Difference between revisions of "Timeline of healthcare in France"

This is a '''timeline of [[healthcare in France]]'''. Major events such as policies and organizations are described.

|Middle Ages||Southern France is one of the leading medical centers in Europe. The [[University of Montpellier]] is founded and becomes prominent.<ref name="Medieval Medicine History">{{cite web|title=Medieval Medicine History|url=http://www.medieval-spell.com/Medieval-Medicine.html|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>

|1871–1914||The [[French Third Republic]] follows behind Bismarckian Germany, as well as Great Britain, in developing the welfare state including public health, accident and old-age insurance.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nord | first1 = Philip | year = 1994 | title = The welfare state in France, 1870-1914 | journal = French Historical Studies | volume = 18 | issue = 3| pages = 821–838 | jstor=286694 | doi=10.2307/286694}}</ref>

|1945 onwards||France develops a [[universal healthcare]] system.<ref name="France Fights Universal Care's High Cost">{{cite web|title=France Fights Universal Care's High Cost|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124958049241511735|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref>

|Present||Today, the French healthcare system is one of universal healthcare largely financed by government [[national health insurance]] and is regarded among the best in the world. In the last years, there has been an increase in the rate of [[obesity]] among the French due mostly to the replacement in eating habits of traditional healthy [[French cuisine]] by junk food.<ref>{{cite news|title=Even the French are fighting obesity|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/04/world/europe/even-the-french-are-fighting-obesity.html|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>   

|1289||Organization||The [[University of Montpellier]] is founded. Its medical school becomes prominent and famous for arguing in the fourteenth century that the [[Black Death]] is caused by a miasma entering the opening of the body's pores, citing theories developed by [[Galen]]. Doctors educated at Montpellier advocate against bathing because they claim bathing opens the body's pores, making one more susceptible to the [[bubonic plague]].<ref>{{cite web|title=30 of the Oldest Medical Schools in the World|url=http://www.bestmedicaldegrees.com/30-of-the-oldest-medical-schools-in-the-world/|website=bestmedicaldegrees.com|accessdate=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oK4HTBcdSJsC&lpg=PA112&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Black Death - Robert S. Gottfried - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Montpellier]]

|1443||Organization||[[Hospices de Beaune]] is founded as a hospital for the poor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hospices de Beaune|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4082392/f169.image|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Beaune]]

|1602||Organization||[[Hôpital de la Charité]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hôpital de la Charité. Paris|url=http://data.bnf.fr/12491253/hopital_de_la_charite_paris/|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1633||Organization||[[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul]] is founded as a society of young women who share their dedication of helping the poor and the sick.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul|url=http://daughtersofcharity.org/about-us/early-history/|accessdate=22 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03605a.htm|website=newadvent.org|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||

|1645||Organization||[[Charenton (asylum)|Charenton]] is founded as a [[lunatic asylum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Charenton (asylum)|url=http://www.serpsy.org/psy_levons_voile/hopital/Charenton_hospital.html|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne]]  

|1656||Organization||[[Bicêtre Hospital]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bicêtre Hospital|url=http://hopital-bicetre.aphp.fr/44-2/|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bicêtre|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bicetre|website=britannica.com|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1752||Organization||The [[Hôpital-Général de Douai]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=En savoir plus sur la Loi Monuments Historiques|url=http://www.defiscalisation-monuments-historiques.info/l-ancien-hopital-general-de-douai-un-monument-charge-478.php|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Douai]]

|1761||Organization||[[Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras]] hospital is established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hôtel-Dieu of Carpentras|url=http://www.carpentras.fr/decouvrir-carpentras/musees-et-monuments/musees/lhotel-dieu-1041.html|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=LE PÔLE CULTUREL DE L’HÔTEL-DIEU DE CARPENTRAS|url=http://bbf.enssib.fr/consulter/bbf-2007-01-0052-008|website=bbf.enssib.fr|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Vaucluse]]

|1793||Organization||[[Coignard House]] is founded as a prison hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Maison Coignard at Picpus|url=http://picpus.mmlc.northwestern.edu/mbin/WebObjects/Picpus.woa/wa/essayPageForAtomID?id=52491|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1796||Organization||[[Val-de-Grâce]] [[military hospital]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paris Val-de-Grâce hospital of the elite to close under spending cuts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/15/paris-val-de-grace-hospital-close-under-spending-cuts|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1858||Organization||[[Bégin Military Teaching Hospital]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bégin Military Teaching Hospital|url=http://www.tophealthclinics.com/clinic/405331142951565/B%C3%A9gin%20Military%20Teaching%20Hospital|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1864||Organization||The [[French Red Cross]] (Croix-Rouge française) is founded as the national [[Red Cross Society]] in France.<ref>{{cite web|title=Croix-rouge|url=http://www.croix-rouge.fr/La-Croix-Rouge/Un-mouvement-international/Origines|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=French Red Cross|url=http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/europe/french-red-cross/|website=ifrc.org|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1887||Organization||The [[Pasteur Institute]] (Institut Pasteur) is founded as a non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is one of the world's most prestigious and renown. Over the years, it has been responsible for breakthrough discoveries that have enabled medical science to control such virulent diseases as [[diphtheria]], [[tetanus]], [[tuberculosis]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[influenza]], [[yellow fever]], and [[plague (disease)|plague]].<ref name="Story of the Institut Pasteur">{{cite web|title=Story of the Institut Pasteur|url=http://www.pasteur.fr/en/institut-pasteur/history/story-institut-pasteur|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pasteur Institute|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/pasteur-institute|website=timeshighereducation.com|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||Headquarters in [[Paris]]. Serves worldwide.

|1897||Organization||The [[Institut Mérieux|Institut Biologique Mérieux]] (Mérieux Biological Institute) is founded as a health organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fondation Merieux|url=http://www.fondation-merieux.org/history|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=L'Institut Mérieux de Lyon|url=http://fresques.ina.fr/rhone-alpes/fiche-media/Rhonal00137/l-institut-merieux-de-lyon.html|website=fresques.ina.fr|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||  

|1906||Organization||The [[American Hospital of Paris]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of the American Hospital of Paris|url=https://www.american-hospital.org/en/american-hospital-of-paris/about-us/our-history.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The American Hospital of Paris|url=http://www.france-surgery.com/american-hospital-paris/|website=france-surgery.com|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Neuilly-sur-Seine]]

|1913||Organization||[[Hôpital Paul-Brousse]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hôpital Paul-Brousse|url=http://hopital-paul-brousse.aphp.fr/lhopital/qui-sommes-nous/|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse (Villejuif)|url=http://www.hopital.fr/annuaire-etablissement/ap-hp-hopital-paul-brousse-villejuif/6296|website=hopital.fr|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Villejuif]]

|1915||Organization||[[Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois]] is founded as an emergency evacuation hospital during [[World War I]]. It is organized and staffed by British volunteers and served French soldiers.<ref>Laurence Binyon, ''For Dauntless France'' (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1917)</ref>||[[Haute-Marne]]

|1915||Organization||The [[Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont]] is established.<ref>Weiner, M-F. "The Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont", J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2014; 44: 328–36</ref>||[[Val-d'Oise]]

|1920||Organization||[[Curie Institute (Paris)|Curie Foundation]] is established. The following year, it is recognized as an institution of public interest.<ref name=Curie>{{cite web|title=Institut Curie|url=http://www.institut-curie.org/foundation/our-history|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Marie Curie Radium Campaign|url=http://history.aip.org/exhibits/curie/radinst1.htm|website=history.aip.org|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]  

|1926||Organization||[[Institut Gustave Roussy]] is founded. It is considered a world-leading cancer-research institute. It is a center for patient care, research and teaching, and patients with all types of cancer can be treated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institut Gustave Roussy|url=http://academicpositions.eu/employer/institut-gustave-roussy/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Villejuif]]

|1936||Organization||[[Raymond Poincaré University Hospital]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web|title=L’hôpital Raymond Poincaré|url=http://www.centre-geneo.com/accueil/hopital-raymond-poincare/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Garches]]

|1944|| ||Occupied France. German authorities warn French doctors not to treat wounded [[French Resistance|Resistance]] members.<ref name="Health Care reform- The French system">{{cite web|title=Health Care reform- The French system I|url=http://abriefhistory.org/?p=400|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>||

||1964||Organization||The [[Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale]] (Inserm) is established as the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. It is the only public research institution solely focused on human health and medical research in France.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inserm|url=http://www.inserm.fr/qu-est-ce-que-l-inserm/missions-de-l-institut|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ÉTABLISSEMENTS PUBLICS À CARACTÈRE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNOLOGIQUE|url=http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid51694/institut-national-de-la-sante-et-de-la-recherche-medicale-inserm.html|website=enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1968||Organization||[[MEDICA]] is founded as a private health group specialized in the exploitation of global care facilities for dependent persons.<ref>{{cite web|title=MEDICA|url=https://www.ehpad-invest.com/le-secteur/les-exploitants-dehpad/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MEDICA (MDCA)|url=http://www.zonebourse.com/MEDICA-5964672/societe/|website=zonebourse.com|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] (headquarters). Serves in [[France]] and [[Italy]]

|1970||Organization||The Institut du Radium and the Curie Foundation merge to form [[Curie Institute (Paris)|Institut Curie]], with its three missions of research, teaching, and treating cancer.<ref name="Curie" /><ref>{{cite web|title=CANCER-ID Team Institut Curie|url=http://www.cancer-id.eu/partners/academic-partners/institut-curie/|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1973||Organization||[[Droits des Non-Fumeurs]] is founded as a non-governmental organization in order to protect the rights of non-smokers in France.<ref>{{cite web|title=Droits des Non-Fumeurs|url=http://dnf.asso.fr/-L-association-.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||

|1976||Policy||Universal healthcare budget adjustment. Coverage of [[ambulance]] costs is reduced.<ref name="France Fights Universal Care's High Cost" />||  

|1976||Organization||The [[Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy]] (CIML) is founded as an [[immunology]] center. The CIML addresses all areas of contemporary immunology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Centre d'immunologie de Marseille-Luminy|url=http://www.histoire.inserm.fr/les-lieux/centre-d-immunologie-de-marseille-luminy|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Marseille]]

|1983||Organization||[[Jean Minjoz Hospital]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jean Minjoz Hospital|url=http://www.temis.org/assets/files/TEMIS-News/TEMIS-News-41-en.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Besançon]]

|1983||Discovery||Team led by French researchers [[Luc Montagnier]], [[Jean-Claude Chermann]] and [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]] discover AIDS viruses, [[Subtypes of HIV|HIV1]] and [[Subtypes of HIV|HIV2]] at [[Pasteur Institute]].<ref name="Story of the Institut Pasteur" />||[[Paris]]  

|1984||Organization||[[AIDES]] is founded as a non profit organization. It is dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS and defending the rights of people and communities affected by this disease.<ref>{{cite web|title=AIDES|url=http://www.aides.org/en/about_us|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=" Quand on questionne les marges, on arrive au cœur de la politique " Daniel Defert|url=http://www.humanite.fr/quand-questionne-les-marges-arrive-au-coeur-de-la-politique-daniel-defert-552167|website=humanite.fr|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||

|1984||Organization||[[Réseau Sentinelles]] is founded as a network of general practitioners, working throughout the metropolitan regions of France. Its goal is to provide [[clinical surveillance]] for 14 health indicators.<ref>{{cite web|title=Réseau Sentinelles|url=http://www.hcsp.fr/docspdf/adsp/adsp-18/ad185457.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||  

|1985||Organization||[[Pharmaciens Sans Frontières|Pharmaciens Sans Frontières Comité International ]] (PSFCI) is founded. It is the largest humanitarian association in the world specialized in the pharmaceutical sector. Founded and based in France, it has since evolved into an international organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pharmaciens Sans Frontières|url=http://psfci.acted.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=104&Itemid=153|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pharmaciens sans frontières|url=https://www.medecinsdumonde.be/partners/pharmaciens-sans-fronti%C3%A8res|website=medecinsdumonde.be|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||

|1985||Discovery||Team led by [[Pierre Tiollais]] develops [[hepatitis B]] vaccine at [[Pasteur Institute]]. It is the first human vaccine obtained by [[genetic engineering]] from animal cells.<ref name="Story of the Institut Pasteur" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gerlich|first1=Wolfram H|title=Medical Virology of Hepatitis B: how it began and where we are now|doi=10.1186/1743-422X-10-239|url=https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-10-239|accessdate=24 December 2016|volume=10|journal=Virology Journal|pages=239}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1987||Organization||The [[FLMNE|Faculté Libre de Médecines Naturelles et d'Ethnomédecine]] (FLMNE) is founded as a professional training organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=FLMNE|url=https://www.flmne.org/|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vouloir guérir, malgré la médecine Docteur Jean-Pierre Willem Chirurgien, anthropologue, spécialiste des médecines traditionnelles.|url=http://www.bio-sante.fr/jean-pierre-willem.html|website=bio-sante.fr|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Paris]]

|1987||Organization||The [[Institute of Environmental Medicine]] (IEM) is founded. It is dedicated to [[neuroscience]] research and consulting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institut de Médecine Environnementale|url=http://www.ime.fr/|accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jacques Fradin|url=http://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/personnalites/medecine-jacques-fradin-774/|website=futura-sciences.com|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||

|1990||Organization||[[Sol En Si]] (Solidarité Enfants Sida, translated as Solidarity Children AIDS) is founded as a charity organization for helping children suffering from [[AIDS]] and their families.<ref>{{cite web|title=sol en si|url=http://www.solensi.org/qui-sommes-nous.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Solidarité Enfants Sida (Sol En Si)|url=http://sidasciences.inist.fr/?Solidarite-Enfants-Sida-Sol-En-Si|website=inist.fr|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||

|1992||Organization||[[CRNHs]] is founded as a human nutrition clinical research center. CRNHs develops research programs in nutrition within the framework of national, European and international research programs, working with industry partners and researchers worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine|url=http://www.univete-crnh-auv.fr/presentation.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Auvergne]]

|1998||Development||The Carte Vitale is introduced as the [[health insurance]] [[smartcard|card]] of the national healthcare system in France. It allows a direct settlement with the medical arm of the [[social insurance]] system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carte vitale|url=http://social-sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/carte_vitale-2.pdf|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||  

|1998||Organization||The [[Institut de veille sanitaire]] is established as a public establishment of the health minister.  Its mission is to survey the [[public health]] and, if required (for example in the case of an epidemics), to alert the administration, health specialists and the whole of the population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institut de Veille Sanitaire|url=http://www.futura-sciences.com/sante/definitions/medecine-invs-4158/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||

|2000||Policy||The Couverture maladie universelle (CMU; Universal healthcare coverage) is launched as a [[public health]] program. It reimburses medical expenses through social security to all those legally resident in France for more than three months. For people on low incomes, the CMU also offers complementary health coverage of 100%, which is added to standard Social Security payments. Illegal aliens are entitled to healthcare via the Aide médicale d'Etat (AME, State medical aid).<ref>{{cite web|title=Qu'est ce que la CMU ?|url=https://www.cmu.fr/|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> This way, France covers the remaining 1% of its population that is uninsured and offers supplementary coverage to 8% of its population below an income ceiling.<ref name="The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States" />||

|2000||Report||The French healthcare system is ranked best in the world by the [[World Health Organization]].<ref name="The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States">{{cite journal|title=The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States|pmc=1447687 | pmid=12511380 | volume=93|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=31–7 | last1 = Rodwin | first1 = VG | doi=10.2105/ajph.93.1.31}}</ref>||

|2002||Organization||[[Medtech (robotic surgery)|Medtech]] is founded as a robotic surgery company.<ref>{{cite web|title=Medtech|url=http://www.medtech.fr/|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Zimmer Biomet Buys Medtech for Rosa Surgical Robot|url=https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/zimmer-biomet-buys-medtech-rosa-surgical-robot/|accessdate=24 December 2016|publisher=Robotics Business Review}}</ref>||[[Montpellier]]

|2004||Organization||The [[Louis Bonduelle Foundation]] is established. It acts internationally with the aim of changing eating habits in a sustainable manner, by providing everyone with the means of bringing vegetables into their daily life.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bonduelle|url=http://www.bonduelle.com/en/nutrition/louis-bonduelle-business-foundation.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Bonduelle Foundation|url=http://www.fundit.fr/en/institutions/louis-bonduelle-foundation|website=fundit.fr|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||Serves in [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Belgium]], [[Netherlands]] and [[Canada]].

|2006||Organization||[[Cancer Campus]] is launched as a research and campus in [[oncology]]. It is devoted to help to fight [[cancer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cancer Campus|url=http://www.unicancer.fr/actualites/actualites-centres/inauguration-de-villejuif-bio-park-pepiniere-d%E2%80%99entreprises-de-cancer-campus|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus|url=http://www.esmo.org/Career-Development/Oncology-Fellowships/Host-Institutes/Institut-de-Cancerologie-Gustave-Roussy-France|website=esmo.org|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Villejuif]]  

|2006||Organization||[[Axess Vision Technology]] is founded as a manufacturer of medical devices, mainly [[endoscopy|endoscopes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=axess|url=http://www.societe.com/societe/axess-vision-technology-488295759.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||[[Tours]]

|2007||Organization||Association [[Grégory Lemarchal]] is founded. The organization is dedicated to improving the lives of cystic fibrosis sufferers and their families by providing information, funding research, and increasing public awareness of cystic fibrosis.<ref>{{cite web|title=LEMARCHAL|url=http://www.association-gregorylemarchal.org/rubassoc-23-naissance-de-l-association.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Le combat de l'Association Grégory Lemarchal continue|url=http://www.programme-tv.net/news/tv/40507-le-combat-de-l-association-gregory-lemarchal-continue-video/|website=programme-tv.net|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||

|2008||Organization||[[Santé Environnement France]] is founded as a non-governmental health and environmental organization. It works on several critical topics: air quality, climate change, biodiversity, electromagnetic waves, nutrition, gardening, sport, etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Association Santé Environnement France|url=http://www.generation-en-action.com/minisite/association-sante-environnement-france/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||

|2008||Program||[[Hospital, patients, health, territories|Bill HPST]] (Hospital, patients, health, territories) is launched as the first stage of the Hospital 2012 Plan, launched by French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]], which aims at revamping of the French healthcare system. The bill aims at guarantee a better and equal access to care for all French people, whatever their geographic location.<ref>{{cite web|title=HPST|url=http://www.vie-publique.fr/actualite/panorama/texte-vote/loi-du-21-juillet-2009-portant-reforme-hopital-relative-aux-patients-sante-aux-territoires.html|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref>||

|2011||Organization||The Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute (Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque) ([[LIRYC]]) is founded as a university hospital institution created as part of the investments in a program to boost medical research and innovation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque|url=https://www.ihu-liryc.fr/fr/qui-sommes-nous/p/ihu/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Institut de RYthmologie et de modélisation Cardiaque|url=http://www.jet-society.com/institut-de-rythmologie-et-de-modelisation-cardiaque-lyric-bordeaux/|website=jet-society.com|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||[[Pessac]]

|2011||Organization||The [[Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé]] (BIU Santé) is founded as a medical library. It offers collections in [[medicine]], [[dentistry]], [[pharmacy]] and related sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé|url=http://www.bdsp.ehesp.fr/reseau/biusante/|accessdate=10 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=La Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé|url=http://www.parisdescartes.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUES/La-Bibliotheque-interuniversitaire-de-sante|website=parisdescartes.fr|accessdate=24 December 2016}}</ref>||  

* [[Health care in France]]

* [[Timeline of healthcare in Italy]]

* [[Timeline of healthcare in Germany]]

[[Category:Health in France]]

[[Category:French history timelines|healthcare]]

[[Category:Health-related timelines|France]]