View source for Timeline of kidney cancer

{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}

This is a '''timeline of [[wikipedia:kidney cancer|kidney cancer]]''', describing especially major discoveries and advances in treatment of the disease.

==Big picture==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year/period !! Key developments
|-
|19th century||First descriptions of renal carcinoma are recorded. [[wikipedia:Nephrectomy|Nephrectomy]] is developed.
|-
|20th century||More types of kidney cancers are described. [[wikipedia:Nephrology|Nephrology]] is established in the second half of the century. 
|-
|Prior to 1980s||Very limited alternatives are available to treat [[wikipedia:kidney cancer|kidney cancer]]. For patients whose cancer has not spread beyond the [[wikipedia:kidneys|kidneys]], complete surgical removal of the kidney is often, but not always, effective. For those with more advanced disease, however, the available [[wikipedia:chemotherapy|chemotherapy]] and [[wikipedia:radiation|radiation]] treatments have little effect and survival is usually limited to a few months.<ref name="Cancer progress" />
|-
|1980s onward||New imaging modalities such as [[wikipedia:ultrasonography|ultrasonography]], [[wikipedia:CT scan|computed tomography]], and [[wikipedia:magnetic resonance imaging|magnetic resonance imaging]] come into widespread use. 
|-
|1990s||[[wikipedia:Immunotherapy|Immunotherapy]] is introduced, which enables doctors to extend the lives of some patients whose cancer have spread.<ref name="Cancer progress" />
|-
|Present time||Currently, most cases of [[wikipedia:kidney cancer|kidney cancer]] occur in the [[wikipedia:developed world|developed world]], with the highest incidence in [[wikipedia:North America|North America]] and [[wikipedia:Europe|Europe]], and the lowest incidence in Africa and Asia.<ref name="Kidney cancer statistics" />  Treatments today include [[wikipedia:surgery|surgery]], [[wikipedia:ablation|ablation]], active surveillance, [[wikipedia:radiation therapy|radiation therapy]], [[wikipedia:targeted therapy|targeted therapy]], [[wikipedia:immunotherapy|immunotherapy]] and [[wikipedia:chemotherapy|chemotherapy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=How is kidney cancer treated?|url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-treating-general-info|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>
|}

== Numerical and visual data  ==

=== Google Scholar ===

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of August 8, 2021.

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! kidney cancer
|-
| 1950 || 805
|-
| 1955 || 1,100
|-
| 1960 || 1,700
|-
| 1965 || 2,570
|-
| 1970 || 3,530
|-
| 1975 || 4,960
|-
| 1980 || 7,170
|-
| 1985 || 9,400
|-
| 1990 || 12,300
|-
| 1995 || 17,500
|-
| 2000 || 39,500
|-
| 2005 || 71,600
|-
| 2010 || 105,000
|-
| 2015 || 117,000
|-
| 2020 || 65,100 
|-
|}

[[File:Kidney cancer google schoolar.png|thumb|center|700px]]

=== Google Trends ===

The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data Kidney cancer (Medical disorder) and Kidney cancer (Search Term), from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kidney cancer |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F02kvl06,Kidney%20cancer |website=Google Trends |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Kidney cancer gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]

=== Google Ngram Viewer ===

The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Kidney cancer, from 1900 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kidney cancer |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Kidney+cancer&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Kidney cancer ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]

=== Wikipedia Views ===

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Kidney cancer}}, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to February 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kidney cancer |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Kidney+cancer&allmonths=allmonths&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Kidney cancer wv.png|thumb|center|400px]]

==Full timeline==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location
|-
|1613||Development||German physician [[wikipedia:Daniel Sennert|Daniel Sennert]] publishes his text ''Practicae Medicinae'' making the first reference suggesting a tumor arising in the [[wikipedia:kidney|kidney]].<ref name="Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma">{{cite web|title=Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma|url=http://cancerscienceandresearch.jacobspublishers.com/images/Cancer/J_J_Cancer_Sci_Res_1_2_012.pdf}}</ref>||
|-
|1810||Development||Case of [[wikipedia:renal carcinoma|renal carcinoma]] is first described.<ref>{{cite web|title=Landmarks in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma|url=http://www.nature.com/nrurol/journal/v11/n9/full/nrurol.2014.194.html?message-global=remove|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:France|France]]
|-
|1877||Development||German [[wikipedia:surgeon|surgeon]] [[wikipedia:Carl Langenbuch|Carl Langenbuch]] performs the first [[wikipedia:nephrectomy|nephrectomy]] (kidney removal) for neoplastic disease.<ref name="The contemporary role of surgery in kidney cancer">{{cite journal|title=The contemporary role of surgery in kidney cancer|pmc=2687804 | pmid=19478900 | volume=16 Suppl 1|year=2009|journal=Curr Oncol|pages=S8–S15 | last1 = Lattouf | first1 = JB | last2 = Trinh | first2 = QD | last3 = Saad | first3 = F | doi=10.3747/co.v16i0.410}}</ref>||
|-
|1899||Development||German pathologist [[wikipedia:Max Wilms|Max Wilms]] first describes nephroblastomas (kidney cancer in children), today also known as [[wikipedia:Wilms' tumor|Wilms' tumor]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wilms’ tumours|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/cancer-questions/wilms-tumour|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1932||Development||J. R. Hand and A. Broders first report a relationship between histological grade and cancer-specific survival in patients with [[wikipedia:renal cell carcinoma|renal cell carcinoma]], showing that patients with high grade of RCC are more likely to die and die sooner after [[wikipedia:diagnosis|diagnosis]] than those with low grade tumors.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nuñez|first1=Kelvin R.|title=Focus on Kidney Cancer Research|page=101|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=J5UW6DsXOHgC&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=%22kidney+cancer%22+%22in+1900..1945%22&source=bl&ots=qCgqPQQnqQ&sig=0L7VZQIqK_1TxOH-RxzMQwd9kwY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJp62UoPzOAhWCiZAKHSIEAK8Q6AEIWTAJ#v=snippet&q=in%201932&f=false}}</ref>||
|-
|1941||Development||First description of [[wikipedia:hypercalcemia|hypercalcemia]] in [[wikipedia:renal cell carcinoma|renal cell carcinoma]], separating into two categories: [[wikipedia:metastasis|metastatic]] and [[wikipedia:metastasis|nonmetastatic]].<ref name="Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Urologic Malignancy">{{cite journal|title=Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Urologic Malignancy: The Many Faces of Renal Cell Carcinoma|pmc=1475999 | pmid=16985675 | volume=4|year=2002|journal=Rev Urol|pages=163–70 | last1 = Palapattu | first1 = GS | last2 = Kristo | first2 = B | last3 = Rajfer | first3 = J}}</ref>||
|-
|1956||Development||French physician [[wikipedia:Pierre Masson|Pierre Masson]] first describes [[wikipedia:tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma|tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma]] of the kidney.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Tubulocystic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Renal Tumor|journal=Journal of Kidney Cancer and VHL|doi=10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.13 | volume=1|pages=56}}</ref>||
|-
|1957||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Thalidomide|Thalidomide]] is launched to the market as a [[wikipedia:immunotherapy|immunomodulatory drug]]. Today it is used for treating some cancers, including kidney cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Thalidomide|url=http://www.news-medical.net/health/History-of-Thalidomide.aspx|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]]
|-
|1960||Development||[[wikipedia:Nephrology|Nephrology]], the discipline that studies the kidney and its functions, is established.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bickerstaff|first1=Linda|title=Kidney Cancer: Current and Emerging Trends in Detection and Treatment|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=UIbsq7Uni_8C&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=%22kidney+cancer%22+%22in+1900..1970+%22&source=bl&ots=QUzmqKtixh&sig=VZIHp76NAjRSFluK0AswBpjx3fk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjonb_Kp_zOAhXEfZAKHedzDPE4FBDoAQhHMAc#v=onepage&q=%22kidney%20cancer%22%20%22in%201900..1970%20%22&f=false}}</ref>||
|-
|1967||Discovery||[[wikipedia:Juxtaglomerular cell tumor|Juxtaglomerular cell tumor]], a rare kidney tumor of the [[wikipedia:juxtaglomerular cells|juxtaglomerular cells]], is first described.<ref name="kuroda">{{cite journal|last=Naoto Kuroda|title=Review of juxtaglomerular cell tumor with focus on pathobiological aspect|journal=Diagnostic Pathology|year=2011|pmc=3173291|pmid=21871063|doi=10.1186/1746-1596-6-80|volume=6|pages=80|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
||
|-
|1978||Development||Researchers show that [[wikipedia:nephrectomy|nephrectomy]] alone has a minimal effect on survival in patients with [[wikipedia:metastatic renal cell carcinoma|metastatic renal cell carcinoma]].<ref name="Role of surgery in advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma">{{cite journal|title=Role of surgery in advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma|doi=10.4103/0970-1591.65381|pmc=2938537 | pmid=20877591|volume=26|year=2010|journal=Indian J Urol|pages=167–76 | last1 = Bhat | first1 = S}}</ref>||
|-
|1978||Discovery||[[wikipedia:Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney|Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney]] is first described.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney in a Neonate|pmc=4420453 | pmid=26023506 | volume=3|year=2014|journal=J Neonatal Surg|pages=35 | last1 = SukdevJadhav | first1 = A | last2 = Jain | first2 = S | last3 = Tuteja | first3 = N | last4 = Agrawal | first4 = L}}</ref>||
|-
|1985||Development||Researchers discover that [[wikipedia:immunotherapy|immunotherapy]] with [[wikipedia:interleukin 2|interleukin 2]] leads to long term tumor shrinkage in some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.<ref name="Cancer progress">{{cite web|title=Cancer progress|url=http://cancerprogress.net/timeline/kidney-cancer|accessdate=7 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1990||Treatment||American physician Ralph Clayman performs the first [[wikipedia:Laparoscopic surgery|laparoscopic]] radical [[wikipedia:nephrectomy|nephrectomy]] (LRN) for a kidney tumor.<ref name="Localized renal cell carcinoma management: an update">{{cite web|title=Localized renal cell carcinoma management: an update|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-55382008000600002|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>|| 
|-
|1990||Organization||The Kidney Cancer Association is founded. It provides patient information on the disease, its treatment, and clinical trials among other services.<ref name="Kidney Cancer Resources">{{cite web|title=Kidney Cancer Resources|url=http://www.oreilly.com/onconurse/factsheets/kidney_resources.html|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Evanston, Illinois|Evanston, Illinois]], [[wikipedia:US|US]] 
|-
|1992||Treatment||DFA approves [[wikipedia:interleukin 2|interleukin 2]], which soon becomes standard therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma.<ref name="Cancer progress" />||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|1995||Discovery||[[wikipedia:Renal medullary carcinoma|Renal medullary carcinoma]] (a rare type of cancer that affects the kidney) is first described.<ref name="Davis CJ">{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00000478-199501000-00001 |pmid=7528470 |title=Renal Medullary Carcinoma the Seventh Sickle Cell Nephropathy |journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |year=1995 |last1=Davis |first1=Charles J. |last2=Mostofi |first2=F. K. |last3=Sesterhenn |first3=Isabell A. }}</ref>||
|-
|1995–1997||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Cryoablation|Cryoablation]] and [[wikipedia:radiofrequency|radiofrequency]] ablation are introduced as alternatives to surgery into small renal tumors.<ref name="Cancer progress" />||
|-
|2000||Discovery||Researchers discover that combination of kidney removal and [[wikipedia:immunotherapy|immunotherapy]] increases survival time by 50 percent in patients with advanced renal cancer.<ref name="Cancer progress" />||
|-
|2000||Organization||[[wikipedia:Kidney Cancer UK|Kidney Cancer UK]] is founded as a charity to support "[[wikipedia:kidney cancer|kidney cancer]] patients, their carers, medical professionals and scientific researchers."<ref>{{cite web|title=Kidney Cancer UK|url=http://www.kcuk.org.uk/|accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
|-
|2001||Development||The [[wikipedia:UCLA|UCLA]] Integrated Staging System (UISS) prognostic model for [[wikipedia:renal cell carcinoma|renal cell carcinoma]] is developed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kidney Cancer (Adult) - Renal Cell Carcinoma  + - Text Size Download Printable Version [PDF]» Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging TOPICS Document Topics GO » SEE A LIST » Previous Topic How is kidney cancer diagnosed? Next Topic Survival rates for kidney cancer by stage How is kidney cancer staged?|url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-staging|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Los Angeles|Los Angeles]], [[wikipedia:California|California]], [[wikipedia:US|US]]
|-
|2004||Treatment||First robot-assisted [[wikipedia:laparoscopy|laparoscopic]] [[wikipedia:nephrectomy|partial nephrectomy]] (ralpn) is introduced.<ref name="The contemporary role of surgery in kidney cancer" />||
|-
|2004||Development||[[wikipedia:WHO|WHO]] introduces new classification of renal cell carcinoma, based on pathology and genetic abnormalities. Malignant tumors: [[wikipedia:clear cell renal cell carcinoma|clear cell renal cell carcinoma]], [[wikipedia:multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma|multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma]], [[wikipedia:papillary renal cell carcinoma|papillary renal cell carcinoma]], [[wikipedia:chromophobe renal cell carcinoma|chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]], [[wikipedia:carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini|carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini]], [[wikipedia:renal medulary carcinoma|renal medulary carcinoma]], [[wikipedia:xp11 translocation carcinomas|xp11 translocation carcinomas]], [[wikipedia:carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma|carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma]], [[wikipedia:mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma|mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]], and renal cell carcinoma unclassified.<ref name="Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma" />||
|-
|2005||Treatment||[[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves Nexavar ([[wikipedia:sorafenib|sorafenib]]) for treating advanced kidney cancer.<ref name="Therapies for Advanced Kidney Cancer"/>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|2006||Treatment||[[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves Sutent ([[wikipedia:sunitinib malate|sunitinib malate]]) for kidney cancer patients because of its ability to reduce the size of tumors.<ref name="Therapies for Advanced Kidney Cancer">{{cite web|title=Therapies for Advanced Kidney Cancer|url=http://www.kidneycancer.org/knowledge/learn/therapies-for-advanced-kidney-cancer/|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|2007||Treatment||Intravenous drug [[wikipedia:temsirolimus|temsirolimus]] (TEMSR) is approved for treating advanced renal cell carcinoma.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Temsirolimus in daily use: results of a prospective multicentre noninterventional study of patients with metastatic kidney cancer.|doi=10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.055|pmid=24012472 | volume=66|journal=Eur Urol|pages=275-81 | last1 = Schrader | first1 = AJ | last2 = Seseke | first2 = S | last3 = Keil | first3 = C | last4 = Herrmann | first4 = E | last5 = Goebell | first5 = PJ | last6 = Weikert | first6 = S | last7 = Steffens | first7 = S | last8 = Bergmann | first8 = L | last9 = Roigas | first9 = J | last10 = Steiner | first10 = T}}</ref>||
|-
|2008||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Oncophage|Oncophage]] is approved for use as a [[wikipedia:vaccine therapy|vaccine therapy]] against kidney cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Can we develop a vaccine for cancer?|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/can-we-develop-a-vaccine-for-cancer/|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]
|-
|2009||Treatment||[[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves Votrient ([[wikipedia:pazopanib|pazopanib]]) as an oral medication that interferes with angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels needed for solid tumors to grow. It is a [[wikipedia:Protein kinase inhibitor|kinase inhibitor]] indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.<ref name="Therapies for Advanced Kidney Cancer" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Pazopanib shows better quality-of-life in advanced kidney cancer|url=http://www.dana-farber.org/Newsroom/News-Releases/Pazopanib-shows-better-quality-of-life-in-advanced-kidney-cancer.aspx|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|2009||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Bevacizumab|Bevacizumab]] is approved for treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma after multiple studies confirm benefit when combining with [[wikipedia:interferon|interferon]].<ref name="Cancer progress" />||
|-
|2009||Treatment||[[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves [[wikipedia:everolimus|everolimus]] to treat metastatic kidney cancer that has progressed after treatment with either [[wikipedia:sorafenib|sorafenib]] or [[wikipedia:sunitinib|sunitinib]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Adjuvant Everolimus for Resected Kidney Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/research/adjuvant-everolimus|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|2012||Report||With 338,000 new cases diagnosed, kidney cancer becomes the twelfth most common cancer in the world (joint position with pancreatic cancer).<ref name="Kidney cancer statistics">{{cite web|title=Kidney cancer statistics|url=http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/kidney-cancer-statistics|accessdate=6 September 2016}}</ref>|| 
|-
|2012||Treatment||[[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approved Inlyta ([[wikipedia:axitinib|axitinib]]) as a prescription medicine used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma when one prior drug treatment for this disease has not worked.<ref name="Therapies for Advanced Kidney Cancer" />||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of lung cancer|Timeline of lung cancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of brain cancer|Timeline of brain cancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of colorectal cancer|Timeline of colorectal cancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of pancreatic cancer|Timeline of pancreatic cancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of liver cancer|Timeline of liver cancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of bladder cancer|Timeline of bladder cancer]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Cancer timeline}}
[[wikipedia:Category:Kidney cancer|Category:Kidney cancer]]
[[wikipedia:Category:Health-related timelines|Category:Health-related timelines]]