Difference between revisions of "Template:Reflist/doc"

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(technical, not what normal editor needs to know)
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There are no ''required'' parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated. Optional parameters are:
 
There are no ''required'' parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated. Optional parameters are:
−
* Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in [[em (typography)#CSS|em]]s. Syntax (for example) {{para||30em}} with no space (i.e. not {{para||30 em}}). [[#Practices|Suggested values]] are discussed below.
+
* Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in [[em (typography)#CSS|em]]s. Syntax (for example) {{para||30em}} with no space (i.e. not {{para||30 em}}).
 
* '''refs''': used with {{ldr}}.
 
* '''refs''': used with {{ldr}}.
 
* '''group''': identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{tlx|Reflist|2=group=groupname}} renders all references with groupname as the group name ({{tag|ref|o|params=group=groupname}}). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See [[#Grouped references|§ Grouped references]] below.
 
* '''group''': identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{tlx|Reflist|2=group=groupname}} renders all references with groupname as the group name ({{tag|ref|o|params=group=groupname}}). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See [[#Grouped references|§ Grouped references]] below.
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===Columns===
 
===Columns===
 
:''Browser support: Internet Explorer 10+, Firefox 2+, Chrome 4+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 11.1+''
 
:''Browser support: Internet Explorer 10+, Firefox 2+, Chrome 4+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 11.1+''
−
{{tlx|Reflist|30em}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30 [[Em (typography)|em]], in this example) given the width of the display window. Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references. ([http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#length-units Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px], but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit.
+
{{tlx|Reflist|30em}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30 [[Em (typography)|em]], in this example) given the width of the display window. ([http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#length-units Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px], but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit.
  
−
The syntax {{tlx|Reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width ''regardless of the available display width'', is deprecated (and is disabled for mobile view).
+
Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references:
−
 
+
* single column (default when no width is specified): Where there are only a few {{fnote}}; see {{oldid|Silver State Arena|530211388#References|Silver State Arena (23:05, 28 December 2012)}}
−
====Practices====
 
−
The number of columns to use is up to the editor, but some major practices include:
 
−
* 1 column (default): Where there are only a few {{fnote}}; see {{oldid|Silver State Arena|530211388#References|Silver State Arena (23:05, 28 December 2012)}}
 
 
* 30em: Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see {{oldid|Ebola virus disease|561190497#References|Ebola virus disease (06:28, 23 June 2013)}}
 
* 30em: Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see {{oldid|Ebola virus disease|561190497#References|Ebola virus disease (06:28, 23 June 2013)}}
 
* 20em: Where {{sfnote}} are used; see {{oldid|NBR 224 and 420 Classes|442508215#Notes|NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011)}}.
 
* 20em: Where {{sfnote}} are used; see {{oldid|NBR 224 and 420 Classes|442508215#Notes|NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011)}}.
  
−
====Examples====
+
====Example====
 
{{markup|title=20em wide columns
 
{{markup|title=20em wide columns
 
|<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
 
|<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
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{{Reflist|20em}}<!-- note 20em used here for illustration purposes because a real 30em wouldn't columnize in the "renders as" part on normal-sized screens -->
 
{{Reflist|20em}}<!-- note 20em used here for illustration purposes because a real 30em wouldn't columnize in the "renders as" part on normal-sized screens -->
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
The syntax {{tlx|Reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width ''regardless of the available display width'', is deprecated (and is disabled for mobile view).
  
 
===List-defined references===
 
===List-defined references===

Revision as of 15:45, 2 December 2016

This citation template provides formatting and organizational features for footnotes. It encapsulates the <references /> tag used by the Cite.php MediaWiki extension to show the list of references as defined by <ref> tags. It adds support for a reduced font size, columns, groups and List-defined references.

Parameters

There are no required parameters; if none are supplied, a single-column list will be generated. Optional parameters are:

  • Unnamed parameter (must be the first one if used): the minimum width for each column of references, typically in ems. Syntax (for example) |30em with no space (i.e. not |30 em).
  • refs: used with List-defined references.
  • group: identifies by name the subset of references to be rendered; the value should correspond to that used inline, e.g., {{Reflist|group=groupname}} renders all references with groupname as the group name (<ref group=groupname>). There are five pre-defined group names that style the list differently. See § Grouped references below.
  • liststyle: specifies the style used when the reference list is rendered. The default is a numbered list. When set, it will override the style set by the |group= parameter, without affecting group functionality. See § List styles below.

Usage

Using only footnote-style references
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
Using only bibliographical style references (no direct references from the text)
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* reference 1
* reference 2
{{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

References
  • reference 1
  • reference 2
</dl>
Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}
* reference 1
* reference 2
{{Refend}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  • reference 1
  • reference 2
</dl>

Columns

Browser support: Internet Explorer 10+, Firefox 2+, Chrome 4+, Safari 3.1+, Opera 11.1+

{{Reflist|30em}} (for example) instructs the browser to create as many columns as possible (of width at least 30 em, in this example) given the width of the display window. (Units supported are em, ex, in, cm, mm, pt, pc, px, but em is almost always used.) There must not be a space between the number and the unit.

Choose a width appropriate to the typical width of the references:

Example

20em wide columns
Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

Lorem ipsum.[1] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[2] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[3] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[4] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.[5]

References
  1. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  2. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  3. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  4. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.
  5. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.

The syntax {{Reflist|2}} (for example), which specifies two columns of equal width regardless of the available display width, is deprecated (and is disabled for mobile view).

List-defined references

Further information: Help:List-defined references

A list of references may be defined within {{Reflist}} using the |refs= parameter, just like including named <ref name="...">...</ref> elements inside the <references>...</references> container.

Example

Markup Renders as 
This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" />
This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" />

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="refname1">content1</ref>
<ref name="refname2">content2</ref>
}}

This is reference 1.[decimal 1] This is reference 2.[decimal 2]

References
  1. ↑ content1
  2. ↑ content2

Grouped references

For more details on this topic, see WP:REFGROUP.

References can be grouped into separate sections (for explanatory notes, table references, and the like) via group=:

<ref group=groupname>

where groupname is (for example) notes or sources. The group name need not be enclosed in quotes; this differs from the footnote marker where quotes are required if the group name includes a space.

Each group used in the article must have a matching reference list:

{{Reflist|group=groupname}}

Predefined groups

For more details on this topic, see H:PREGROUP.

There are predefined group names that automatically set the labels in the footnote markers and the reference list to other styles. Thus, setting {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} will set the group to lower-alpha and will style the reference list with lower alpha characters. The matching footnote marker can be formed by <ref group=lower-alpha>...</ref>. This is made easier by a series of templates to set the group/label styles for the footnote marker and the reference list: {{#section:Help:Footnotes|pregrouptable}}

List styles

For technical details, see Help:Cite link labels.

As noted in § Predefined groups, there are predefined groups that automatically add list styling. Using the listed templates is more convenient than using |liststyle=.

Reference lists are by default numbered lists. By using the |liststyle= parameter, you can control how the list is rendered. For example, using |liststyle=upper-roman will result in references being labeled with Roman numerals instead of decimal numbers. The parameter accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type as shown below.

It is possible to use |liststyle= so that the labels for the footnote marker and the reference list marker differ. This should be used with care as it can be confusing to readers. For example:

Markup Renders as 
<ref group=note>Reference</ref>

{{Reflist|group=note|liststyle=lower-alpha}}

[note 1]

  1. ↑ Reference

Interaction with images

  1. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification". W3C. December 7, 2010. 
  2. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification". W3C. April 11, 2008. 

In the unusual case of an image being placed to the left of a reference list, layout problems may occur on some browsers. This can be prevented by using the columns feature.

Technical details

Font size

The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers.[1] As of December 21, 2010, the standard <references /> tag has the same font styling. The smaller font may be disabled through Preferences → Gadgets → Disable smaller font sizes of elements such as Infoboxes, Navboxes and References lists.

Browser support for columns

CSS3 multiple-column layout browser support
Property Internet
Explorer 		Firefox Safari Chrome Opera
column-width
column-count 		≥ 10
(2012) 		≥ 1.5
(2005) 		≥ 3
(2007) 		≥ 1
(2008) 		≥ 11.1
(2011)
columns ≥ 10
(2012) 		≥ 9
(2011) 		≥ 3
(2007) 		≥ 1
(2008) 		≥ 11.1
(2011)
break-before
break-after
break-inside 		≥ 10
(2012) 		No No No ≥ 11.1
(2011)

Multiple columns are generated by using CSS3, which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns with {{Reflist}}.[2][3]

These browsers support CSS3 columns:

These browsers do not support CSS3 columns:

  • Microsoft Trident-based browsers including Internet Explorer through to version 9[4]
  • Opera through to version 11

Widows and orphans

The use of columns can result in widows and orphans, where a citation at the bottom of a column may be split to the top of the next column. MediaWiki:Common.css includes CSS rules to prevent list items from breaking between columns. Widows may still show in extreme circumstances, such as a reference list formatted in columns where only a single reference is defined.

Markup Renders as 
Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

==References==
{{Reflist|10em}}

Lorem ipsum.[5] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.

References
  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named fontsize
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named stuffandnonsense
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named w3org1
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named msdn
  5. ↑ Source name, access date, etc.

Supporting CSS

{{Reflist}} uses a CSS rule in MediaWiki:Common.css to set the font size:

  • div.reflist { font-size: 90%; }

One of the following classes is assigned by the template when either column count or column width is set:

  • .references-column-count and .references-column-count-n (where n is the number of columns)
  • .references-column-width

The following CSS properties are utilized using the {{column-count}} and {{column-width}} templates:

  • column-count CSS3 standard
  • column-width CSS3 standard
  • -moz-column-count Mozilla CSS extension
  • -moz-column-width Mozilla CSS extension
  • -webkit-column-count Webkit CSS extension
  • -webkit-column-width Webkit CSS extension

Customizing the view

Further information: Help:Reference display customization

By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From Preferences, select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users) for more help.

Font size

The font size for all reference lists defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add:

<source lang="css"> ol.references, div.reflist, div.refbegin { 

 font-size: 90%;

} </source>

Change 90% to the desired size.

Columns

To disable columns, add:

<source lang="css"> .references-column-count, .references-column-width { 

 -moz-column-count: 1 !important;
 -moz-column-width: auto !important;
 -webkit-column-count: 1 !important;
 -webkit-column-width: auto !important;
 column-count: 1 !important;
 column-width: auto !important;

} </source>

Similarly, to force all reference lists to a certain number of columns, change the number to the desired amount.

Column dividers

To add dividers (rules) between columns, add:

<source lang="css"> .references-column-count, .references-column-width { 

 -moz-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
 -webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
 column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;

} </source>

You can alter the appearance of the dividers by changing the values.

Perennial suggestions

Collapsing and scrolling

There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at MOS:SCROLL. Links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.

To display the reference list in a scrollbox or collapsed per user, see Help:Reference display customization.

For discussion on previous attempts to do this with a template, see the discussions for Scrollref and Refbox.

Including the section title

There have been suggestions to include section header markup such as ==References==. This is inadvisable because:

Obsolete parameters

These parameters are obsolete:

  • colwidth: same as specifying a column-width for the first unnamed parameter, replace by width as unnamed first parameter.
  • close: Until 2014 the parameter |close=1 was used to work around a bug involving multiple uses of {{Reflist}} on the same page, remove.

Template data

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools.

See the monthly error report for this template.

TemplateData for Reflist

<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays the list of footnotes at the end of an article and provides additional formatting and organizing options. After hitting \"Apply changes\" and turning back to VE read mode, you will not see the references list. After hitting \"Save page\" and turning back to normal read mode the reference list will reappear with the changes applied, see T53146.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Columns / Column width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Two modes supported. First mode (deprecated): integer number of fixed columns into which the reference list is to be rendered. Second mode: typographic unit of measurement such as 'em', specifying the width for the reference list columns, e.g. '33em'; spaced '33 em' will not be recognized", "default": "1", "aliases": [ "colwidth" ] }, "liststyle": { "label": "Liststyle", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Specifies the style used when the reference list is enumerated; accepts any valid CSS value defined for list-style-type", "default": "decimal" }, "group": { "label": "Group", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Group is an identifier which restricts the references that are shown. Without this parameter, this template only shows references with no group identifier. With a group identifier specified, only references with a matching group identifier are handled. The rest are left alone." }, "refs": { "label": "List of references", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Provides a space to define named references for use in the article. References defined in this space are not shown unless used somewhere in the article." } } } </templatedata>

See also

Variants

References

Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "" which does not appear in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "" which does not appear in prior text.
Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "" which does not appear in prior text.

Cite error: <ref> tag defined in <references> has group attribute "" which does not appear in prior text.
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