Difference between revisions of "Timeline of nonprofit evaluation"

From Timelines
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}  
+
{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=no}}  
  
−
This is a '''timeline of nonprofit evaluation''', in particular [[wikipedia:Charity evaluator|charity evaluation]].
+
This is a '''timeline of nonprofit evaluation''', in particular [[w:Charity evaluator|charity evaluation]].
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
Line 8: Line 8:
 
! Time period !! Key developments
 
! Time period !! Key developments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1869–1930s || Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by [[wikipedia:Social Darwinism|Social Darwinism]] in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.<ref name=Stuhler/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bostonreview.net/forum/logic-effective-altruism/emma-saunders-hastings-response-effective-altruism |author=Emma Saunders-Hastings |date=July 1, 2015 |title=The Logic of Effective Altruism |publisher=Boston Review |accessdate=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
+
| 1869–1930s || Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by [[w:Social Darwinism|Social Darwinism]] in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.<ref name=Stuhler/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bostonreview.net/forum/logic-effective-altruism/emma-saunders-hastings-response-effective-altruism |author=Emma Saunders-Hastings |date=July 1, 2015 |title=The Logic of Effective Altruism |publisher=Boston Review |accessdate=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992–present || Starting with [[wikipedia:CharityWatch|CharityWatch]], this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
+
| 1992–present || Starting with {{w|CharityWatch}}, this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| late 2000s || [[wikipedia:Effective altruism|Effective altruism]] emerges as a movement with its current name, introducing new charity evaluation organizations and methodologies.<ref name="eight-billion-dollars">{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Dylan|title=You have $8 billion. You want to do as much good as possible. What do you do?|url=http://www.vox.com/2015/4/24/8457895/givewell-open-philanthropy-charity|website=Vox|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=24 April 2015}}</ref>
+
| late 2000s || {{w|Effective altruism}} emerges as a movement with its current name, introducing new charity evaluation organizations and methodologies.<ref name="eight-billion-dollars">{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Dylan|title=You have $8 billion. You want to do as much good as possible. What do you do?|url=http://www.vox.com/2015/4/24/8457895/givewell-open-philanthropy-charity|website=Vox|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=24 April 2015}}</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 20: Line 20:
 
! Year !! Evaluation type !! Event !! Geographic location
 
! Year !! Evaluation type !! Event !! Geographic location
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1869 || Self-evaluation || [[wikipedia:Charity Organization Societies|Charity Organization Societies]] (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the [[wikipedia:Scientific Charity Movement|Scientific Charity Movement]]. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.<ref name="Stuhler">{{cite web |url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/programs/mental-health/scientific-charity-movement-charity-organization-societies/ |title=Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies |first=Linda S. |last=Stuhler |accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref>|| [[wikipedia:England|England]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
+
| 1869 || Self-evaluation || {{w|Charity Organization Societies|Charity Organization Societies}} (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the [[w:Scientific Charity Movement|Scientific Charity Movement]]. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.<ref name="Stuhler">{{cite web |url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/programs/mental-health/scientific-charity-movement-charity-organization-societies/ |title=Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies |first=Linda S. |last=Stuhler |accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref>|| [[w:England|England]], [[w:Germany|Germany]], [[w:United States|United States]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1941 || Government regulation || [[wikipedia:Form 990|Form 990]] is first used.<ref name="eotopicg02">{{cite web |url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |title=G. Form 990 |accessdate=January 29, 2016 |date=2002 |authors=Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones |publisher=Internal Revenue Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702072044/http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |archivedate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> Form 990 is an [[wikipedia:IRS tax forms|Internal Revenue Service form]] that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes [[wikipedia:Form 990#Use by charity evaluation organizations|used by charity evaluation organizations]]. || United States
+
| 1941 || Government regulation || {{w|Form 990}} is first used.<ref name="eotopicg02">{{cite web |url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |title=G. Form 990 |accessdate=January 29, 2016 |date=2002 |authors=Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones |publisher=Internal Revenue Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702072044/http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |archivedate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> Form 990 is an [[w:IRS tax forms|Internal Revenue Service form]] that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes [[w:Form 990#Use by charity evaluation organizations|used by charity evaluation organizations]]. || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1956 || Resource || [[wikipedia:Foundation Center|Foundation Center]] is founded.<ref name=fdncenter-about>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/about/ |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center |title=About Foundation Center}}</ref> Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.<ref name=fdncenter-about/><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/nyregion/information-center-aids-people-seeking-grants.html|title = INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS|last = Teltsch|first = Kathleen|date = April 11, 1982|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/29/us/foundation-giving-is-at-23-billion-high.html|title = Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High|last = Abelson|first = Reed|date = March 29, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/us/31charity.html|title = Foundation Giving in ’08 Defied Huge Asset Decline|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = March 30, 2009|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States
+
| 1956 || Resource || {{w|Foundation Center}} is founded.<ref name=fdncenter-about>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/about/ |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center |title=About Foundation Center}}</ref> Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.<ref name=fdncenter-about/><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/nyregion/information-center-aids-people-seeking-grants.html|title = INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS|last = Teltsch|first = Kathleen|date = April 11, 1982|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''{{w|New York Times}}''}}</ref> It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/29/us/foundation-giving-is-at-23-billion-high.html|title = Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High|last = Abelson|first = Reed|date = March 29, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''{{w|New York Times}}''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/us/31charity.html|title = Foundation Giving in ’08 Defied Huge Asset Decline|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = March 30, 2009|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''{{w|New York Times}}''|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1966 || Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees || The [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]] is established.<ref name=hewlett-family-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/about-us/hewlett-family-history|title = William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation|publisher = [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/files/Doing_Good_Today_and_Better_Tomorrow.pdf |title=Doing good today and better tomorrow |publisher=The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program}}</ref> and start the [[wikipedia:Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]], a funder of many charity evaluation organizations. ||
+
| 1966 || Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees || The {{w|Hewlett Foundation}} is established.<ref name=hewlett-family-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/about-us/hewlett-family-history|title = William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation|publisher = [[w:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/files/Doing_Good_Today_and_Better_Tomorrow.pdf |title=Doing good today and better tomorrow |publisher=The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program}}</ref> and start the {{w|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative}}, a funder of many charity evaluation organizations. ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1982 || Resource || The [[wikipedia:National Center for Charitable Statistics|National Center for Charitable Statistics]] (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the [[wikipedia:Urban Institute|Urban Institute]].<ref name=nccs-about>{{cite web|url = http://www.nccs.urban.org/about/index.cfm|title = About NCCS|publisher = [[wikipedia:National Center for Charitable Statistics|National Center for Charitable Statistics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> NCCS is most famous for developing the [[wikipedia:National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities|National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities]] (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1023ez/|title = Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:Internal Revenue Service|Internal Revenue Service]]}}</ref> and by other resources and charity evaluators such as [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]]<ref name=guidestar-ntee>{{cite web|url = https://learn.guidestar.org/help/ntee-codes|title = National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System|publisher = [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> and [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.irs&ein=131818723|title = Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]}} (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)</ref> || United States
+
| 1969 (estimated, no direct source) || Resource || The first edition of the Taft Foundation Reporter, an annual report with profiles of giving analyses of major private foundations in the United States, is published. The Taft Foundation Reporter would continue to be published annually, till at least 2010.<ref>{{cite book|url = https://www.amazon.com/Foundation-Reporter-1997-Comprehensive-Foundations/dp/1569950563|title = Foundation Reporter 1997: Comprehensive Profiles and Giving Analyses of America's Major Private Foundations (Annual) 28th Edition|accessdate = March 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.amazon.com/Foundation-Reporter-Taft/dp/1573873918|title = Foundation Reporter (Taft Foundation Reporter) 42nd Edition|accessdate = March 18, 2017}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1987 || Publication || ''[[wikipedia:The NonProfit Times|The NonProfit Times]]'', a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/giving/moving-beyond-the-four-horsemen-of-the-philanthropy-beat.html?pagewanted=all|title = Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|date = November 20, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/style/consumer-s-world-seeking-charities-that-actually-help.html|title = CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help|date = December 2, 1989|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Meier|first = Barry}}</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:New Jersey|New Jersey]], but covers the whole country)
+
| 1982 || Resource || The {{w|National Center for Charitable Statistics}} (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the {{w|Urban Institute}}.<ref name=nccs-about>{{cite web|url = http://www.nccs.urban.org/about/index.cfm|title = About NCCS|publisher = [[w:National Center for Charitable Statistics|National Center for Charitable Statistics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> NCCS is most famous for developing the {{w|National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities}} (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1023ez/|title = Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[w:Internal Revenue Service|Internal Revenue Service]]}}</ref> and by other resources and charity evaluators such as {{w|GuideStar}}<ref name=guidestar-ntee>{{cite web|url = https://learn.guidestar.org/help/ntee-codes|title = National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System|publisher = [[w:GuideStar|GuideStar]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> and {{w|Charity Navigator}}.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.irs&ein=131818723|title = Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[w:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]}} (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1988 || Publication || ''[[wikipedia:The Chronicle of Philanthropy|The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' is founded.<ref name=chronicle-nyt>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/business/media/10philanthropy.html|title = Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut|last = Doty|first = Cate|date = September 10, 2007|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'' is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.<ref name=chronicle-nyt/> ||
+
| 1987 || Publication || ''{{w|The NonProfit Times}}'', a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/giving/moving-beyond-the-four-horsemen-of-the-philanthropy-beat.html?pagewanted=all|title = Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''|date = November 20, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/style/consumer-s-world-seeking-charities-that-actually-help.html|title = CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help|date = December 2, 1989|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Meier|first = Barry}}</ref> || United States ({{w|New Jersey}}, but covers the whole country)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992 || [[wikipedia:Charity watchdog|Charity watchdog]] || CharityWatch is founded as [[wikipedia:American Institute of Philanthropy|American Institute of Philanthropy]].<ref name=doublethedonation>{{cite web|url = https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/12/american-institute-of-philanthropy-charity-watch/|title = American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch|date = December 21, 2013|publisher = Double the Donation}}</ref> CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs>{{cite web|url = http://www.seattletimes.com/life/lifestyle/watchdogging-the-charity-watchdogs/|title = Watchdogging the charity watchdogs|date = December 29, 2011|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Seattle Times|Seattle Times]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 1988 || Publication || ''{{w|The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}'' is founded.<ref name=chronicle-nyt>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/business/media/10philanthropy.html|title = Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut|last = Doty|first = Cate|date = September 10, 2007|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'' is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.<ref name=chronicle-nyt/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1994 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]], an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs/><ref name=guidestar-history>{{cite web|url = http://learn.guidestar.org/about-us/history|title = GuideStar History|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>|| United States
+
| 1992 || {{w|Charity watchdog}} || CharityWatch is founded as {{w|American Institute of Philanthropy}}.<ref name=doublethedonation>{{cite web|url = https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/12/american-institute-of-philanthropy-charity-watch/|title = American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch|date = December 21, 2013|publisher = Double the Donation}}</ref> CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs>{{cite web|url = http://www.seattletimes.com/life/lifestyle/watchdogging-the-charity-watchdogs/|title = Watchdogging the charity watchdogs|date = December 29, 2011|publisher = ''[[w:Seattle Times|Seattle Times]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1999 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:McKinsey & Company|McKinsey & Company]] creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The [[wikipedia:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States
+
| 1994 || Charity watchdog || {{w|GuideStar}}, an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs/><ref name=guidestar-history>{{cite web|url = http://learn.guidestar.org/about-us/history|title = GuideStar History|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>|| United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || Consulting || The [[wikipedia:Bridgespan Group|Bridgespan Group]] is founded by [[wikipedia:Thomas Tierney|Thomas Tierney]], former Managing Director of [[wikipedia:Bain & Company|Bain & Company]].<ref name="bridgespan-economist-2006">{{Citation | url =http://www.economist.com/node/5517712 | title =Virtue's intermediaries |journal=[[wikipedia:The Economist|The Economist]] | date =February 23, 2006 | accessdate = August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bridgespan-nytimes-2008">{{Citation | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/11/giving/11BRIDGE.html?_r=0 | title =Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice |newspaper=[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]] | date =November 10, 2008 | accessdate =August 21, 2013 }}</ref> Its goal is to provide [[wikipedia:management consulting|management consulting]] to nonprofits and philanthropists.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=bridgespan-nytimes-2008/><ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list>{{cite web|url = http://web.stanford.edu/group/nonprofitsource/Nonprofit_resources/Nonprofit_Consulting.html|title = Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms|publisher = [[wikipedia:Stanford University|Stanford University]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States (Boston)
+
| 1999 || Consulting || {{w|McKinsey & Company}} creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}, which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:Faunalytics|Faunalytics]], a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faunalytics.org/|title = Che Green|publisher = [[wikipedia:Faunalytics|Faunalytics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>
+
| 2000 || Consulting || The {{w|Bridgespan Group}} is founded by {{w|Thomas Tierney}}, former Managing Director of {{w|Bain & Company}}.<ref name="bridgespan-economist-2006">{{Citation | url =http://www.economist.com/node/5517712 | title =Virtue's intermediaries |journal=[[w:The Economist|The Economist]] | date =February 23, 2006 | accessdate = August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bridgespan-nytimes-2008">{{Citation | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/11/giving/11BRIDGE.html?_r=0 | title =Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice |newspaper=[[w:The New York Times|The New York Times]] | date =November 10, 2008 | accessdate =August 21, 2013 }}</ref> Its goal is to provide {{w|management consulting}} to nonprofits and philanthropists.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=bridgespan-nytimes-2008/><ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list>{{cite web|url = http://web.stanford.edu/group/nonprofitsource/Nonprofit_resources/Nonprofit_Consulting.html|title = Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms|publisher = [[w:Stanford University|Stanford University]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States (Boston)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || Consulting || FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as [[wikipedia:catalytic philanthropy|catalytic philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsg.org/our-story |title=Our Story |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=FSG}}</ref> FSG has also published documents such as ''Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact'', which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.<ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/topical/eval.html |title=Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center}}</ref> || United States (Boston)
+
| 2000 || Consulting || {{w|Faunalytics}}, a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faunalytics.org/|title = Che Green|publisher = [[w:Faunalytics|Faunalytics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Ministry Watch|Ministry Watch]], an [[wikipedia:evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[wikipedia:Christian|Christian]] organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded. ||
+
| 2000 || Consulting || FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as {{w|catalytic philanthropy}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsg.org/our-story |title=Our Story |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=FSG}}</ref> FSG has also published documents such as ''Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact'', which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.<ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/topical/eval.html |title=Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center}}</ref> || United States (Boston)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:BBB Wise Giving Alliance|BBB Wise Giving Alliance]] adopts its current name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2012/12/27/better-business-bureau-charity-ratings-donations/1636957/ |title=BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire |first=Jayne |last=O'Donnell |date=December 27, 2012 |accessdate=April 25, 2016}}</ref> The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. || United States
+
| 2000 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Ministry Watch}}, an [[w:evangelicalism|evangelical]] {{w|Christian}} organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded. ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]] is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1535|title = Video: The History of Charity Navigator|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Charity Navigator is an [[wikipedia:United States|American]] independent [[wikipedia:charity watchdog|charity watchdog]] organization that evaluates [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]]s in the [[wikipedia:United States|United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/business/27charity.html|title = To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom|date = November 27, 2010|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2001 || Charity watchdog || {{w|BBB Wise Giving Alliance}} adopts its current name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2012/12/27/better-business-bureau-charity-ratings-donations/1636957/ |title=BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire |first=Jayne |last=O'Donnell |date=December 27, 2012 |accessdate=April 25, 2016}}</ref> The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2001 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:The Center for Effective Philanthropy|The Center for Effective Philanthropy]], a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.effectivephilanthropy.org/about/people/phil-buchanan/|title = Phil Buchanan|publisher = [[wikipedia:The Center for Effective Philanthropy|The Center for Effective Philanthropy]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/23/us/charities-surprise-donor-foundations-with-bluntness.html|title = Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = April 23, 2004|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Massachusetts]])
+
| 2001 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Charity Navigator}} is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1535|title = Video: The History of Charity Navigator|publisher = [[w:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Charity Navigator is an [[w:United States|American]] independent [[w:charity watchdog|charity watchdog]] organization that evaluates [[w:charitable organization|charitable organization]]s in the [[w:United States|United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/business/27charity.html|title = To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom|date = November 27, 2010|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2002 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital]] launches, founded by [[wikipedia:Goldman Sachs|Goldman Sachs]] partners [[wikipedia:Gavyn Davies|Gavyn Davies]] and Peter Wheeler.<ref name=npc-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.thinknpc.org/about-npc/our-history/|title = Our history|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital]]}}</ref> New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=npc-guardian>{{cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/aug/01/childrensservices.comment|title = Full stop missing on child abuse|last = Butler|first = Patrick|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:The Guardian|The Guardian]]''|date = August 1, 2007|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United Kingdom (London)
+
| 2001 || Consulting || {{w|The Center for Effective Philanthropy}}, a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.effectivephilanthropy.org/about/people/phil-buchanan/|title = Phil Buchanan|publisher = [[w:The Center for Effective Philanthropy|The Center for Effective Philanthropy]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/23/us/charities-surprise-donor-foundations-with-bluntness.html|title = Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = April 23, 2004|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = wikipedia:Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States ([[w:Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Massachusetts]])
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || Publication || First issue of the ''[[wikipedia:Stanford Social Innovation Review|Stanford Social Innovation Review]]'', a magazine-cum-website about [[wikipedia:social innovation|social innovation]], is published.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ssir.org/issue/spring_2003|title = Spring 2003 Issue|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Stanford Social Innovation Review|Stanford Social Innovation Review]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2002 || Consulting, resource || The idea behind {{w|Innovations for Poverty Action}} is first proposed by {{w|Dean Karlan}} to his graduate advisors {{w|Abhijit Banerjee}}, {{w|Esther Duflo}}, and {{w|Sendhil Mullainathan}} at MIT. IPA would work with many nonprofits, governments, and foundations on helping them evaluate their programs and publishing the findings. This would both help the nonprofits with prioritizing and improving their programs, and help inform donors and evaluators about the programs.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || Consulting || The [[wikipedia:Redstone Strategy Group|Redstone Strategy Group]], a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Redstone Strategy Group Llc |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0082074D:US-redstone-strategy-group-llc}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2002 || Charity watchdog || {{w|New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital}} launches, founded by {{w|Goldman Sachs}} partners {{w|Gavyn Davies}} and Peter Wheeler.<ref name=npc-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.thinknpc.org/about-npc/our-history/|title = Our history|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[w:New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital]]}}</ref> New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=npc-guardian>{{cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/aug/01/childrensservices.comment|title = Full stop missing on child abuse|last = Butler|first = Patrick|publisher = ''[[w:The Guardian|The Guardian]]''|date = August 1, 2007|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United Kingdom (London)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Intelligent Giving|Intelligent Giving]] launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.<ref name=Spectator>{{cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/16th-february-2008/44/how-to-give | title = How to Give| publisher= The Spectator | accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) || United Kingdom (London)
+
| 2003 || Publication || First issue of the ''{{w|Stanford Social Innovation Review}}'', a magazine-cum-website about {{w|social innovation}}, is published.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ssir.org/issue/spring_2003|title = Spring 2003 Issue|publisher = ''[[w:Stanford Social Innovation Review|Stanford Social Innovation Review]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]] launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]] that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.<ref name=guidestar>{{cite web|url = http://trust.guidestar.org/2014/08/05/holden-karnofsky/|title = Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Harold|first = Jacob|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=givewell>{{cite web|url = http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/|title = Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Karnofsky|first = Holden|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]]}}</ref><ref name=chronicle>{{cite web|url = https://philanthropy.com/article/Philanthropy-s-Results/153331|title = Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving|date = April 3, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Chronicle of Philanthropy|Chronicle of Philanthropy]]''}}</ref><ref name=hewlett-closure>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/blog/posts/follow-our-decision-end-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative|title = Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Twersky|first = Fay|date = April 4, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]}}</ref>  It has also funded GiveWell.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/ |title=Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref> The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014. ||
+
| 2003 || Consulting || The {{w|Redstone Strategy Group}}, a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Redstone Strategy Group Llc |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0082074D:US-redstone-strategy-group-llc}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2006 || Resource || [[wikipedia:Center for High Impact Philanthropy|Center for High Impact Philanthropy]] is established at the [[wikipedia:University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania]]. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.<ref name=chip-about>{{cite web|url=http://www.impact.upenn.edu/about/|title = About|publisher = Center for High Impact Philanthropy|accessdate = 2012-12-05}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2003 || Consulting, resource || The {{w|Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab}} (J-PAL) is founded by {{w|Abhijit Banerjee}}, {{w|Esther Duflo}}, and {{w|Sendhil Mullainathan}}. J-PAL would would work with many nonprofits, governments, and foundations on helping them evaluate their programs and publishing the findings. This would both help the nonprofits with prioritizing and improving their programs, and help inform donors and evaluators about the programs.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s || Social movement || [[wikipedia:Effective altruism|Effective altruism]], a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.<ref name=tmgycd>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/Blog/ID/170/The-Most-Good-You-Can-Do|title = The Most Good You Can Do|last = Singer|first = Peter|authorlink = wikipedia:Peter Singer|date = April 1, 2015|accessdate = April 11, 2015|publisher = ''The Life You Can Save''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/upshot/effective-altruism-where-charity-and-rationality-meet.html|title = Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet|last = Cowen|first = Tyler|date = August 16, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = wikipedia:Tyler Cowen}}</ref> || Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and Australia
+
| 2005 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Intelligent Giving}} launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.<ref name=Spectator>{{cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/16th-february-2008/44/how-to-give | title = How to Give| publisher= The Spectator | accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) || United Kingdom (London)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]] is conceived.<ref name=cica-about>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-us|title = Our Story|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.<ref name=caci-financials>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-ci/annual-reportsfinancials|title = Audited Financial Statements|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=caci-star>{{cite web|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/11/15/who_is_charity_intelligence_canada.html|title = Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.|date = November 15, 2011|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''The Star''}}</ref> In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/tables-turned-on-charity-intelligence-as-charitable-status-revoked/article4564354/|title = Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked|last = Waldie|first = Paul|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:The Globe and Mail|The Globe and Mail]]''|date = September 24, 2012|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.<ref name=caci-cbc>{{cite web|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/charity-intelligence-names-top-10-organizations-on-social-return-on-investment-1.3303600|title = Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average|publisher = [[wikipedia:CBC News|CBC News]]|date = November 4, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://business.financialpost.com/news/charities-of-the-year-how-the-financial-post-chose-from-86000-registered-canadian-organizations|title = Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations|last = Brownell|first = Claire|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Financial Post|Financial Post]]''}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Canada|Canada]]
+
| 2006 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative}} launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the {{w|Hewlett Foundation}} that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.<ref name=guidestar>{{cite web|url = http://trust.guidestar.org/2014/08/05/holden-karnofsky/|title = Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Harold|first = Jacob|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=givewell>{{cite web|url = http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/|title = Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Karnofsky|first = Holden|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[w:GiveWell|GiveWell]]}}</ref><ref name=chronicle>{{cite web|url = https://philanthropy.com/article/Philanthropy-s-Results/153331|title = Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving|date = April 3, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = ''[[w:Chronicle of Philanthropy|Chronicle of Philanthropy]]''}}</ref><ref name=hewlett-closure>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/blog/posts/follow-our-decision-end-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative|title = Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Twersky|first = Fay|date = April 4, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[w:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]}}</ref> It would also fund GiveWell.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/ |title=Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref> The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014. ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GreatNonprofits|GreatNonprofits]] is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.about.greatnonprofits.org/ |title=The Story of GreatNonprofits |publisher=GreatNonprofits |accessdate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2006 || Resource || {{w|Center for High Impact Philanthropy}} is established at the {{w|University of Pennsylvania}}. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.<ref name=chip-about>{{cite web|url=http://www.impact.upenn.edu/about/|title = About|publisher = Center for High Impact Philanthropy|accessdate = 2012-12-05}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]] launches, founded by former [[wikipedia:Bridgewater Associates|Bridgewater Associates]] hedge fund analysts [[wikipedia:Holden Karnofsky|Holden Karnofsky]] and Elie Hassenfeld.<ref name=our-story>{{cite web|url=http://givewell.org/about/story|title = Our Story|publisher = GiveWell|accessdate = 2012-08-16}}</ref> GiveWell is a [[wikipedia:non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[wikipedia:charity evaluator|charity evaluator]] and [[wikipedia:effective altruism|effective altruism]]-focused organization that focuses primarily on the [[wikipedia:cost-effectiveness|cost-effectiveness]] of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on [[wikipedia:overhead (business)|overhead]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/20charity.html |title=2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]]'' |date=December 20, 2007 |author=Stephanie Strom}}</ref> In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox/><ref name="lieber_making_sure">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/giving-away-money-and-making-sure-its-put-to-work.html |title=Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work |author=Ron Lieber |date=April 25, 2014 |accessdate=June 17, 2016 |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linch-zhang/how-can-you-do-the-most-g_b_10597442.html |author=Linch Zhang |date=June 21, 2016 |title=How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The Huffington Post|The Huffington Post]]'' |accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref>|| United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]], later moved to [[wikipedia:San Francisco|San Francisco]]
+
| Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s || Social movement || {{w|Effective altruism}}, a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.<ref name=tmgycd>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/Blog/ID/170/The-Most-Good-You-Can-Do|title = The Most Good You Can Do|last = Singer|first = Peter|authorlink = wikipedia:Peter Singer|date = April 1, 2015|accessdate = April 11, 2015|publisher = ''The Life You Can Save''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/upshot/effective-altruism-where-charity-and-rationality-meet.html|title = Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet|last = Cowen|first = Tyler|date = August 16, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = wikipedia:Tyler Cowen}}</ref> || Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, [[w:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and Australia
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2008 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Philanthropedia|Philanthropedia]] launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert [[wikipedia:crowdsourcing|crowdsourcing]] resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cuberta|first=Phil|title=Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now|url=http://www.gifthub.org/2009/11/dam-busting-to-get-a-flood-of-giving-now.html|work=50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy|publisher=Gift Hub|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref> In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.myphilanthropedia.org/blog/2011/03/17/exciting-announcement-guidestar-acquires-philanthropedia/|title = Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia|date = March 17, 2011|author = Deyan|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = My Philanthropedia}}</ref> ||
+
| 2006 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Charity Intelligence Canada}} is conceived.<ref name=cica-about>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-us|title = Our Story|publisher = [[w:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.<ref name=caci-financials>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-ci/annual-reportsfinancials|title = Audited Financial Statements|publisher = [[w:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=caci-star>{{cite web|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/11/15/who_is_charity_intelligence_canada.html|title = Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.|date = November 15, 2011|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''The Star''}}</ref> In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/tables-turned-on-charity-intelligence-as-charitable-status-revoked/article4564354/|title = Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked|last = Waldie|first = Paul|publisher = ''[[w:The Globe and Mail|The Globe and Mail]]''|date = September 24, 2012|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.<ref name=caci-cbc>{{cite web|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/charity-intelligence-names-top-10-organizations-on-social-return-on-investment-1.3303600|title = Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average|publisher = [[w:CBC News|CBC News]]|date = November 4, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://business.financialpost.com/news/charities-of-the-year-how-the-financial-post-chose-from-86000-registered-canadian-organizations|title = Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations|last = Brownell|first = Claire|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[w:Financial Post|Financial Post]]''}}</ref> || [[w:Canada|Canada]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2008 || Resource || The [[wikipedia:International Aid Transparency Initiative|International Aid Transparency Initiative]] (IATI) launches in September at the [[wikipedia:Aid effectiveness#Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Accra, September 2008|Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness]] held in [[wikipedia:Accra, Ghana|Accra, Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aidtransparency.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Paper-2A-Evaluation-Report-1-IATI-as-a-Political-Initiative1.pdf |title=Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report |first1=Ian C. |last1=Davies |first2=Julia | last2=Brümmer |first3=Sara |last3=Vaca |first4=Lauren |last4=Weiss |date=October 2015 |accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.transparency.org/2013/01/17/my-ceo-will-tear-off-my-head-if-i-suggest-to-him-that-we-implement-iati/ |title=“My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI.” |publisher=Space for Transparency |accessdate=September 9, 2016 |date=January 17, 2013 |author=Claudia Schwegmann}}</ref> The IATI provides a standard [[wikipedia:XML schema|XML schema]] which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations {{as of|2016|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iatiregistry.org/ |title=Welcome - IATI Registry |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> ||
+
| 2007 || Charity watchdog || {{w|GreatNonprofits|GreatNonprofits}} is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.about.greatnonprofits.org/ |title=The Story of GreatNonprofits |publisher=GreatNonprofits |accessdate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Jumo|Jumo]] is launched by [[wikipedia:Facebook|Facebook]] co-founder [[wikipedia:Chris Hughes|Chris Hughes]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |accessdate=2010-12-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/technology/30jumo.html |title=2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities |date=2010-11-30 |author=Jenna Wortham |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2010-12-23 |url=http://mashable.com/2010/11/30/facebook-co-founder-launches-social-network-for-social-good-jumo-image/ |title=Facebook Co-Founder Launches Social Network for Social Good, Jumo |date=2010-12-01 |author=Brenna Ehrlich}}</ref> Jumo is a [[wikipedia:social networking service|social networking service]] and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with [[wikipedia:Good Worldwide|GOOD]] in August 2011.<ref>Chris Hughes, [http://blog.jumo.com/post/9037560404/jumo-and-good-combine-forces-to-create-content-and Jumo and GOOD Combine Forces to Create Content and Social Engagement Platform], Jumo blog, August 17, 2011</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:Palo Alto|Palo Alto]], California)
+
| 2007 || Charity watchdog || {{w|GiveWell}} launches, founded by former {{w|Bridgewater Associates}} hedge fund analysts {{w|Holden Karnofsky}} and Elie Hassenfeld.<ref name=our-story>{{cite web|url=http://givewell.org/about/story|title = Our Story|publisher = GiveWell|accessdate = 2012-08-16}}</ref> GiveWell is a [[w:non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[w:charity evaluator|charity evaluator]] and [[w:effective altruism|effective altruism]]-focused organization that focuses primarily on the [[w:cost-effectiveness|cost-effectiveness]] of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on [[w:overhead (business)|overhead]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/20charity.html |title=2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy |publisher=''[[w:The New York Times|The New York Times]]'' |date=December 20, 2007 |author=Stephanie Strom}}</ref> In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox/><ref name="lieber_making_sure">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/giving-away-money-and-making-sure-its-put-to-work.html |title=Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work |author=Ron Lieber |date=April 25, 2014 |accessdate=June 17, 2016 |publisher=''[[w:The New York Times|The New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linch-zhang/how-can-you-do-the-most-g_b_10597442.html |author=Linch Zhang |date=June 21, 2016 |title=How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You |publisher=''[[w:The Huffington Post|The Huffington Post]]'' |accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref>|| United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in {{w|New York City}}, later moved to {{w|San Francisco}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010–2011 || Charity watchdog || In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1107 |title=Charity Navigator Expands Rating Methodology |author=Ken Berger |date=July 1, 2010 |work= |publisher=Charitiy Navigator |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).<ref name=where>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Where We Are Headed (2013 and Beyond) |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1193|accessdate=6 July 2015|newspaper=charitynavigator.org|date=}}</ref> After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.<ref>{{cite web|last=Berger |first=Ken |url=http://www.kenscommentary.org/2011/09/cn-20-more-knowledge-more-good.html |title=Ken's Commentary: CN 2.0: More Knowledge, More Good |publisher=Kenscommentary.org |date=2011-09-20 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}</ref>
+
| 2008 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Philanthropedia}} launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert {{w|crowdsourcing}} resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cuberta|first=Phil|title=Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now|url=http://www.gifthub.org/2009/11/dam-busting-to-get-a-flood-of-giving-now.html|work=50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy|publisher=Gift Hub|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref> In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.myphilanthropedia.org/blog/2011/03/17/exciting-announcement-guidestar-acquires-philanthropedia/|title = Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia|date = March 17, 2011|author = Deyan|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = My Philanthropedia}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || Charity || The [[wikipedia:Central Asia Institute|Central Asia Institute]] undergoes controversy for allegations of poor financial conduct, raising questions about the ratings previously assigned to it by charity evaluators.<ref name="Schimmelpfennig">{{cite web|last1=Schimmelpfennig|first1=Saundra|title=Donors Need a Better Way to Rate Charities|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Donors-Need-a-Better-Way-to/227837|website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|publisher=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=13 May 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://blog.givewell.org/2011/04/25/three-cups-of-tea-scandal-why-we-had-the-right-bottom-line-on-the-central-asia-institute/ Givewell.org, "Three Cups of Tea scandal: why we had the right bottom line on the Central Asia Institute", Holden Karnofsky , April 25, 2011, Accessed January 13, 2013.]</ref> ||  
+
| 2008 || Resource || The {{w|International Aid Transparency Initiative}} (IATI) launches in September at the [[w:Aid effectiveness#Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Accra, September 2008|Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness]] held in {{w|Accra, Ghana}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aidtransparency.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Paper-2A-Evaluation-Report-1-IATI-as-a-Political-Initiative1.pdf |title=Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report |first1=Ian C. |last1=Davies |first2=Julia | last2=Brümmer |first3=Sara |last3=Vaca |first4=Lauren |last4=Weiss |date=October 2015 |accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.transparency.org/2013/01/17/my-ceo-will-tear-off-my-head-if-i-suggest-to-him-that-we-implement-iati/ |title=“My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI.” |publisher=Space for Transparency |accessdate=September 9, 2016 |date=January 17, 2013 |author=Claudia Schwegmann}}</ref> The IATI provides a standard {{w|XML schema}} which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations {{as of|2016|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iatiregistry.org/ |title=Welcome - IATI Registry |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || Charity watchdog/foundation || [[wikipedia:Open Philanthropy Project|Open Philanthropy Project]] (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]] (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on [[wikipedia:global health|global health]]) and [[wikipedia:Good Ventures|Good Ventures]] (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband [[wikipedia:Dustin Moskovitz|Dustin Moskovitz]], one of the co-founders of [[wikipedia:Facebook|Facebook]])<ref name="Insidephilanthropy.com_March_20_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/12/14/how-does-an-emerging-army-of-tech-donors-think-ask-this-guy.html |title=How Does an Emerging "Army" of Tech Donors Think? Ask This Guy |publisher=Inside Philanthropy |date=December 14, 2015 |author=David Callahan |accessdate= March 20, 2016}}</ref> that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.<ref name="openphil_formerly_gwl">{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/20/open-philanthropy-project-formerly-givewell-labs/ |title=Open Philanthropy Project (formerly GiveWell Labs) |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |publisher=GiveWell}}</ref><ref name=syd>{{cite web|url = http://www.sydsbirthdaychallenge.com/blog/2015/8/27/open-philanthropy-project|title = Open Philanthropy Project|last = Martin|first = Sydney|date = September 5, 2015|accessdate = April 9, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2010 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Jumo}} is launched by {{w|Facebook}} co-founder {{w|Chris Hughes}}.<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |accessdate=2010-12-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/technology/30jumo.html |title=2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities |date=2010-11-30 |author=Jenna Wortham |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2010-12-23 |url=http://mashable.com/2010/11/30/facebook-co-founder-launches-social-network-for-social-good-jumo-image/ |title=Facebook Co-Founder Launches Social Network for Social Good, Jumo |date=2010-12-01 |author=Brenna Ehrlich}}</ref> Jumo is a {{w|social networking service}} and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with [[w:Good Worldwide|GOOD]] in August 2011.<ref>Chris Hughes, [http://blog.jumo.com/post/9037560404/jumo-and-good-combine-forces-to-create-content-and Jumo and GOOD Combine Forces to Create Content and Social Engagement Platform], Jumo blog, August 17, 2011</ref> || United States ({{w|Palo Alto}}, California)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Animal Charity Evaluators|Animal Charity Evaluators]] (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url = http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org/about/|title = About|publisher = Animal Charity Evaluators|accessdate = September 5, 2015}}</ref> In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox>{{cite web|url = http://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/giving-tuesday-holiday-charity|title = These are the charities where your money will do the most good|last = Matthews|first = Dylan|authorlink = wikipedia:Dylan Matthews|date = December 1, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Vox (website)|Vox]]''}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2010–2011 || Charity watchdog || In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1107 |title=Charity Navigator Expands Rating Methodology |author=Ken Berger |date=July 1, 2010 |work= |publisher=Charitiy Navigator |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).<ref name=where>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Where We Are Headed (2013 and Beyond) |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1193|accessdate=6 July 2015|newspaper=charitynavigator.org|date=}}</ref> After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.<ref>{{cite web|last=Berger |first=Ken |url=http://www.kenscommentary.org/2011/09/cn-20-more-knowledge-more-good.html |title=Ken's Commentary: CN 2.0: More Knowledge, More Good |publisher=Kenscommentary.org |date=2011-09-20 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2013 || Publication || [[wikipedia:Inside Philanthropy|Inside Philanthropy]] is launched by [[wikipedia:David Callahan|David Callahan]].<ref name=ip-crunchbase>{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/inside-philanthropy |title=Inside Philanthropy |website = [[wikipedia:CrunchBase|CrunchBase]] |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.<ref name=ip-forbes>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomwatson/2014/07/20/challenging-the-big-funders-philanthropy-startup-targets-billionaires-and-their-giving/ |title=Challenging The Big Funders: Philanthropy Startup Targets Billionaires And Their Giving |newspaper=Forbes |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2011 || Charity controversy || The {{w|Central Asia Institute}} undergoes controversy for allegations of poor financial conduct, raising questions about the ratings previously assigned to it by charity evaluators.<ref name="Schimmelpfennig">{{cite web|last1=Schimmelpfennig|first1=Saundra|title=Donors Need a Better Way to Rate Charities|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/Donors-Need-a-Better-Way-to/227837|website=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|publisher=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=13 May 2011}}</ref><ref>[http://blog.givewell.org/2011/04/25/three-cups-of-tea-scandal-why-we-had-the-right-bottom-line-on-the-central-asia-institute/ Givewell.org, "Three Cups of Tea scandal: why we had the right bottom line on the Central Asia Institute", Holden Karnofsky , April 25, 2011, Accessed January 13, 2013.]</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2011 || Charity watchdog/foundation || {{w|Open Philanthropy Project}} (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between {{w|GiveWell}} (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on {{w|global health}}) and {{w|Good Ventures}} (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband {{w|Dustin Moskovitz}}, one of the co-founders of {{w|Facebook}})<ref name="Insidephilanthropy.com_March_20_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/12/14/how-does-an-emerging-army-of-tech-donors-think-ask-this-guy.html |title=How Does an Emerging "Army" of Tech Donors Think? Ask This Guy |publisher=Inside Philanthropy |date=December 14, 2015 |author=David Callahan |accessdate= March 20, 2016}}</ref> that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.<ref name="openphil_formerly_gwl">{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/20/open-philanthropy-project-formerly-givewell-labs/ |title=Open Philanthropy Project (formerly GiveWell Labs) |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |publisher=GiveWell}}</ref><ref name=syd>{{cite web|url = http://www.sydsbirthdaychallenge.com/blog/2015/8/27/open-philanthropy-project|title = Open Philanthropy Project|last = Martin|first = Sydney|date = September 5, 2015|accessdate = April 9, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || Charity watchdog || {{w|Animal Charity Evaluators}} (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url = http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org/about/|title = About|publisher = Animal Charity Evaluators|accessdate = September 5, 2015}}</ref> In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox>{{cite web|url = http://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/giving-tuesday-holiday-charity|title = These are the charities where your money will do the most good|last = Matthews|first = Dylan|authorlink = wikipedia:Dylan Matthews|date = December 1, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[w:Vox (website)|Vox]]''}}</ref> || United States
 +
|-
 +
| 2013 || Publication || {{w|Inside Philanthropy}} is launched by {{w|David Callahan}}.<ref name=ip-crunchbase>{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/inside-philanthropy |title=Inside Philanthropy |website = [[w:CrunchBase|CrunchBase]] |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.<ref name=ip-forbes>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomwatson/2014/07/20/challenging-the-big-funders-philanthropy-startup-targets-billionaires-and-their-giving/ |title=Challenging The Big Funders: Philanthropy Startup Targets Billionaires And Their Giving |newspaper=Forbes |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> || United States
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 || Charity watchdog || IDinsight, an organization that conducts randomized controlled trials and helps governments and nonprofits set up monitoring for their programs, receives its first grant from charity evaluator GiveWell.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.givewell.org/charities/IDinsight/september-2014-grant|title = IDinsight—Scaling Up a High-Potential Development Intervention|date = September 1, 2014|accessdate = May 6, 2017|publisher = [[w:GiveWell|GiveWell]]}}</ref> This would be the first of many grants from GiveWell to IDinsight.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://donations.vipulnaik.com/donee.php?donee=IDinsight|title = IDinsight donations received|accessdate = May 6, 2017}}</ref> A GiveWell blog post in May 2017 would provide more detail on GiveWell's collaboration with IDinsight.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://blog.givewell.org/2017/05/04/why-givewell-is-partnering-with-idinsight/|title = Why GiveWell is partnering with IDinsight|last = Hollander|first = Catherine|date = May 4, 2017|accessdate = May 6, 2017|publisher = [[w:GiveWell|GiveWell]]}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2015 || Charity watchdog || ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist {{w|Dean Karlan}} and Elijah Goldberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Announcing ImpactMatters: Auditing Charity Impact across Causes |url=http://effective-altruism.com/ea/qq/announcing_impactmatters_auditing_charity_impact/ |publisher=Effective Altruism Forum |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Zach Groff}}</ref> ImpactMatters is [[w:Business incubator|incubated]] at {{w|Innovations for Poverty Action}} and conducts audits of nonprofits.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPA Incubates New Nonprofit Organization ImpactMatters |url=http://www.poverty-action.org/blog/ipa-incubates-new-nonprofit-organization-impactmatters |publisher=[[w:Innovations for Poverty Action|Innovations for Poverty Action]] |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Annie Duflo}}</ref> || United States
 +
|-
 +
| 2015 || Resource || The first version of the annually refreshed list of charity recommendations from {{w|Dylan Matthews}} at ''Vox'' is published. The list cites the recommendations of {{w|GiveWell}} and {{w|Animal Charity Evaluators}}, and also identifies meta-charities such as {{w|Innovations for Poverty Action}} and {{w|80,000 Hours}} as possible charities to donate to.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/best-charities-donate-2018-giving-tuesday|title = These are the charities where your money will do the most good. You can save lives with your giving. Here’s how.|date = December 25, 2018|accessdate = November 11, 2019|publisher = Vox}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 || Charity controversy || In March, the {{w|Wounded Warrior Project}} fires top executives amid accusations of wasteful spending by the group.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/03/10/report-wounded-warrior-project-executives-fired-amid-controversy/?utm_term=.7bfc62e47bdf|title = Wounded Warrior Project executives fired amid controversy|last = Gibbons-Neff|first = Thomas|date = March 10, 2016|accessdate = March 12, 2017|publisher = ''[[w:Washington Post|Washington Post]]''}}</ref> The accusations had been reported in late January.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/28/us/wounded-warrior-project-spends-lavishly-on-itself-ex-employees-say.html|title = Wounded Warrior Project Spends Lavishly on Itself, Insiders Say|last = Phillipps|first = Dave|date = January 27, 2016|accessdate = March 12, 2017|publisher = ''[[w:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> The revelations lead to discussion of the need for nonprofit transparency and accountability, and more care by donors.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://time.com/4257876/wounded-warrior-project-scandal/|title = The Wounded Warrior Project Scandal Should Encourage More Philanthropy|last = Tsipursky|first = Gleb|date = March 15, 2016|accessdate = March 12, 2017|publisher = ''[[w:Time Magazine|Time Magazine]]''}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 || Resource || {{w|Giving What We Can}} stops updating its own research on cause areas and charities, instead deferrring to the work of J-PAL, GiveWell, and the Open Philanthropy Project.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/cause/climate-change/|title = Climate Change|publisher = Giving What We Can|accessdate = November 11, 2019}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 || Resource || {{w|80,000 Hours}} publishes its resource article on the best charity to donate to. The article would continue to be updated over the yearrs. It talks of the Effective Altruism Funds as well as the charity recommendations of {{w|GiveWell}} and {{w|Animal Charity Evaluators}}. ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2018 || Resource || Around this time, {{w|Founders Pledge}} creates its research page that includes research reports on cause areas of interest to donors taking its pledge. Its first two reports are on climate change and mental health;<ref>{{cite web|url = https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/3poYR8mXfcr9YM34Z/new-research-on-effective-climate-charities|title = New research on effective climate charities|last = Halstead|first = John|date = July 11, 2018|accessdate = November 11, 2019|publisher = Effective Altruism Forum}}</ref> by the end of 2019, it would have expanded to 12 reports. Founders Pledge had advertised a position for a full-time researcher in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/DrK9zwKvjn4DsEsea/we-re-hiring-founders-pledge-is-seeking-a-new-researcher|title = We're hiring! Founders Pledge is seeking a new researcher|date = December 18, 2017|accessdate = November 11, 2019|publisher = Effective Altruism Forum}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2019 || Charity watchdog || In March, GuideStar and Foundation Center announce their merger, and the combined organization is rebranded as '''Candid.''' (with a period at the end), to offer one of the largest data sources for people understanding nonprofits.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.thenonprofittimes.com/npt_articles/foundation-center-guidestar-merge-creating-mega-data-portal/|title = Foundation Center, GuideStar Merge, Creating Mega Data Portal|last = Clolery|first = Paul|date = February 5, 2019|accessdate = April 11, 2020|publisher = The Nonprofit Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.philanthropy.com/article/2-Information-Giants/245608|title = 2 Information Giants, Foundation Center and GuideStar, to Join Forces|last = Gunther|first = Marc|date = February 5, 2019|accessdate = April 11, 2020}}</ref> According to Nonprofit Quarterly: "it has been more than a decade since the two started getting to know each other in a way that acknowledged their linked purposes, and a full seven years since their merger discussions began. But, to be sure, it is a momentous occasion."<ref>{{cite web|url = https://nonprofitquarterly.org/candid-foundation-center-guidestar-merger/|title = Candid: The Foundation Center/GuideStar Merger’s Noteworthy Process|publisher = Nonprofit Quarterly|last = McCambridge|first = Ruth|date = February 5, 2019|accessdate = April 11, 2020}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2020 || Acquisition || Charity Navigator acquires ImpactMatters, a nonprofit ratings agency that "helps donors find high-impact giving opportunities". The acquisition is supported with US$375,000 from the {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charity Navigator Acquires ImpactMatters |url=https://www.thenonprofittimes.com/npt_articles/charity-navigator-acquires-impactmatters/ |website=thenonprofittimes.com |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ImpactMatters Launches New Nonprofit Ratings Service to Help Donors Identify High-Impact Nonprofits Ahead of Giving Tuesday |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/impactmatters-launches-new-nonprofit-ratings-service-to-help-donors-identify-high-impact-nonprofits-ahead-of-giving-tuesday-300964234.html#:~:text=About%20ImpactMatters,find%20high%2Dimpact%20giving%20opportunities. |website=prnewswire.com |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 
 +
=== Google Scholar ===
 +
 
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of August 12, 2021.
 +
 
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! "nonprofit evaluation"
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || 1
 +
|-
 +
| 2002 || 1
 +
|-
 +
| 2004 || 6
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 || 10
 +
|-
 +
| 2008 || 6 
 +
|-
 +
| 2010 || 11
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || 16   
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 || 16
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 || 17   
 +
|-
 +
| 2018 || 4
 +
|-
 +
| 2020 || 25 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || Charity watchdog || ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist [[wikipedia:Dean Karlan|Dean Karlan]] and Elijah Goldberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Announcing ImpactMatters: Auditing Charity Impact across Causes |url=http://effective-altruism.com/ea/qq/announcing_impactmatters_auditing_charity_impact/ |publisher=Effective Altruism Forum |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Zach Groff}}</ref> ImpactMatter is [[wikipedia:Business incubator|incubated]] at [[wikipedia:Innovations for Poverty Action|Innovations for Poverty Action]] and conducts audits of nonprofits.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPA Incubates New Nonprofit Organization ImpactMatters |url=http://www.poverty-action.org/blog/ipa-incubates-new-nonprofit-organization-impactmatters |publisher=[[wikipedia:Innovations for Poverty Action|Innovations for Poverty Action]] |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Annie Duflo}}</ref> || United States
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
[[File:Nonprofit evaluation google schoolar.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
 +
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Nonprofit evaluation (Search term), from January 2004 to March 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nonprofit evaluation |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=Nonprofit%20evaluation |website=Google Trends |access-date=24 March 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nonprofit evaluation gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Nonprofit evaluation, from 1950 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nonprofit evaluation |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Nonprofit+evaluation&year_start=1950&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nonprofit evaluation ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Charity assessment}}, from September 2017 to March 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Charity assessment |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Charity+assessment&months[0]=202103&months[1]=202102&months[2]=202101&months[3]=202012&months[4]=202011&months[5]=202010&months[6]=202009&months[7]=202008&months[8]=202007&months[9]=202006&months[10]=202005&months[11]=202004&months[12]=202003&months[13]=202002&months[14]=202001&months[15]=201912&months[16]=201911&months[17]=201910&months[18]=201909&months[19]=201908&months[20]=201907&months[21]=201906&months[22]=201905&months[23]=201904&months[24]=201903&months[25]=201902&months[26]=201901&months[27]=201812&months[28]=201811&months[29]=201810&months[30]=201809&months[31]=201808&months[32]=201807&months[33]=201806&months[34]=201805&months[35]=201804&months[36]=201803&months[37]=201802&months[38]=201801&months[39]=201712&months[40]=201711&months[41]=201710&months[42]=201709&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Charity assessment wv.png|thumb|center|450px]]
 +
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
−
*[[wikipedia:Effective altruism|Effective altruism]]
+
*{{w|Effective altruism}}
 +
*[[Timeline of GiveWell]]
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
 
{{reflist|30em}}
 
{{reflist|30em}}
−
 
−
[[wikipedia:Category:Society-related timelines|Nonprofit evaluation]]
 
−
[[wikipedia:Category:Global health|Category:Global health]]
 
−
[[wikipedia:Category:Charity|Category:Charity]]
 

Latest revision as of 21:05, 21 March 2024

The content on this page is forked from the English Wikipedia page entitled "Timeline of nonprofit evaluation". The original page on the English Wikipedia was deleted. The original content was released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License (CC-BY-SA), so this page inherits this license.

This is a timeline of nonprofit evaluation, in particular charity evaluation.

Big picture

Time period Key developments
1869–1930s Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by Social Darwinism in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.[1][2]
1992–present Starting with CharityWatch, this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
late 2000s Effective altruism emerges as a movement with its current name, introducing new charity evaluation organizations and methodologies.[3]

Full timeline

Year Evaluation type Event Geographic location
1869 Self-evaluation Charity Organization Societies (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the Scientific Charity Movement. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.[1] England, Germany, United States
1941 Government regulation Form 990 is first used.[4] Form 990 is an Internal Revenue Service form that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes used by charity evaluation organizations. United States
1956 Resource Foundation Center is founded.[5] Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.[5][6] It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.[7][8] United States
1966 Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees The Hewlett Foundation is established.[9] In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"[10] and start the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative, a funder of many charity evaluation organizations.
1969 (estimated, no direct source) Resource The first edition of the Taft Foundation Reporter, an annual report with profiles of giving analyses of major private foundations in the United States, is published. The Taft Foundation Reporter would continue to be published annually, till at least 2010.[11][12] United States
1982 Resource The National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the Urban Institute.[13] NCCS is most famous for developing the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS[14] and by other resources and charity evaluators such as GuideStar[15] and Charity Navigator.[16] United States
1987 Publication The NonProfit Times, a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.[17][18] United States (New Jersey, but covers the whole country)
1988 Publication The Chronicle of Philanthropy is founded.[19] The Chronicle of Philanthropy is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.[19]
1992 Charity watchdog CharityWatch is founded as American Institute of Philanthropy.[20] CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.[21] United States
1994 Charity watchdog GuideStar, an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.[21][22] United States
1999 Consulting McKinsey & Company creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.[23] United States
2000 Consulting The Bridgespan Group is founded by Thomas Tierney, former Managing Director of Bain & Company.[23][24] Its goal is to provide management consulting to nonprofits and philanthropists.[23][24][25] Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.[23] United States (Boston)
2000 Consulting Faunalytics, a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.[26]
2000 Consulting FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as catalytic philanthropy.[27] FSG has also published documents such as Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact, which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.[25][28] United States (Boston)
2000 Charity watchdog Ministry Watch, an evangelical Christian organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded.
2001 Charity watchdog BBB Wise Giving Alliance adopts its current name.[29] The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. United States
2001 Charity watchdog Charity Navigator is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.[30] Charity Navigator is an American independent charity watchdog organization that evaluates charitable organizations in the United States.[31] United States
2001 Consulting The Center for Effective Philanthropy, a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.[32][33] United States (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
2002 Consulting, resource The idea behind Innovations for Poverty Action is first proposed by Dean Karlan to his graduate advisors Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Sendhil Mullainathan at MIT. IPA would work with many nonprofits, governments, and foundations on helping them evaluate their programs and publishing the findings. This would both help the nonprofits with prioritizing and improving their programs, and help inform donors and evaluators about the programs.
2002 Charity watchdog New Philanthropy Capital launches, founded by Goldman Sachs partners Gavyn Davies and Peter Wheeler.[34] New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.[23][35] United Kingdom (London)
2003 Publication First issue of the Stanford Social Innovation Review, a magazine-cum-website about social innovation, is published.[36] United States
2003 Consulting The Redstone Strategy Group, a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.[37] United States
2003 Consulting, resource The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) is founded by Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Sendhil Mullainathan. J-PAL would would work with many nonprofits, governments, and foundations on helping them evaluate their programs and publishing the findings. This would both help the nonprofits with prioritizing and improving their programs, and help inform donors and evaluators about the programs.
2005 Charity watchdog Intelligent Giving launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.[38] (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) United Kingdom (London)
2006 Charity watchdog Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the Hewlett Foundation that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.[39][40][41][42] It would also fund GiveWell.[43] The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014.
2006 Resource Center for High Impact Philanthropy is established at the University of Pennsylvania. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.[44] United States
Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s Social movement Effective altruism, a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.[45][46] Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia
2006 Charity watchdog Charity Intelligence Canada is conceived.[47] Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.[48][49] In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.[50] Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.[51][52] Canada
2007 Charity watchdog GreatNonprofits is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.[53] United States
2007 Charity watchdog GiveWell launches, founded by former Bridgewater Associates hedge fund analysts Holden Karnofsky and Elie Hassenfeld.[54] GiveWell is a non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization that focuses primarily on the cost-effectiveness of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on overhead.[55] In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.[56][57][58] United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in New York City, later moved to San Francisco
2008 Charity watchdog Philanthropedia launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert crowdsourcing resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.[59] In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.[60]
2008 Resource The International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) launches in September at the Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness held in Accra, Ghana.[61]:3[62] The IATI provides a standard XML schema which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations as of September 2016.[63]
2010 Charity watchdog Jumo is launched by Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes.[64][65] Jumo is a social networking service and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with GOOD in August 2011.[66] United States (Palo Alto, California)
2010–2011 Charity watchdog In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.[67] This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).[68] After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.[69]
2011 Charity controversy The Central Asia Institute undergoes controversy for allegations of poor financial conduct, raising questions about the ratings previously assigned to it by charity evaluators.[70][71]
2011 Charity watchdog/foundation Open Philanthropy Project (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between GiveWell (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on global health) and Good Ventures (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband Dustin Moskovitz, one of the co-founders of Facebook)[72] that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.[73][74] United States
2012 Charity watchdog Animal Charity Evaluators (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.[75] In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.[56] United States
2013 Publication Inside Philanthropy is launched by David Callahan.[76] The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.[77] United States
2014 Charity watchdog IDinsight, an organization that conducts randomized controlled trials and helps governments and nonprofits set up monitoring for their programs, receives its first grant from charity evaluator GiveWell.[78] This would be the first of many grants from GiveWell to IDinsight.[79] A GiveWell blog post in May 2017 would provide more detail on GiveWell's collaboration with IDinsight.[80]
2015 Charity watchdog ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist Dean Karlan and Elijah Goldberg.[81] ImpactMatters is incubated at Innovations for Poverty Action and conducts audits of nonprofits.[82] United States
2015 Resource The first version of the annually refreshed list of charity recommendations from Dylan Matthews at Vox is published. The list cites the recommendations of GiveWell and Animal Charity Evaluators, and also identifies meta-charities such as Innovations for Poverty Action and 80,000 Hours as possible charities to donate to.[83]
2016 Charity controversy In March, the Wounded Warrior Project fires top executives amid accusations of wasteful spending by the group.[84] The accusations had been reported in late January.[85] The revelations lead to discussion of the need for nonprofit transparency and accountability, and more care by donors.[86]
2016 Resource Giving What We Can stops updating its own research on cause areas and charities, instead deferrring to the work of J-PAL, GiveWell, and the Open Philanthropy Project.[87]
2016 Resource 80,000 Hours publishes its resource article on the best charity to donate to. The article would continue to be updated over the yearrs. It talks of the Effective Altruism Funds as well as the charity recommendations of GiveWell and Animal Charity Evaluators.
2018 Resource Around this time, Founders Pledge creates its research page that includes research reports on cause areas of interest to donors taking its pledge. Its first two reports are on climate change and mental health;[88] by the end of 2019, it would have expanded to 12 reports. Founders Pledge had advertised a position for a full-time researcher in December 2017.[89]
2019 Charity watchdog In March, GuideStar and Foundation Center announce their merger, and the combined organization is rebranded as Candid. (with a period at the end), to offer one of the largest data sources for people understanding nonprofits.[90][91] According to Nonprofit Quarterly: "it has been more than a decade since the two started getting to know each other in a way that acknowledged their linked purposes, and a full seven years since their merger discussions began. But, to be sure, it is a momentous occasion."[92]
2020 Acquisition Charity Navigator acquires ImpactMatters, a nonprofit ratings agency that "helps donors find high-impact giving opportunities". The acquisition is supported with US$375,000 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.[93][94]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of August 12, 2021.

Year "nonprofit evaluation"
2000 1
2002 1
2004 6
2006 10
2008 6
2010 11
2012 16
2014 16
2016 17
2018 4
2020 25
Nonprofit evaluation google schoolar.png

Google Trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for Nonprofit evaluation (Search term), from January 2004 to March 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[95]

Nonprofit evaluation gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Nonprofit evaluation, from 1950 to 2019.[96]

Nonprofit evaluation ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Charity assessment, from September 2017 to March 2021.[97]

Charity assessment wv.png


See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stuhler, Linda S. "Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies". Retrieved April 29, 2016. 
  2. ↑ Emma Saunders-Hastings (July 1, 2015). "The Logic of Effective Altruism". Boston Review. Retrieved July 17, 2016. 
  3. ↑ Matthews, Dylan (24 April 2015). "You have $8 billion. You want to do as much good as possible. What do you do?". Vox. Retrieved 12 March 2017. 
  4. ↑ Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones (2002). "G. Form 990" (PDF). Internal Revenue Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2016. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "About Foundation Center". Foundation Center. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  6. ↑ Teltsch, Kathleen (April 11, 1982). "INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  7. ↑ Abelson, Reed (March 29, 2000). "Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  8. ↑ Strom, Stephanie (March 30, 2009). "Foundation Giving in '08 Defied Huge Asset Decline". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  9. ↑ "William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation". Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  10. ↑ "Doing good today and better tomorrow" (PDF). The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program. 
  11. ↑ Foundation Reporter 1997: Comprehensive Profiles and Giving Analyses of America's Major Private Foundations (Annual) 28th Edition. Retrieved March 18, 2017. 
  12. ↑ "Foundation Reporter (Taft Foundation Reporter) 42nd Edition". Retrieved March 18, 2017. 
  13. ↑ "About NCCS". National Center for Charitable Statistics. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  14. ↑ "Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code". Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  15. ↑ "National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System". GuideStar. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  16. ↑ "Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League". Charity Navigator. Retrieved June 26, 2016.  (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)
  17. ↑ "Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat". New York Times. November 20, 2000. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  18. ↑ Meier, Barry (December 2, 1989). "CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Doty, Cate (September 10, 2007). "Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut". New York Times. 
  20. ↑ "American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch". Double the Donation. December 21, 2013. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Watchdogging the charity watchdogs". Seattle Times. December 29, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  22. ↑ "GuideStar History". Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 "Virtue's intermediaries", The Economist, February 23, 2006, retrieved August 21, 2013 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice", The New York Times, November 10, 2008, retrieved August 21, 2013 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms". Stanford University. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  26. ↑ "Che Green". Faunalytics. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  27. ↑ "Our Story". FSG. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  28. ↑ "Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations". Foundation Center. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  29. ↑ O'Donnell, Jayne (December 27, 2012). "BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire". Retrieved April 25, 2016. 
  30. ↑ "Video: The History of Charity Navigator". Charity Navigator. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  31. ↑ Strom, Stephanie (November 27, 2010). "To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  32. ↑ "Phil Buchanan". The Center for Effective Philanthropy. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  33. ↑ Strom, Stephanie (April 23, 2004). "Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  34. ↑ "Our history". New Philanthropy Capital. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  35. ↑ Butler, Patrick (August 1, 2007). "Full stop missing on child abuse". The Guardian. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  36. ↑ "Spring 2003 Issue". Stanford Social Innovation Review. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  37. ↑ "Redstone Strategy Group Llc". Bloomberg. 
  38. ↑ "How to Give". The Spectator. Retrieved 24 July 2014. 
  39. ↑ Harold, Jacob (August 5, 2014). "Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". Retrieved December 6, 2015. 
  40. ↑ Karnofsky, Holden (August 5, 2014). "Thoughts on the End of Hewlett's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". GiveWell. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  41. ↑ "Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving". Chronicle of Philanthropy. April 3, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  42. ↑ Twersky, Fay (April 4, 2014). "Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  43. ↑ Karnofsky, Holden (August 5, 2014). "Thoughts on the End of Hewlett's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". 
  44. ↑ "About". Center for High Impact Philanthropy. Retrieved 2012-12-05. 
  45. ↑ Singer, Peter (April 1, 2015). "The Most Good You Can Do". The Life You Can Save. Retrieved April 11, 2015. 
  46. ↑ Cowen, Tyler (August 16, 2015). "Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  47. ↑ "Our Story". Charity Intelligence Canada. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  48. ↑ "Audited Financial Statements". Charity Intelligence Canada. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  49. ↑ "Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.". The Star. November 15, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  50. ↑ Waldie, Paul (September 24, 2012). "Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  51. ↑ "Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average". CBC News. November 4, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  52. ↑ Brownell, Claire (December 12, 2014). "Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations". Financial Post. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  53. ↑ "The Story of GreatNonprofits". GreatNonprofits. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  54. ↑ "Our Story". GiveWell. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  55. ↑ Stephanie Strom (December 20, 2007). "2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy". The New York Times. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Matthews, Dylan (December 1, 2015). "These are the charities where your money will do the most good". Vox. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  57. ↑ Ron Lieber (April 25, 2014). "Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work". The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2016. 
  58. ↑ Linch Zhang (June 21, 2016). "How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You". The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2016. 
  59. ↑ Cuberta, Phil. "Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now". 50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy. Gift Hub. Retrieved 21 December 2012. 
  60. ↑ Deyan (March 17, 2011). "Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia". My Philanthropedia. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  61. ↑ Davies, Ian C.; Brümmer, Julia; Vaca, Sara; Weiss, Lauren (October 2015). "Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved September 11, 2016. 
  62. ↑ Claudia Schwegmann (January 17, 2013). ""My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI."". Space for Transparency. Retrieved September 9, 2016. 
  63. ↑ "Welcome - IATI Registry". Retrieved September 6, 2016. 
  64. ↑ Jenna Wortham (2010-11-30). "2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-01. 
  65. ↑ Brenna Ehrlich (2010-12-01). "Facebook Co-Founder Launches Social Network for Social Good, Jumo". Retrieved 2010-12-23. 
  66. ↑ Chris Hughes, Jumo and GOOD Combine Forces to Create Content and Social Engagement Platform, Jumo blog, August 17, 2011
  67. ↑ Ken Berger (July 1, 2010). "Charity Navigator Expands Rating Methodology". Charitiy Navigator. Retrieved 15 September 2010. 
  68. ↑ "Where We Are Headed (2013 and Beyond)". charitynavigator.org. Retrieved 6 July 2015. 
  69. ↑ Berger, Ken (2011-09-20). "Ken's Commentary: CN 2.0: More Knowledge, More Good". Kenscommentary.org. Retrieved 2012-01-05. 
  70. ↑ Schimmelpfennig, Saundra (13 May 2011). "Donors Need a Better Way to Rate Charities". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved 12 March 2017. 
  71. ↑ Givewell.org, "Three Cups of Tea scandal: why we had the right bottom line on the Central Asia Institute", Holden Karnofsky , April 25, 2011, Accessed January 13, 2013.
  72. ↑ David Callahan (December 14, 2015). "How Does an Emerging "Army" of Tech Donors Think? Ask This Guy". Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved March 20, 2016. 
  73. ↑ Karnofsky, Holden. "Open Philanthropy Project (formerly GiveWell Labs)". GiveWell. 
  74. ↑ Martin, Sydney (September 5, 2015). "Open Philanthropy Project". Retrieved April 9, 2016. 
  75. ↑ "About". Animal Charity Evaluators. Retrieved September 5, 2015. 
  76. ↑ "Inside Philanthropy". CrunchBase. Retrieved August 30, 2015. 
  77. ↑ "Challenging The Big Funders: Philanthropy Startup Targets Billionaires And Their Giving". Forbes. Retrieved August 30, 2015. 
  78. ↑ "IDinsight—Scaling Up a High-Potential Development Intervention". GiveWell. September 1, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2017. 
  79. ↑ "IDinsight donations received". Retrieved May 6, 2017. 
  80. ↑ Hollander, Catherine (May 4, 2017). "Why GiveWell is partnering with IDinsight". GiveWell. Retrieved May 6, 2017. 
  81. ↑ Zach Groff (December 11, 2015). "Announcing ImpactMatters: Auditing Charity Impact across Causes". Effective Altruism Forum. 
  82. ↑ Annie Duflo (December 11, 2015). "IPA Incubates New Nonprofit Organization ImpactMatters". Innovations for Poverty Action. 
  83. ↑ "These are the charities where your money will do the most good. You can save lives with your giving. Here's how.". Vox. December 25, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2019. 
  84. ↑ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (March 10, 2016). "Wounded Warrior Project executives fired amid controversy". Washington Post. Retrieved March 12, 2017. 
  85. ↑ Phillipps, Dave (January 27, 2016). "Wounded Warrior Project Spends Lavishly on Itself, Insiders Say". New York Times. Retrieved March 12, 2017. 
  86. ↑ Tsipursky, Gleb (March 15, 2016). "The Wounded Warrior Project Scandal Should Encourage More Philanthropy". Time Magazine. Retrieved March 12, 2017. 
  87. ↑ "Climate Change". Giving What We Can. Retrieved November 11, 2019. 
  88. ↑ Halstead, John (July 11, 2018). "New research on effective climate charities". Effective Altruism Forum. Retrieved November 11, 2019. 
  89. ↑ "We're hiring! Founders Pledge is seeking a new researcher". Effective Altruism Forum. December 18, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2019. 
  90. ↑ Clolery, Paul (February 5, 2019). "Foundation Center, GuideStar Merge, Creating Mega Data Portal". The Nonprofit Times. Retrieved April 11, 2020. 
  91. ↑ Gunther, Marc (February 5, 2019). "2 Information Giants, Foundation Center and GuideStar, to Join Forces". Retrieved April 11, 2020. 
  92. ↑ McCambridge, Ruth (February 5, 2019). "Candid: The Foundation Center/GuideStar Merger's Noteworthy Process". Nonprofit Quarterly. Retrieved April 11, 2020. 
  93. ↑ "Charity Navigator Acquires ImpactMatters". thenonprofittimes.com. Retrieved 27 November 2020. 
  94. ↑ "ImpactMatters Launches New Nonprofit Ratings Service to Help Donors Identify High-Impact Nonprofits Ahead of Giving Tuesday". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 27 November 2020. 
  95. ↑ "Nonprofit evaluation". Google Trends. Retrieved 24 March 2021. 
  96. ↑ "Nonprofit evaluation". books.google.com. Retrieved 24 March 2021. 
  97. ↑ "Charity assessment". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 12 April 2021. 
Retrieved from "http://timelines.issarice.com/index.php?title=Timeline_of_nonprofit_evaluation&oldid=79157"