm — have recently merged to form a new group: Wild Animal Ethics|accessInitiative. Under the direction of Abraham Rowe, Wild Animal Initiative will focus on research prioritization, academic outreach, and research on potential near-date=2019term interventions. Over the next year, they plan to expand their research and communications staff. They are also looking into funding early-07career academics to do research that is aligned with their goals. We think that wild animal suffering is a relatively large-22scale and neglected problem, so we are happy to support one of the few organizations currently working in that space.}}</ref>

| 2019 || April 12 June 7 || Funding Publication || Animal Ethics grants an undisclosed amount to Elisabeth Dimitras to study wild animals admitted to sanctuaries and rescue centers (wild animal rehabilitation centers) in Greece. The project aims to analyze data from rehabilitation centers to figure out || Rethink Priorities publishes "Life history classification"reasons for admission, mortality rates"Insect herbivores, cause of death by age life history and sex, how this varies over time, and the outcomes of the animals after treatmentwild animal welfare".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animal-ethicsrethinkpriorities.org/animalblog/2019/6/7/life-ethicshistory-funding-project-examining-causes-of-harm-and-mortality-to-wild-animals-in-greece/classification|title=Animal Ethics is funding a novel research project examining causes of harm and mortality to wild animals in Greece|last=EthicsLife history classification|firstwebsite=AnimalRethink Priorities|datelanguage=2019en-04-12|website=Animal EthicsUS|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || April 15 June 9 || Publication || Robert Wiblin interviews Persis Eskander || Rethink Priorities publishes a series of articles on the 80,000 Hours podcast about "Animals in the wild often suffer a great deal. What, if anything, should we do about that?"invertebrate sentience.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://80000hourswww.rethinkpriorities.org/podcast/episodes/persis-eskander-wild-animal-welfare/publications|title=Animals in the wild often suffer a great deal. What, if anything, should we do about that?Publications|website=80,000 HoursRethink Priorities|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || April 21 June 14 || Funding Publication || ACE's Effective Animal Advocacy Fund grants US$44,000 to Animal Ethics|| Rethink Priorities publishes "What Do Unconscious Processes in Humans Tell Us About Sentience?".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animal-ethicsrethinkpriorities.org/animal-charity-evaluators-effective-animal-advocacy-fund-grant-wild-animal-sufferingblog/|title=Animal Charity Evaluators’ Effective Animal Advocacy Fund will support Animal Ethics’s wild animal suffering work|last=Ethics|first=Animal|date=2019/6/14/what-04do-21|website=Animal Ethics|accessunconscious-date=2019processes-07in-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://animalcharityevaluators.org/donationhumans-advice/effectivetell-animalus-advocacyabout-fund/sentience|title=Effective Animal Advocacy FundWhat Do Unconscious Processes in Humans Tell Us About Sentience?|website=Animal Charity EvaluatorsRethink Priorities|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || {{dtsJuly 1 ||March 6}} Publication || Funding || The EA Animal Welfare Fund management team (Lewis Bollard, Natalie Cargill, Toni Adleberg, and Jamie Spurgeon) grants $50,000 from the EA Animal Welfare Fund to Wild Animal Initiative. Also, they grant $80,000 to Rethink Priorities, whose research agenda includes research into wild animal welfareEthics publishes a new article about how fireworks harm nonhuman animals of all sizes.<ref>{{cite Cite web|url = https://appwww.effectivealtruismanimal-ethics.org/funds/animalfireworks-harm-nonhuman-welfare/payoutsanimals/7ysr1iPZTjf4fBAPfP3xuB|title = Payout Report: Animal Welfare Fund. March 2019 - Animal Welfare Fund GrantsA new article about how fireworks harm nonhuman animals of all sizes|date last= March 6, 2019Ethics|accessdate first= March 29, 2019Animal|publisher date= Effective Altruism Funds2019-07-01|quote website= Research on tractable interventions to help wild animals. Two recipients of previous grants from the Animal Welfare Fund — WildEthics|access-Animal Suffering Research and Utility Farm — have recently merged to form a new group: Wild Animal Initiative. Under the direction of Abraham Rowe, Wild Animal Initiative will focus on research prioritization, academic outreach, and research on potential near-term interventions. Over the next year, they plan to expand their research and communications staff. They are also looking into funding earlydate=2019-career academics to do research that is aligned with their goals. We think that wild animal suffering is a relatively large07-scale and neglected problem, so we are happy to support one of the few organizations currently working in that space.22}}</ref>

| 2019 || June 7 April || Publication Project || Rethink Priorities publishes "Life history classification", "Insect herbivores|| Wild Animal Initiative launches ''Wildness'', life history and a podcast on wild animal welfare"ethics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rethinkprioritieswildanimalinitiative.org/blog/2019/6/7/life-history-classificationwildness|title=Life history classificationWildness Podcast|website=Rethink PrioritiesWild Animal Initiative|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || June 9 January || Publication Project || Rethink Priorities publishes a series || Wild Animal Initiative launches The Compassionate Cat Grant aiming "to gather information on cat predation education at the rescue organization level and draw conclusions regarding the effect of articles advocacy efforts on invertebrate sentiencethe welfare of wild animals".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rethinkprioritiescatgrants.org/publications|title=PublicationsThe Compassionate Cat Grant|website=Rethink PrioritiesThe Compassionate Cat Grant|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || June 14 || Publication Funding || Rethink Priorities publishes Oscar Horta, Maria Salazar || ACE's Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards funding "What Do Unconscious Processes in Humans Tell Us About Sentience?to Oscar Horta and Maria Salazar (Animal Ethics) for this study. The purpose of this research project is to explore how to establish an expert field of research on wild animal welfare.".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwresearchfund.rethinkprioritiesanimalcharityevaluators.org/blog/2019funded-projects/6/14/whatestablishing-doa-unconsciousfield-processesof-inresearch-humansfor-tellwild-usanimal-about-sentiencesuffering/|title=What Do Unconscious Processes in Humans Tell Us About Sentience?Establishing a field of research for wild animal suffering|date=2019-02-07|website=Rethink PrioritiesAnimal Advocacy Research Fund|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 || July 1 || Publication Funding || || "[ACE's Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards] funding to Oscar Horta (Animal Ethics publishes a new article about how fireworks harm nonhuman animals ) for this project. The purpose of all sizesthis project is to gain insight into the lines of research on wild animal suffering most likely to be accepted by and appealing to biologists and animal welfare scientists and students."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwresearchfund.animal-ethicsanimalcharityevaluators.org/fireworksfunded-projects/surveying-attitudes-toward-interventions-reducing-wild-animal-harmsuffering-nonhumanamong-animalsscientists-and-students/|title=A new article about how fireworks harm nonhuman animals of all sizes|last=Ethics|first=AnimalSurveying attitudes toward interventions reducing wild animal suffering among scientists and students|date=2019-02-07-01|website=Animal EthicsAdvocacy Research Fund|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref>

| 2019 2020 || {{dts|January 15}}|| April Publication || Project Jeff Sebo || Wild Animal Initiative launches WildnessJeff Sebo in "All We Owe to Animals", describes the seriousness of the threat of climate change to both humans and nonhuman animals and argues that we have a podcast on moral obligation to relieve the suffering of individual wild animal ethicsanimals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwwaeon.wildanimalinitiative.orgco/essays/wildnesswe-cant-stand-by-as-animals-suffer-and-die-in-their-billions|title=Wildness PodcastAll We Owe to Animals|date=2019-02-07|website=Wild Animal InitiativeAeon|language=en-US|access-date=20192020-0702-2229}}</ref>

| 2019 2020 || January {{dts|February 10}}|| Publication || Project Animal Ethics || Wild Animal Initiative launches The Compassionate Cat Grant aiming Ethics publishes "to gather information on cat predation education at Scientists' attitudes towards improving the rescue organization level and draw conclusions regarding the effect welfare of advocacy efforts on animals in the welfare of wild animals: a qualitative study".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catgrantswww.animal-ethics.org/scientists-attitudes-animals-wild-qualitative/|title=The Compassionate Cat GrantScientists' attitudes towards improving the welfare of animals in the wild: a qualitative study|date=2020-02-10|website=The Compassionate Cat GrantAnimal Ethics|language=en-US|access-date=20192020-0704-2206}}</ref>

| 2019 2020 || {{dts|February 29}}| Funding | Publication || ACE's Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards funding "to Oscar Horta and Maria Salazar (Ethics || Animal Ethics) for this study. The purpose releases the first video of this research project is to explore how to establish an expert field of research online course on wild animal welfaresuffering."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://researchfundwww.animalcharityevaluatorsanimal-ethics.org/fundedannouncing-projects/establishingthe-afirst-fieldvideo-of-researchan-online-course-foron-wild-animal-suffering/|title=Establishing a field Announcing the first video of research for an online course on wild animal suffering|date=20192020-02-0729|website=Animal Advocacy Research FundEthics|language=en-US|access-date=20192020-0704-2206}}</ref>

| 2019 2020 || {{dts|April 3}}|| Publication || Funding Animal Ethics || "[ACEAnimal Ethics releases ''s Animal Advocacy Research Fund awards] funding Introduction to Oscar Horta (Wild Animal Ethics) for this project. The purpose of this project is Suffering: A Guide to gain insight into the lines of research on wild animal suffering most likely Issues'', as a companion text to be accepted by and appealing to biologists and animal welfare scientists and studentsits online video course."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://researchfundwww.animalcharityevaluatorsanimal-ethics.org/funded-projects/surveying-attitudes-toward-interventions-reducingintroduction-wild-animal-suffering-among-scientists-and-students/|title=Surveying attitudes toward interventions reducing Introduction to wild animal suffering among scientists and students: A guide to the issues|date=20192020-0204-0703|website=Animal Advocacy Research FundEthics|language=en-US|access-date=20192020-0704-2206}}</ref>