Difference between revisions of "Timeline of healthcare in Bangladesh"

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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
+
! Time period !! Development summary  
 +
|-
 +
| 1970s || Bangladesh gains independence, and starts implementing its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh"/> Access to modern medical facilities in rural areas remain very low.
 +
|-
 +
| 1980s || In the 1980s, Bangladesh has a basic healthcare infraestructure. However, most people in rural areas face critical health problems. The incidence of communicable disease is extensive, and there is widespread malnutrition, inadequate sewage disposal, and inadequate supplies of safe drinking water.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments">{{cite book |title=Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments |publisher=IBP USA |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bm-bBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=ybkKURPDkH&sig=vRR3LgFaalzM-n_TaVI5xFYeccY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBXoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 1990s || Bangladesh introduces its first National Health Policy, which proposes some drastic reforms of the health sector, to align with the suggestions of donors.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/> {{w|EHealth}} and {{w|mHealth}} activities are introduced in Bangladesh in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Making healthcare accessible in Bangladesh |url=https://www.idrc.ca/en/research-in-action/making-healthcare-accessible-bangladesh |website=idrc.ca |accessdate=29 September 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2000s || The second National Health Policy is framed, suggesting several major institutional reforms, including the emphasis on client-centered reproductive health, cost-effective health service provision in a package called the Essential Service Package (ESP).
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
  
 
==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
  
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
−
! Year !! Event type !! Details
+
! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Location
 +
|-
 +
| 1924 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Mymensingh Medical College}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mymensingh Medical College: |url=http://www.mmc.gov.bd/ |website=mmc.gov.bd |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref>|| {{w|Mymensingh}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1940 || Policy || The Drugs Act, 1940 is introduced, regulating the import, export, manufacture, distribution and sale of pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh.<ref name="asfffffff">{{cite book |last1=Azam |first1=Monirul |title=Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iq4yDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT52&lpg=PT52&dq=healthcare+in+pakistan+%22in+1970..1980%22&source=bl&ots=FXJw9sXglj&sig=Iw5zo4BuPCICMHfrSLNlYMAov5I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjw_6eSoO3cAhUGiJAKHdBXD0YQ6AEwBHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=healthcare%20in%20pakistan%20%22in%201970..1980%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1946 || Organization (medical school, hospital) || {{w|Dhaka Medical College and Hospital}} is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1957 || Organization (hospital) || A mental hospital is established at Pabna. Prior to this, there were no psychiatric services in Bangladesh.<ref name="addd">{{cite book |title=Mental Health Atlas 2005 |publisher=By World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Mental Health: Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Mental Health Evidence and Research Team |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2SXuXnlz3PgC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=KHJnaHDequ&sig=yK8j1JXhCUy1sLPsGrWvxyrQEOQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwAnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Pabna}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1957 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Chittagong Medical College}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=CHITTAGONG MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL |url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/6002/preview |website=electives.net |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Chittagong}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1958 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Rajshahi Medical College}} is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1962 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Sir Salimullah Medical College}} is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1962 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College}} is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> || {{{w|Sylhet}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1969 || Organization (hospital) || The first outdoor clinic starts functioning in Dhaka Medical College.<ref name="addd"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1969 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Sher-e-Bangla Medical College}} is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> || {{w|Barisal}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1970 || Organization (nursing school) || The {{w|Bangladesh College of Nursing}} is established. It is the only nursing college in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh College of Nursing |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bangladesh_College_of_Nursing |website=banglapedia.org |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1970 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Rangpur Medical College}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=RANGPUR MEDICAL COLLEGE, RANGPUR |url=http://education.bangladeshinformation.info/rangpur-medical-college/ |website=education.bangladeshinformation.info |accessdate=31 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Rangpur}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1971 || Background || Bangladesh gains independence.<ref name="Universal health care in Bangladesh—promises and perils">{{cite web |title=Universal health care in Bangladesh—promises and perils |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30470-9/fulltext |website=thelancet.com |accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1975 - 1980 || Program || Bangladesh starts to implement its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| c.1979 || Statistics || An estimated 70% of the rural population do not have access to modern medical facilities.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1980 || Organization (hospital) || The {{w|Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders}} (BIRDEM) is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Professor Dr Muhammad Ibrahim: A pioneer in diabetic care in Bangladesh |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/home/printnews/14562 |website=theindependentbd.com |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1982 || Policy || A Drug Policy is formulated under the leadership of Dr {{w|Zafrullah Chowdhury}}.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience">{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Nizam |title=Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vDKTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT112&lpg=PT112&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=Uanu3DB7R8&sig=zuuYtzyUnXtzfKXRmCXpCYU2Amo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref> The policy allows local pharmaceutical companies to acquire essential materials for producing drugs at home. Thanks to this, Bangladesh would become the first low-income country to develop a domestic pharmaceutical industry.<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh"/><ref name="asfffffff"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1985 || Infrastructure || There are 341 functional subdistrict health centers, 1,275 rural dispensaries (to be converted to union-level health and family welfare centers), and 1,054 union-level health and family welfare centers. The total number of hospital beds at the subdistrict level and below is 8,100. Of the total country's 21,637 hospital beds in the mid-1980s, about 85% belong to the government health services, and there is only about one hospital bed for every 3,600 people.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1986 (April) || Organization || A National Committe on AIDS is formed in the country, two years before an incidence of acquired immune deficiency is reported.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1986 || Organization (medical school) || The {{w|Bangladesh Medical College}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Medical College |url=http://www.bmc-bd.org/ |website=bmc-bd.org |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1971 || || Bangladesh gains independence.<ref name="Universal health care in Bangladesh—promises and perils">{{cite web |title=Universal health care in Bangladesh—promises and perils |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30470-9/fulltext |website=thelancet.com |accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>
+
| 1986 || Human capital || Bangladesh has about 16,000 physicians, 6,900 nurses, 5,200 midwives, and 1580 "lady health visitors", all registered by the government.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1982 || Policy || A Drug Policy is formulated under the leadership of Dr {{w|Zafrullah Chowdhury}}.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience">{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Nizam |title=Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vDKTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT112&lpg=PT112&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=Uanu3DB7R8&sig=zuuYtzyUnXtzfKXRmCXpCYU2Amo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1987 || Program || A national program to train and supervise traditional birth attendants (dhais) is started for maternal healthcare.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || || The first National Health Policy is announced by the government of {{w|Hussain Muhammad Ershad}}. The policy proposes some drastic reforms of the health sector, to align with the suggestions of donors.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/>  
+
| 1988 || Organization || The Bangladeshi government upgrades its nutrition policy-making capacity by creating the National Nutrition Council.<ref name="Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1991 || || Bangladesh has its first free election and General Ershad is forced to quit. The caretaker government of Shahabuddin Ahmed rescinds the National Health Policy, mostly under the pressure of health professionals. The new democratically elected regime led by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, attempts to formulate a new policy.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/>
+
| 1990 || Policy || The first National Health Policy is announced by the government of {{w|Hussain Muhammad Ershad}}. The policy proposes some drastic reforms of the health sector, to align with the suggestions of donors.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990s || || The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 25.8% in the decade.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/>
+
| 1991 || || Bangladesh has its first free election and General Ershad is forced to quit. The caretaker government of Shahabuddin Ahmed rescinds the National Health Policy, mostly under the pressure of health professionals. The new democratically elected regime led by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, attempts to formulate a new policy.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || || The second National Health Policy is framed by the {{w|Bangladesh Awami League}}.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/>  
+
| 1992 || || The Institute of Public Health produces tetanus vaccines.<ref name="asfffffff"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2007 || || The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 8%.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/>
+
| 1992 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Comilla Medical College}} is established.<ref name="Medical College">{{cite web |title=Medical College |url=http://retinabd.com/medical-college |website=retinabd.com |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref>
 +
|| {{w|Comilla}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || || The third National Health Policy is framed by the government.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/>  
+
| 1996 || || The World Bank and other members of the donor consortium informs the government of Bangladesh that they would not proceed with further credits until a comprehensive, sector-wide strategy is adopted by the country. Including among their demands are substantive structural and organizational reforms of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || || The Bangladeshi Government takes an initial step toward universal health coverage by developing health-financing strategies to raise funds through taxation and donor contributions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=Shafiur |last2=Rahman |first2=Mizanur |last3=Gilmour |first3=Stuart |last4=Thet Swe |first4=Khin |last5=Krull Abe |first5=Sarah |last6=Shibuya |first6=Kenji |title=Trends in, and projections of, indicators of universal health coverage in Bangladesh, 1995–2030: a Bayesian analysis of population-based household data |doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30413-8 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30413-8/fulltext}}</ref>  
+
| 1997 || Program || A Health and Population Sector Strategy (HPSS) is formulated under intense pressure from external donors.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1997 - 2000 || || In response to the poor public health system, prolific growth is observed in the private healthcare sector, with the number of private hospitals increasing from 288 to 613 in the period.<ref name="Culture, Health and Development in South Asia: Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1998 || Organization (medical school) || {{w|Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University}} is established as the first postgraduate medical institution of the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to BSMMU |url=http://www.bsmmu.edu.bd/ |website=bsmmu.edu.bd |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1990s || || The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 25.8% in the decade.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || Policy || The second National Health Policy is framed by the {{w|Bangladesh Awami League}}. It is closely influenced by the Health and Population Sector Strategy (HPSS), formulated earlier in 1997. The NHP2000 suggests several major institutional reforms, including the emphasis on client-centered reproductive health, cost-effective health service provision in a package called the Essential Service Package (ESP). The policy offers institutional facilities to the public sector doctors intending to do private practice, instead of banning it as in the 1990NHP.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2001 || || The {{w|World Health Organization}} approves oral cholera vaccine tested at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR-B).<ref name="asfffffff"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2003 || Budget || The annual budget allocation for health is only 5.8% of the total government expenditure (compared with 18.5% in the United States and 15.8% in the United Kingdom).<ref name="Culture, Health and Development in South Asia: Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh">{{cite book |last1=Islam |first1=M. Saiful |title=Culture, Health and Development in South Asia: Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=rUb7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=CpvYvXXrNg&sig=1sw6FmXCn-61Kkjfkw6j_BiGn0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2003 || Organization || The {{w|The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria}} is created, replacing previous funding mechanisms for Bangladesh's tuberculosis program.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riaz |first1=Ali |last2=Sajjadur Rahman |first2=Mohammad |title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=4y5-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT562&lpg=PT562&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=Ey2ZVIJPeU&sig=_aNPJfMpx0qu23bt6RBHkrsgBJ8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwA3oECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 || Organization (medical school)|| [[w:Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital|Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College]] is established.<ref name="Medical College"/> || {{w|Sher-e-Bangla Nagar}}
 +
|-
 +
| 2007 || Financial || The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 8%.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2010 || Recognition || Bangladesh receives a United Nations award for cutting the child mortality rate by two thirds well before the time frame set by the {{w|Millennium Development Goals}}.<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh">{{cite book |last1=Riaz |first1=Ali |last2=Rahman |first2=Mohammad Sajjadur |title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nC9-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA358&lpg=PA358&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=jN29FTYXic&sig=bTHtk0AXFhgejzgXlgEa_9vARjk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwA3oECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2011 || Policy || The National Health Policy is revised, introducing some new provisions but keeping the major policy objectives and strategies almost the same as in the NHP2000. Two major additions to the NHP2011 are: (1) emphasis on universal health coverage through health insurance and health cards, and (2) application of Information and communications technologies (ICT) in health service provision.<ref name="Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-2012 || Human capital || Estimates show that Bangladesh has a total of 219,000 community health workers in the period, of which 56,000 come from the public sector.<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || Policy || The Bangladeshi Government takes an initial step toward universal health coverage by developing health-financing strategies to raise funds through taxation and donor contributions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=Shafiur |last2=Rahman |first2=Mizanur |last3=Gilmour |first3=Stuart |last4=Thet Swe |first4=Khin |last5=Krull Abe |first5=Sarah |last6=Shibuya |first6=Kenji |title=Trends in, and projections of, indicators of universal health coverage in Bangladesh, 1995–2030: a Bayesian analysis of population-based household data |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30413-8 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30413-8/fulltext}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || Campaign || On National Immunization Day, some 600,000 voluntary health workers are assembled at over 140,000 sites across Bangladesh with the aim to provide polio vaccines and vitamin A capsules to 24 million children.<ref name="Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || || The 2012 Health Care Financing Strategy by the Government of Bangladesh outlines the roadmap to achieve universal health coverage by 2032. The goal of the strategy is to create one common pool of a universal Social Health Protection Scheme (SHPS).<ref>{{cite book |last1=El-Saharty |first1=Sameh |last2=Powers Sparkes |first2=Susan |last3=Barroy |first3=Helene |last4=Ahsan |first4=Karar Zunaid |last5=Masud Ahmed |first5=Syed |title=The Path to Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Bridging the Gap of Human Resources for Health |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WUrCCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=vjm-k0dPaq&sig=5Bz5VlOF_7te_AuClh6PwMBPlY8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwBnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || Organization (hospital) || The [[w:National Institute of Neuroscience|National Institute of Neuroscience & Hospital]] is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh |url=http://www.nins.com.bd/nins/ |website=nins.com.bd |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Dhaka}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 +
=== Mentions on Google Scholar ===
 +
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 31, 2021.
 +
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! healthcare in Bangladesh
 +
! private healthcare in Bangladesh
 +
! universal healthcare in Bangladesh
 +
! medicine in Bangladesh
 +
|-
 +
| 1980 || 12 || 9 || 5 || 620
 +
|-
 +
| 1985 || 19 || 8 || 4 || 749
 +
|-
 +
| 1990 || 42 || 18 || 16 || 1,500
 +
|-
 +
| 1995 || 135 || 72 || 43 || 1,710
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || 651 || 355 || 194 || 3,550
 +
|-
 +
| 2002 || 883 || 553 || 294 || 4,070
 +
|-
 +
| 2004 || 1,490 || 930 || 522 || 5,640
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 || 2,140 || 1,380 || 811 || 7,230
 +
|-
 +
| 2008 || 3,290 || 2,040 || 1,090 || 9,560
 +
|-
 +
| 2010 || 4,630 || 2,820 || 1,670 || 13,000
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || 6,820 || 3,950 || 2,330 || 18,300 
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 || 9,650 || 5,330 || 3,070 || 26,400
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 || 11,900 || 6,440 || 3,740 || 30,100
 +
|-
 +
| 2017 || 13,100 || 7,110 || 4,090 || 32,100
 +
|-
 +
| 2018 || 15,000 || 7,910 || 4,730 || 33,000
 +
|-
 +
| 2019 || 17,200 || 8,660 || 5,180 || 33,300
 +
|-
 +
| 2020 || 23,000 || 11,200 || 5,990 || 33,400 
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[File:xxx|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Healthcare in Bangladesh (Search term) from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Healthcare in Bangladesh |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=Healthcare%20in%20Bangladesh |website=Google Trends |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Healthcare in Bangladesh gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Healthcare in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Healthcare in Bangladesh |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Healthcare+in+Bangladesh&year_start=1990&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true&direct_url=t1%3B%2Chealthcare%20in%20Bangladesh%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Chealthcare%20in%20Bangladesh%3B%2Cc0 |website=books.google.com |access-date=24 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Healthcare in Bangladesh ngram.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Healthcare in Bangladesh}} on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider,mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Healthcare in Bangladesh |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonth s.php?page=Healthcare+in+Bangladesh&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Healthcare in Bangladesh wv.jpg|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
  
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
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===How the timeline was built===
 
===How the timeline was built===
  
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The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:FIXME|FIXME]].
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The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian]].
  
 
{{funding info}} is available.
 
{{funding info}} is available.
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===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
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* https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(17)30470-9/fulltext
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vDKTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT112&lpg=PT112&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=Uanu3DB7R8&sig=zuuYtzyUnXtzfKXRmCXpCYU2Amo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nC9-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA358&lpg=PA358&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=jN29FTYXic&sig=bTHtk0AXFhgejzgXlgEa_9vARjk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwA3oECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/countries/bgd/en/
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bm-bBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=ybkKURPDkH&sig=vRR3LgFaalzM-n_TaVI5xFYeccY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBXoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=rUb7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=CpvYvXXrNg&sig=1sw6FmXCn-61Kkjfkw6j_BiGn0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwBnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=L7ExdaEPEHAC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=uFrrRT_LvL&sig=Nflqkdc40p7U4-2pi-qKmhY-VMg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwAXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2SXuXnlz3PgC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1970..1990%22&source=bl&ots=KHJnaHDequ&sig=yK8j1JXhCUy1sLPsGrWvxyrQEOQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5z_j7_tTcAhXCfZAKHZzqDJAQ6AEwAnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201970..1990%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ncI3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=jb7_hGn-Fj&sig=3h9nSFWuPPS_glzflFvtjFWYCsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwAXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GeFVAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=5s13y3bJSV&sig=0pzaXwU-npr7t6fxGHsxlAj491E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwAnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=4y5-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT562&lpg=PT562&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=Ey2ZVIJPeU&sig=_aNPJfMpx0qu23bt6RBHkrsgBJ8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwA3oECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WUrCCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=vjm-k0dPaq&sig=5Bz5VlOF_7te_AuClh6PwMBPlY8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwBnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Nf8_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22health+care%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=C0wp7w4znA&sig=SrckTWOZb2YUVwexRQXqdFV6TzM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPzJPqgNXcAhVJhZAKHaurDEgQ6AEwB3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22health%20care%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=4J1ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&lpg=PT48&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22healthcare%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=q068yKcC5u&sig=wniu6t6BeTFgS568GB6QT-DT_ho&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3JL7gdXcAhUJUJAKHcT5A30Q6AEwBHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22healthcare%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&pg=PA588&lpg=PA588&dq=%22bangladesh%22+%22healthcare%22+%22in+1990..2017%22&source=bl&ots=WWRzmo6bCr&sig=pGG6BBIkVJZJjfmHz02Ouq8gccQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ3JL7gdXcAhUJUJAKHcT5A30Q6AEwB3oECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22bangladesh%22%20%22healthcare%22%20%22in%201990..2017%22&f=false
 
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* https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2993
 
  
 
===Timeline update strategy===
 
===Timeline update strategy===

Latest revision as of 20:28, 12 March 2024

This is a timeline of healthcare in Bangladesh.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
1970s Bangladesh gains independence, and starts implementing its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).[1] Access to modern medical facilities in rural areas remain very low.
1980s In the 1980s, Bangladesh has a basic healthcare infraestructure. However, most people in rural areas face critical health problems. The incidence of communicable disease is extensive, and there is widespread malnutrition, inadequate sewage disposal, and inadequate supplies of safe drinking water.[2]
1990s Bangladesh introduces its first National Health Policy, which proposes some drastic reforms of the health sector, to align with the suggestions of donors.[3] EHealth and mHealth activities are introduced in Bangladesh in the late 1990s.[4]
2000s The second National Health Policy is framed, suggesting several major institutional reforms, including the emphasis on client-centered reproductive health, cost-effective health service provision in a package called the Essential Service Package (ESP).


Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
1924 Organization (medical school) Mymensingh Medical College is established.[5] Mymensingh
1940 Policy The Drugs Act, 1940 is introduced, regulating the import, export, manufacture, distribution and sale of pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh.[6]
1946 Organization (medical school, hospital) Dhaka Medical College and Hospital is established.[7] Dhaka
1957 Organization (hospital) A mental hospital is established at Pabna. Prior to this, there were no psychiatric services in Bangladesh.[8] Pabna
1957 Organization (medical school) Chittagong Medical College is established.[9] Chittagong
1958 Organization (medical school) Rajshahi Medical College is established.[7]
1962 Organization (medical school) Sir Salimullah Medical College is established.[7] Dhaka
1962 Organization (medical school) Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College is established.[7] {Sylhet
1969 Organization (hospital) The first outdoor clinic starts functioning in Dhaka Medical College.[8]
1969 Organization (medical school) Sher-e-Bangla Medical College is established.[7] Barisal
1970 Organization (nursing school) The Bangladesh College of Nursing is established. It is the only nursing college in the country.[10] Dhaka
1970 Organization (medical school) Rangpur Medical College is established.[11] Rangpur
1971 Background Bangladesh gains independence.[12]
1975 - 1980 Program Bangladesh starts to implement its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI).[1]
c.1979 Statistics An estimated 70% of the rural population do not have access to modern medical facilities.[2]
1980 Organization (hospital) The Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) is founded.[13] Dhaka
1982 Policy A Drug Policy is formulated under the leadership of Dr Zafrullah Chowdhury.[3] The policy allows local pharmaceutical companies to acquire essential materials for producing drugs at home. Thanks to this, Bangladesh would become the first low-income country to develop a domestic pharmaceutical industry.[1][6]
1985 Infrastructure There are 341 functional subdistrict health centers, 1,275 rural dispensaries (to be converted to union-level health and family welfare centers), and 1,054 union-level health and family welfare centers. The total number of hospital beds at the subdistrict level and below is 8,100. Of the total country's 21,637 hospital beds in the mid-1980s, about 85% belong to the government health services, and there is only about one hospital bed for every 3,600 people.[2]
1986 (April) Organization A National Committe on AIDS is formed in the country, two years before an incidence of acquired immune deficiency is reported.[2]
1986 Organization (medical school) The Bangladesh Medical College is established.[14] Dhaka
1986 Human capital Bangladesh has about 16,000 physicians, 6,900 nurses, 5,200 midwives, and 1580 "lady health visitors", all registered by the government.[2]
1987 Program A national program to train and supervise traditional birth attendants (dhais) is started for maternal healthcare.[2]
1988 Organization The Bangladeshi government upgrades its nutrition policy-making capacity by creating the National Nutrition Council.[2]
1990 Policy The first National Health Policy is announced by the government of Hussain Muhammad Ershad. The policy proposes some drastic reforms of the health sector, to align with the suggestions of donors.[3]
1991 Bangladesh has its first free election and General Ershad is forced to quit. The caretaker government of Shahabuddin Ahmed rescinds the National Health Policy, mostly under the pressure of health professionals. The new democratically elected regime led by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, attempts to formulate a new policy.[3]
1992 The Institute of Public Health produces tetanus vaccines.[6]
1992 Organization (medical school) Comilla Medical College is established.[7] Comilla
1996 The World Bank and other members of the donor consortium informs the government of Bangladesh that they would not proceed with further credits until a comprehensive, sector-wide strategy is adopted by the country. Including among their demands are substantive structural and organizational reforms of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.[3]
1997 Program A Health and Population Sector Strategy (HPSS) is formulated under intense pressure from external donors.[3]
1997 - 2000 In response to the poor public health system, prolific growth is observed in the private healthcare sector, with the number of private hospitals increasing from 288 to 613 in the period.[15]
1998 Organization (medical school) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University is established as the first postgraduate medical institution of the country.[16] Dhaka
1990s The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 25.8% in the decade.[3]
2000 Policy The second National Health Policy is framed by the Bangladesh Awami League. It is closely influenced by the Health and Population Sector Strategy (HPSS), formulated earlier in 1997. The NHP2000 suggests several major institutional reforms, including the emphasis on client-centered reproductive health, cost-effective health service provision in a package called the Essential Service Package (ESP). The policy offers institutional facilities to the public sector doctors intending to do private practice, instead of banning it as in the 1990NHP.[3]
2001 The World Health Organization approves oral cholera vaccine tested at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR-B).[6]
2003 Budget The annual budget allocation for health is only 5.8% of the total government expenditure (compared with 18.5% in the United States and 15.8% in the United Kingdom).[15]
2003 Organization The The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is created, replacing previous funding mechanisms for Bangladesh's tuberculosis program.[17]
2006 Organization (medical school) Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College is established.[7] Sher-e-Bangla Nagar
2007 Financial The share of donor support to the total health sector is estimated at 8%.[3]
2010 Recognition Bangladesh receives a United Nations award for cutting the child mortality rate by two thirds well before the time frame set by the Millennium Development Goals.[1]
2011 Policy The National Health Policy is revised, introducing some new provisions but keeping the major policy objectives and strategies almost the same as in the NHP2000. Two major additions to the NHP2011 are: (1) emphasis on universal health coverage through health insurance and health cards, and (2) application of Information and communications technologies (ICT) in health service provision.[3]
2011-2012 Human capital Estimates show that Bangladesh has a total of 219,000 community health workers in the period, of which 56,000 come from the public sector.[1]
2012 Policy The Bangladeshi Government takes an initial step toward universal health coverage by developing health-financing strategies to raise funds through taxation and donor contributions.[18]
2012 Campaign On National Immunization Day, some 600,000 voluntary health workers are assembled at over 140,000 sites across Bangladesh with the aim to provide polio vaccines and vitamin A capsules to 24 million children.[1]
2012 The 2012 Health Care Financing Strategy by the Government of Bangladesh outlines the roadmap to achieve universal health coverage by 2032. The goal of the strategy is to create one common pool of a universal Social Health Protection Scheme (SHPS).[19]
2012 Organization (hospital) The National Institute of Neuroscience & Hospital is established.[20] Dhaka

Numerical and visual data

Mentions on Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 31, 2021.

Year healthcare in Bangladesh private healthcare in Bangladesh universal healthcare in Bangladesh medicine in Bangladesh
1980 12 9 5 620
1985 19 8 4 749
1990 42 18 16 1,500
1995 135 72 43 1,710
2000 651 355 194 3,550
2002 883 553 294 4,070
2004 1,490 930 522 5,640
2006 2,140 1,380 811 7,230
2008 3,290 2,040 1,090 9,560
2010 4,630 2,820 1,670 13,000
2012 6,820 3,950 2,330 18,300
2014 9,650 5,330 3,070 26,400
2016 11,900 6,440 3,740 30,100
2017 13,100 7,110 4,090 32,100
2018 15,000 7,910 4,730 33,000
2019 17,200 8,660 5,180 33,300
2020 23,000 11,200 5,990 33,400
File:Xxx
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Google Trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for Healthcare in Bangladesh (Search term) from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[21]

Healthcare in Bangladesh gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Healthcare in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2019.[22]

Healthcare in Bangladesh ngram.png


Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Healthcare in Bangladesh on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider,mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to January 2021.[23]

Healthcare in Bangladesh wv.jpg


Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

  • FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Riaz, Ali; Rahman, Mohammad Sajjadur. Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Bangladesh Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. IBP USA. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Ahmed, Nizam. Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience. 
  4. ↑ "Making healthcare accessible in Bangladesh". idrc.ca. Retrieved 29 September 2018. 
  5. ↑ "Mymensingh Medical College:". mmc.gov.bd. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Azam, Monirul. Intellectual Property and Public Health in the Developing World. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 "Medical College". retinabd.com. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mental Health Atlas 2005. By World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Mental Health: Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Mental Health Evidence and Research Team. 
  9. ↑ "CHITTAGONG MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL". electives.net. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  10. ↑ "Bangladesh College of Nursing". banglapedia.org. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  11. ↑ "RANGPUR MEDICAL COLLEGE, RANGPUR". education.bangladeshinformation.info. Retrieved 31 August 2018. 
  12. ↑ "Universal health care in Bangladesh—promises and perils". thelancet.com. Retrieved 6 August 2018. 
  13. ↑ "National Professor Dr Muhammad Ibrahim: A pioneer in diabetic care in Bangladesh". theindependentbd.com. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  14. ↑ "Bangladesh Medical College". bmc-bd.org. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Islam, M. Saiful. Culture, Health and Development in South Asia: Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh. 
  16. ↑ "Welcome to BSMMU". bsmmu.edu.bd. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  17. ↑ Riaz, Ali; Sajjadur Rahman, Mohammad. Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh. 
  18. ↑ Rahman, Shafiur; Rahman, Mizanur; Gilmour, Stuart; Thet Swe, Khin; Krull Abe, Sarah; Shibuya, Kenji. "Trends in, and projections of, indicators of universal health coverage in Bangladesh, 1995–2030: a Bayesian analysis of population-based household data". doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30413-8. 
  19. ↑ El-Saharty, Sameh; Powers Sparkes, Susan; Barroy, Helene; Ahsan, Karar Zunaid; Masud Ahmed, Syed. The Path to Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Bridging the Gap of Human Resources for Health. 
  20. ↑ "National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh". nins.com.bd. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  21. ↑ "Healthcare in Bangladesh". Google Trends. Retrieved 24 February 2021. 
  22. ↑ "Healthcare in Bangladesh". books.google.com. Retrieved 24 February 2021. 
  23. ↑ s.php?page=Healthcare+in+Bangladesh&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all "Healthcare in Bangladesh" Check |url= value (help). wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 24 February 2021. 
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