Difference between revisions of "Talk:Timeline of robotics"

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| 1936 || || || Alan Turing publishes his groundbreaking paper "On Computable Numbers," introducing the concept of the Turing machine, which lays the foundation for modern computing.<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> ||
 
| 1936 || || || Alan Turing publishes his groundbreaking paper "On Computable Numbers," introducing the concept of the Turing machine, which lays the foundation for modern computing.<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> ||
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| 1944 || || || {{w|Wolf Robotics}} || {{w|United States}}
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| 1946 || || || {{w|Hokuyo Automatic Co., Ltd.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=HOKUYO |url=https://www.hokuyo-aut.jp/company/ |website=hokuyo-aut.jp |accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hokuyo Automatic Co Ltd |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/5605213Z:JP |website=bloomberg.com |accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
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| 1956 || || || "Squee, the electronic robot squirrel. The two phototubes or "eyes" are at the top of the steering post; the scoop which opens and closes, or "hands", is at the front."<ref name="thocp.net"/>
 
| 1956 || || || "Squee, the electronic robot squirrel. The two phototubes or "eyes" are at the top of the steering post; the scoop which opens and closes, or "hands", is at the front."<ref name="thocp.net"/>
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| 1968 || || || Stanley Kubrick adapted Arthur C. Clarke's novel "2001: A Space Odyssey" into a film. The movie depicted HAL, an onboard computer system that develops consciousness and autonomy, exploring themes of artificial intelligence and human-machine interaction. HAL's portrayal in the film raised questions about the ethics and implications of AI technology, influencing popular perceptions of AI and shaping discussions about its potential risks and benefits.<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> ||
 
| 1968 || || || Stanley Kubrick adapted Arthur C. Clarke's novel "2001: A Space Odyssey" into a film. The movie depicted HAL, an onboard computer system that develops consciousness and autonomy, exploring themes of artificial intelligence and human-machine interaction. HAL's portrayal in the film raised questions about the ethics and implications of AI technology, influencing popular perceptions of AI and shaping discussions about its potential risks and benefits.<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> ||
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| 1976 || || Organization (for-profit) || {{w|Hyundai Wia}} is founded. Member of the {{w|Hyundai Motor Group}}, it centers on robotics and autonomous driving technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyundai WIA |url=https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/group/CONT0000000000000676 |website=Hyundai Motor Group |access-date=9 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|South Korea}}
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| 1976 || || || Japanese robotics design company {{w|Intelligent Actuator}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=IAI America |url=https://www.intelligentactuator.com/iai-america/ |website=intelligentactuator.com |accessdate=6 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
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| 1978 || || || "Brooks Automation founded"<ref name="thocp.net"/> ||
 
| 1978 || || || "Brooks Automation founded"<ref name="thocp.net"/> ||
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| 1995 || || || {{w|ActivMedia Robotics}} is founded. Later known as MobileRobots Inc, then sold to Adept and renamed "Adept Mobilerobots" it designs and manufactures {{w|autonomous robot}}s, commercial {{w|service robot}}s, {{w|robot software}} and navigation systems for robot developers and manufacturers.<ref name="Enterprise2005">"Robots Move into Corporate Roles". {{cite book|author=IDG Enterprise|title=Computerworld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFYGBZRKF1oC&pg=PA26|date=10 October 2005|publisher=IDG Enterprise|pages=26–|issn=0010-4841}}</ref> The company is now owned by Omron Automation. <ref>http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.omron_adept_mobile_robots.488d25ef6532b752.html?aka_re=1</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Computerworld 10 Oct 2005 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=NFYGBZRKF1oC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=1995+ActivMedia+Robotics&source=bl&ots=jMilvxx_oM&sig=ACfU3U0DjsaCwO1by0lHxvDikJRChqfYCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1_NO0soHoAhX6D7kGHWh-AQMQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=1995%20ActivMedia%20Robotics&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1995 || || || {{w|ActivMedia Robotics}} is founded. Later known as MobileRobots Inc, then sold to Adept and renamed "Adept Mobilerobots" it designs and manufactures {{w|autonomous robot}}s, commercial {{w|service robot}}s, {{w|robot software}} and navigation systems for robot developers and manufacturers.<ref name="Enterprise2005">"Robots Move into Corporate Roles". {{cite book|author=IDG Enterprise|title=Computerworld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFYGBZRKF1oC&pg=PA26|date=10 October 2005|publisher=IDG Enterprise|pages=26–|issn=0010-4841}}</ref> The company is now owned by Omron Automation. <ref>http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.omron_adept_mobile_robots.488d25ef6532b752.html?aka_re=1</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Computerworld 10 Oct 2005 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=NFYGBZRKF1oC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=1995+ActivMedia+Robotics&source=bl&ots=jMilvxx_oM&sig=ACfU3U0DjsaCwO1by0lHxvDikJRChqfYCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1_NO0soHoAhX6D7kGHWh-AQMQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=1995%20ActivMedia%20Robotics&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1995 || || Competition || {{w|International Aerial Robotics Competition}} ||
 
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| 1995 || || || {{w|Automatika}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Certain Electric Robots and Components Thereof, Inv. 337-TA-530 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5lcYPy7nl10C&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22in+1995%22+%22Automatika%22&source=bl&ots=EVPCvpUFxx&sig=ACfU3U3nqlB3bTdnMxJrDPD0MgEk-YP5gA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH1vbW8oToAhXiGbkGHSz_DUsQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201995%22%20%22Automatika%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=BoogarLists | Directory of Electronics Technologies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=x5ZFJ77hLeAC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22in+1995%22+%22Automatika%22&source=bl&ots=0DzE5rbhab&sig=ACfU3U1tjO0iQ9gBlamX9PvNQLJBt2HONw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH1vbW8oToAhXiGbkGHSz_DUsQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201995%22%20%22Automatika%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1995 || || || {{w|Automatika}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Certain Electric Robots and Components Thereof, Inv. 337-TA-530 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5lcYPy7nl10C&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=%22in+1995%22+%22Automatika%22&source=bl&ots=EVPCvpUFxx&sig=ACfU3U3nqlB3bTdnMxJrDPD0MgEk-YP5gA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH1vbW8oToAhXiGbkGHSz_DUsQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201995%22%20%22Automatika%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=BoogarLists | Directory of Electronics Technologies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=x5ZFJ77hLeAC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22in+1995%22+%22Automatika%22&source=bl&ots=0DzE5rbhab&sig=ACfU3U1tjO0iQ9gBlamX9PvNQLJBt2HONw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiH1vbW8oToAhXiGbkGHSz_DUsQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201995%22%20%22Automatika%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 2000 || April 30 || || {{w|Siasun Robotics}} is founded. It is one of the largest {{w|robotics}} manufacturers in {{w|China}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Lawrence R. |year=2017 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=307 |isbn=9781538108543}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Siasun Robot & Automation Co. Ltd. |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/300024?countrycode=cn |website=marketwatch.com |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
| 2000 || April 30 || || {{w|Siasun Robotics}} is founded. It is one of the largest {{w|robotics}} manufacturers in {{w|China}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Lawrence R. |year=2017 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=307 |isbn=9781538108543}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Siasun Robot & Automation Co. Ltd. |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/300024?countrycode=cn |website=marketwatch.com |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
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| 2000 || || Competition || {{w|BattleBots}}<ref>{{cite web |title=‘BattleBots’ Back on Discovery May 15 |url=https://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/battlebots-back-on-discovery-may-15 |website=broadcastingcable.com |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 2000 || || || {{w|White Box Robotics}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Making robots designed to fit digital life at the point of human contact: White Box Robotics |url=https://thesiliconreview.com/magazine/profile/making-robots-designed-to-fit-digital-life-at-the-point-of-human-contact-white-box-robotics |website=thesiliconreview.com |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
| 2000 || || || {{w|White Box Robotics}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Making robots designed to fit digital life at the point of human contact: White Box Robotics |url=https://thesiliconreview.com/magazine/profile/making-robots-designed-to-fit-digital-life-at-the-point-of-human-contact-white-box-robotics |website=thesiliconreview.com |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}

Latest revision as of 21:18, 17 June 2024

Time period Development summary More details
1936 Alan Turing publishes his groundbreaking paper "On Computable Numbers," introducing the concept of the Turing machine, which lays the foundation for modern computing.[1]
1944 Wolf Robotics United States
1946 Hokuyo Automatic Co., Ltd.[2][3] Japan
1956 "Squee, the electronic robot squirrel. The two phototubes or "eyes" are at the top of the steering post; the scoop which opens and closes, or "hands", is at the front."[4]
1959 John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky co-founded the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This marks a significant milestone in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research.[4]
1963 John McCarthy departs from MIT to establish the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at Stanford University.[4]
1967 In 1967, Richard Greenblatt authored MacHack, a program designed to play chess. This program represented a significant milestone in artificial intelligence and computer gaming, showcasing early attempts to develop software capable of strategic decision-making and gameplay in complex scenarios like chess.[4]
1968 Stanley Kubrick adapted Arthur C. Clarke's novel "2001: A Space Odyssey" into a film. The movie depicted HAL, an onboard computer system that develops consciousness and autonomy, exploring themes of artificial intelligence and human-machine interaction. HAL's portrayal in the film raised questions about the ethics and implications of AI technology, influencing popular perceptions of AI and shaping discussions about its potential risks and benefits.[1]
1976 Organization (for-profit) Hyundai Wia is founded. Member of the Hyundai Motor Group, it centers on robotics and autonomous driving technology.[5] South Korea
1976 Japanese robotics design company Intelligent Actuator is founded.[6] Japan
1978 "Brooks Automation founded"[4]
1980 January Automatix[7][8] United States
1982 "Fanuc of Japan and General Motors form a joint venture: GM Fanuc. The new company is going to market robots in North America."[4]
1982 WinSystems is founded.[9] It designs and manufactures single board computer systems, including industrial robots.[10] United States
1982 CRS Robotics is founded.[4] It would become notable in the field of automated lab systems due to their developments in high throughput and ultra high throughput automated systems.[11] Canada
1982 Intelitek is founded. It specializes in robotic training systems for industrial robotics.[12][13] United States
1983 Honeybee Robotics is founded. It develops advanced robotic solutions.[14][15] United States
1983 Omron Adept is founded.[16][17] Based in Pleasanton, California, it focuses on industrial automation and robotics, including software and vision guidance. United States
1983 Salt Lake City-based robotics startup Sarcos is founded. It makes robotic systems.[18][19] United States
1983 Adept is founded.[4] It provides industrial robots for automation applications.[20] United States
1984 Epson Robots is established. It is the robotics design and manufacturing department of Japanese corporation Seiko Epson.[21] Japan
1984 "Joseph Engelberger starts Transition Robotics, later renamed Helpmates, to develop service robots."[4]
1985 ST Robotics is founded.[22] It designs and manufactures Cartesian robots and low-cost bench-top industrial robot arms.[23] United States
1986 "LEGO and the MIT Media Lab collaborate to bring the first LEGO based educational products to market."[4]
1986 "With Unimation license terminated, Kawasaki develops and produces its own line of electric robots."[4]
1989 "Computer Motion founded."[4]
1989 "Barrett Technology founded"[4]
1992 "Demaurex, Switzerland, sold its first Delta robot packaging application to Roland"[24]
1992 DOK-ING[25] Croatia
1992 Boston Dynamics[26] United States
1993 "Sensable Technologies founded."[4]
1994 January 1 Robotics is founded. It is a robotics company offering service for industrial robot automation and its focus on simulation.[27] Germany
1994 Welltec[28][29] Denmark
1994 Marc Thorpe starts Robot Wars at Fort Mason center in San Francsico, CA.[4]
1995 Robomow is founded in Israel. It manufactures robotic lawn mowers.[30] Israel
1995 ActivMedia Robotics is founded. Later known as MobileRobots Inc, then sold to Adept and renamed "Adept Mobilerobots" it designs and manufactures autonomous robots, commercial service robots, robot software and navigation systems for robot developers and manufacturers.[31] The company is now owned by Omron Automation. [32][33] United States
1995 Competition International Aerial Robotics Competition
1995 Automatika[34][35] United States
1995 Intuitive Surgical[36] United States
1995 Lynxmotion is founded as a manufacturer of robot kits.[37][38] United States
1996 Halfmann Teleskoptechnik Germany
1997 Dinamation is founded. It focuses its activity in the field of automation of industrial handling and assembly processes.[39] Spain
1997 Bluefin Robotics.[40] United States
1997 Robotics Design Inc[41] Canada
1998–2004 Alice mobile robot Switzerland
1998 Competition Botball
1998 Vecna Technologies is founded. It delivers automated material handling, hybrid fulfillment, and workflow optimization solutions featuring self-driving vehicles.[42]
1988 Barrett Technology is founded.[43] It manufactures robotic arms. United States
1998 Ecovacs Robotics[44][45] China
1998 robot-head.[46]
1999 Fastbrick Robotics[47] Australia
2000 April 30 Siasun Robotics is founded. It is one of the largest robotics manufacturers in China.[48][49] China
2000 Competition BattleBots[50] United States
2000 White Box Robotics[51] Canada
2001 Universal Robotics[52] United States
2001 Energid Technologies[53] United States
2001 MetraLabs GmbH[54] Germany
2001 Perrone Robotics[55] United States
2001 The CyberKnife receives clearance from the FDA to treat tumors located anywhere in the body. This milestone marks a significant advancement in cancer treatment technology, allowing for precise and non-invasive radiation therapy for tumors in various anatomical locations. The FDA clearance affirms the safety and efficacy of the CyberKnife system, providing patients and healthcare providers with a valuable tool in the fight against cancer.[4]
2001 Anybots[56][57] United States
2002 Competition ABU Robocon[58]
2002 Competition Robo One[59][60] Japan
2002 Robotnik Automation[61][62] Spain
2002 TOSY Robotics is founded.[63] Vietnam
2002 Active Robots[64][65] United Kingdom
2003 January 1 "Robotics Business Review features up-to-the-minute business and technology developments in global robotics.

Framingham, Massachusetts, United States"[66] || United States

2003 "RobotShop Distribution Inc. was founded to provide today’s society with domestic and professional robot technology that can help increase the pleasure, knowledge liberty and security of individuals."[67][68]
2003 Competition Defcon Robot Contest[69]
2003 Pioria Robotics is founded. It focuses on integrating sensors and processors to form intelligent embedded solutions for various applications.[70] United States
2003 Amazon Robotics is founded.[71][72] United States
2003 September 29 Nabtesco is founded. It produces industrial robot parts.[73] Japan
2004 June 24 Japanese robotics company Cyberdyne Inc. is founded.[74][75] Japan
2005 TOPIO begins development by TOSY. Vietnam
2005 Bossa Nova Robotics[76] United States
2005 " Self-driving cars become more and more possible, though they are not yet safe for road testing."[77]
2005 Universal Robots is founded in Denmark. It manufactures small flexible industrial collaborative robot arms.[78] Denmark
2005 Ekso Bionics[79][80] United States
2005 Neato Robotics[81][82] United States
2005 OLogic[83] United States
2006 January JTEKT is founded. Based in Osaka, it produces machine tools.[84][85] Japan
2006 ISEE (company)[86]
2006 ReconRobotics, Inc. is founded.[87] Headquartered in Edina, Minnesota, it designs, engineers, and manufactures tactical micro-robot systems for law enforcement and military personnel that increase situational awareness in order to save lives. Users of the company's robots include multiple branches of the United States Armed Forces, international friendly forces, and more than 550 federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies.[88] United States
2006 Robot Galaxy is founded. It is a mallbased retail and entertainment company that allows children to build their own personalized robots.[89] United States
2006 Late year Willow Garage is founded to accelerate the development of non-military robotics and advance open source robotics software.[90] United States
2007 VGo Communications[91][92] United States
2007 Competition VEX Robotics Competition[93]
2008 Robai Corporation is founded. Based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it develops lightweight robotic systems.[94] United States
2008 Rethink Robotics is founded by Rodney Brooks and Ann Whittaker as a robotics company.[95][96][97] United States
2009 3D Robotics is founded. It operates drone technology.[98] United States
2009 Dexter Industries is founded. It is an educational robotics company that develops robot kits aimed at making programming accessible for users.[99][100] United States
2009 Harvest Automation[101][102] United States
2009 June? Organization Clearpath Robotics is founded.[103] Canada
2010 Turing Robot[104] China
2010 Sphero[105][106] United States
2010 September 10 ispace (Japanese company)[107][108] Japan
2011 Double Robotics[109][110] United States
2011 September Formlabs[111] United States
2012 Sastra Robotics[112] India
2012 Wonder Workshop[113][114] United States
2012 Redwood Robotics[115] United States
2013 Hanson Robotics[116][117] United States
2013 September 1 Lily Robotics is founded. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area it produces flying cameras.[118][119] United States
2013 Dash Robotics, Inc is founded. It develops app-controlled robots.[120][121] United States
2014 July Starship Technologies is founded by Skype co-founders, Ahti Heinla and Janus Friis. It develops small self-driving robotic delivery vehicles.[122] United States
2014 (May 13) Neuron Robotics is founded. Based in Worcester, Massachusetts, it develops a robot application that combines scripting and device management with powerful control and processing features.[123] United States
2014 Autonomous driving software company Oxbotica is founded in Oxford, England.[124][125] United Kingdom
2015 Dobot is founded. Based in Shenzhen, it specializes in development and upgrading of lightweight desktop robotic arm solutions.[126] China
2015 CloudMinds is founded as a First Cloud Robots services company. Based in Santa Clara, California, it develops an ecosystem to support cloud connected smart machines.[127][128] China
2015 Genrobotics is founded. Based in Kerala, it specializes in powered exoskeletons and human-controlled robotic systems.[129][130] India
2015 Moley Robotics is founded. It designs robotic kitchens.[131] United Kingdom
2015 September Donecle is founded. Located in Labege, France. It develops 100% automated UAVs with advanced image analysis algorithms to inspect aircraft.[132][133] France
2016 Starsky Robotics[134][135] United States
2018 April 13 Swift Xi Japan
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named The_History_of_Roboticss
  2. ↑ "HOKUYO". hokuyo-aut.jp. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  3. ↑ "Hokuyo Automatic Co Ltd". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 "Timeline of Robotics 2 of 2". thocp.net. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  5. ↑ "Hyundai WIA". Hyundai Motor Group. Retrieved 9 March 2022. 
  6. ↑ "IAI America". intelligentactuator.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  7. ↑ SEC Docket. United States. Securities and Exchange Commission. 
  8. ↑ "AUTOMATIX". indeed.es. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
  9. ↑ "Low-Cost SBCs are Ideal for Industrial and Medical Applications". spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  10. ↑ "WinSystems" (PDF). sage.com. Retrieved 12 March 2022. 
  11. ↑ "A3 Robotics". Automate. Retrieved 12 March 2022. 
  12. ↑ "ROBOTICS TRAINING SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRY 4.0". intelitek.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  13. ↑ "Intelitek Inc". zoominfo.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  14. ↑ "Honeybee Robotics Acquired by Ensign-Bickford Industries". parabolicarc.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  15. ↑ "Honeybee". honeybeerobotics.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  16. ↑ "Introducing Omron Adept Industrial Robot Solutions". lakewoodautomation.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  17. ↑ "Robotic Systems". heroncs.gr. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  18. ↑ "Microsoft invests in $30M round for Raytheon robotics spinout Sarcos". geekwire.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  19. ↑ "Caterpillar, Microsoft, and GE Ventures Invest $10.5M with Sarcos". roboticsbusinessreview.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  20. ↑ "Adept Robotics | ONExia Inc.". onexia.com. Retrieved 9 March 2022. 
  21. ↑ "About Epson Robots". epson.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  22. ↑ "ST Robotics". strobotics.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  23. ↑ "ST Robotics". Cambridge Online. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Robot_Historys
  25. ↑ "DOK-ING". army-guide.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  26. ↑ "From BigDog to SpotMini: Tracing the evolution of Boston Dynamics robo-dogs". digitaltrends.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  27. ↑ "ROBOTICS - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  28. ↑ "Welltec". linkedin.com. Retrieved 27 February 2020. 
  29. ↑ "Welltec". welltec.com. Retrieved 27 February 2020. 
  30. ↑ "Robomow". emowersdirect.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  31. ↑ "Robots Move into Corporate Roles". IDG Enterprise (10 October 2005). Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. pp. 26–. ISSN 0010-4841. 
  32. ↑ http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.omron_adept_mobile_robots.488d25ef6532b752.html?aka_re=1
  33. ↑ Computerworld 10 Oct 2005. 
  34. ↑ Certain Electric Robots and Components Thereof, Inv. 337-TA-530. 
  35. ↑ BoogarLists.  Text " Directory of Electronics Technologies " ignored (help)
  36. ↑ "About Intuitive". intuitive.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  37. ↑ "Lynxmotion". lynxmotion.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  38. ↑ "RobotShop Acquires Lynxmotion, A Leading Manufacturer Of Educational Robot Kits". roboticsbusinessreview.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  39. ↑ "Dinamation". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
  40. ↑ "General Dynamics Buys UUV Maker Bluefin Robotics". roboticsbusinessreview.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  41. ↑ "Robotics Design Inc.". linkedin.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  42. ↑ "Vecna Technologies Inc". zoominfo.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  43. ↑ "Barrett Technology". advanced.barrett.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  44. ↑ "ECOVACS". ecovacs.com. Retrieved 27 February 2020. 
  45. ↑ "Ecovacs Deebot robot vacuums". coolblue.nl. Retrieved 27 February 2020. 
  46. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Alexa_is_Stealing
  47. ↑ "FBR Limited". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  48. ↑ Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 307. ISBN 9781538108543. 
  49. ↑ "Siasun Robot & Automation Co. Ltd.". marketwatch.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  50. ↑ "'BattleBots' Back on Discovery May 15". broadcastingcable.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  51. ↑ "Making robots designed to fit digital life at the point of human contact: White Box Robotics". thesiliconreview.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  52. ↑ "Universal Logic". roboticsbusinessreview.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  53. ↑ "Energid". linkedin.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  54. ↑ "MetraLabs GmbH". linkedin.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  55. ↑ "Perrone Robotics". oracle.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  56. ↑ Andrew, Dave A. Stephen Hawking: A Biography: The Man Who Defied All Limits. 
  57. ↑ "When My Avatar Went to Work". spectrum.ieee.org. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  58. ↑ "Robocon ABU Challenge". diyguru.org. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  59. ↑ "ROBO-ONE". zenmarket.jp. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  60. ↑ "Japan's black belt robots". observers.france24.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  61. ↑ "MOBILE SERVICE ROBOTICS". robotnik.eu. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  62. ↑ "Robotnik". echord.eu/. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  63. ↑ "TOSY Robotics". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  64. ↑ "Active Robots". active-robots.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  65. ↑ "Active Robots". linkedin.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  66. ↑ "Robotics Business Review - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  67. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named robotshop.coms
  68. ↑ "RobotShop inc.". roboticstomorrow.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  69. ↑ "DEFCON 11". defcon.org. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  70. ↑ "Prioria Robotics". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 27 February 2020. 
  71. ↑ "Amazon Robotics (Kiva Systems)". roboticsbusinessreview.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
  72. ↑ "Amazon Robotics". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
  73. ↑ "Nabtesco Corporation". nabtesco.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  74. ↑ "CYBERDYNE". cyberdyne.jp. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  75. ↑ "Cyberdyne". globalrobotexpo.com. Retrieved 7 March 2020. 
  76. ↑ "Bossa Nova Robotics raises $29M for shelf-scanning mobile robots". therobotreport.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  77. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named learn.g2.com
  78. ↑ "Universal Robots". universal-robots.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020. 
  79. ↑ "Ekso Bionics(TM) Announces Launch of Ekso(TM) Labs". ir.eksobionics.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  82. ↑ "Neato Robotics". glassdoor.com.ar. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  83. ↑ "OLogic, Inc.". linkedin.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  86. ↑ "ISEE". isee.biz. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
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  88. ↑ "ReconRobotics® is the world leader in tactical micro-robot and personal sensor systems.". ReconRobotics. Retrieved 12 March 2022. 
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  90. ↑ "Willow Garage History". willowgarage.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  94. ↑ "Robai". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 28 February 2020. 
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  98. ↑ "3D Robotics". crunchbase.com. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 
  99. ↑ "Dexter Industries Joins Modular Robotics". dexterindustries.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  101. ↑ "Harvest Automation stumbles with warehouse robot". therobotreport.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  103. ↑ "Clearpath Robotics raises $40 million CAD Series C for industrial robot division | BetaKit". betakit.com. 1 June 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2022. 
  104. ↑ "Turing Robot". cbinsights.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  107. ↑ "What makes iSpace successful?". newspace2060.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
  108. ↑ "ispace". media.ispace-inc.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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  113. ↑ "Wonder Workshop". makewonder.com. Retrieved 6 March 2020. 
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