Timeline of wikis

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This is a timeline of wikis.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
1995–2002 Wiki sites First period in the history of wikis, in which the only people who could use wikis are those who can set up their own server, install the software, and get a wiki engine running.[1]
2002 – 2006 Wikis become accessible for the general population. Many different groups of people with various motivations get together to create hosted wikis, which are wiki engines that are installed and hosted on public servers, removing the administration burden associated with running one's own. However, the growth of wikis is severely limited during this period, as the only way one could use a wiki is to first set up a wiki engine on a server. This means that to use a wiki, one has to have access to a server that is available through the Internet as well as the skills to set up and run a wiki engine.[1] "From 2004 to 2006, something dramatic changed. Entrepreneurs noticed the market opportunity for providing hosted wikis (also known as wiki farms) that allowed people to create wikis without needing their own server or special skills. With a hosted wiki, anyone can get started right away. All you need to know is how to create and edit wiki pages, which is much easer than setting up a wiki engine."[1]

Full timeline

Year Month and date Event type Details
1945 In an essay in Atlantic Monthly titled As We May Think, Bush describes an imaginary future user interface: "Before him are the two items to be joined, projected onto adjacent viewing positions… The user taps a single key, and the items are permanently joined… Thereafter, at any time, when one of these items is in view, the other can be instantly recalled merely by tapping a button below the corresponding code space. Moreover, when numerous items have been thus joined together to form a trail, they can be reviewed in turn…".[2] " HyperCard in turn drew upon an idea suggested by Vannevar Bush in his 1945 Atlantic Monthly article “As We May Think.” There Bush envisioned the memex, a machine that would allow readers to annotate and create links between articles and books recorded on microfilm. HyperCard’s “stacks” implemented a version of Bush’s vision, but the program relied upon the user to create both the text and the links. For example, one might take a musical score of a symphony and annotate different sections with different cards linked together."[3]
1972 Prelude Swedish-Brazilian information scientist Kristo Ivanov publishes a PhD dissertation on Quality-control of information, containing a theoretical basis for what corresponds to the wiki-idea, in terms of systemic social interaction.[4]
1972 Prelude Researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University develop the ZOG multi-user database system, which is an indirect precursor of the wiki concept.[5]
1981 Prelude Two members of the ZOG team, Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn, spin off a company from CMU and develop an improved version of ZOG called Knowledge Management System (KMS). KMS is a collaborative tool based on direct manipulation, permitting users to modify the contents of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to other frames.
1985 Prelude Xerox releases the NoteCards. Developed by Frank Halasz at Xerox Parc, it is a system featuring typed objects and links. Each piece of hypertext (a "card") is placed in a separate window on the screen.[6][7]
1985 Prelude Janet Walker creates the Symbolics Document Examiner, to make all documentation for the Symbolics computer electronically available through hypertext.[7]
1987 Prelude Bill Atkinson releases HyperCard, which is probably the most wiki-like thing having existed before wikis. Created for organizing information, it is distributed with every Macintosh computer sold.[1] HyperCard would inspire the invention of wikis.[8]
1990 Prelude British scientist Tim Berners-Lee of CERN invents the World Wide Web, which was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.[9]
1991 Tim Berners-Lee posts a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup, marking the debut of the Web as a publicly available service on the Internet.
1992 May ViolaWWW is released as a graphical browser providing features such as embedded graphics, scripting, and animation.
1993 April 30 CERN makes the source code of WorldWideWeb available on a royalty-free basis, making it free software.[10]
1993 The Mosaic graphical browser is introduced, gaining wide popularity due to its strong support of integrated multimedia.
1994 Ward Cunningham starts developing the WikiWikiWeb as a supplement to the Portland Pattern Repository, a website containing documentation about software design patterns, a particular approach to object-oriented programming.[11]
1995 March 25 Cunningham's WikiWikiWeb officially starts as the first ever wiki site. It is founded as an automated supplement to the PortlandPatternRepository.[11] "On March 25, 1995, a computer programmer named Ward Cunningham premiered what he called “WikiWikiWeb” on his website, c2.com. The “wiki” part was inspired by the Wiki Wiki Shuttle service at the Honolulu airport—wiki is the Hawaiian word for “quick.” The program was meant to help share knowledge about software design patterns among developers, and worked inside a user’s browser. It also included built-in edit tracking, which implied that article changes were worth preserving and discussing."[12]
1995 May 1 Ward Cunningham sends an email about WikiWikiWeb to a number of programmers, which cause an increase in participation.[11] "“Friends,” Cunningham wrote in a May 1, 1995, email, “I've always been interested in the way programming ideas are carried by people as they move between projects … I've put together a new database to give the project [of documenting ideas about making programs work] another try. You can help.”"[12]
1995 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces RecentVisitors and PeopleIndex as pages to help users know who is contributing.[13]
1995 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces NotSoRecentChanges, which consist in excess lines from the RecentChanges page being copied to a file of “ChangesIn”.[13]
1996 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces EditCopy, which offers the possibility to edit the backup copy of a page (this would be replaced in 2002 with Page History).[13]
1996 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces ThreadMode, the form of a page where community members hold a discussion, each signing their own contribution.[13]
1996 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces WikiCategories, allowing the creation of categories which can be added as an automatic index to pages. The use of categories is proposed by user Stan Silver on August 27.[14] His initial post suggested: "If everyone adds a category and topic to their page, then the category and topic pages themselves can be used as automatic indexes into the pages."[15]
1997 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces RoadMaps, which consists in proposed lists of pages to consult about specific topics, such as the Algorithms RoadMap or the Leadership RoadMap.[13]
1998 Background Computer scientist Marius Amado Alves creates the CasBah (Collective Authoring System Based on Hypertext), an independent invention of the wiki.[5] Implemented as a CGI program written in Ada, it has minimal wiki-like behaviour.[16]
1999 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces ChangeSummary as an aid to telling which changes added interesting new content and which were only minor.[13]
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces UserName, which allows a cookie that specifies a User Name to be used in place of the host name (IP identity) in the RecentChanges log.[13]
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces NewNotification.
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces LikePages and VisualTour.
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces PageDeletion.
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces SisterSites.
2000 Feature introduction WikiWikiWeb introduces QuickChanges.
2001 January Wiki launch The website Wikipedia, a free content encyclopedia, is launched.
2001 April 3 Literature Ward Cunningham and user Bo Leuf publish a book, The Wiki Way, which distills the lessons learned during the collective experience of the first wiki.[17]
2001 Wiki software launch JSPWiki is created by Janne Jalkanen.[18] It is a WikiWiki clone, written in Java and JSP.[19]
2002 January Wiki software launch PmWiki is created in PHP by Patrick Michaud.[20] It is a wiki-based content-management system (CMS) for collaborative creation and maintenance of websites.[21]
2002 February 26 Wiki launch Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español is launched as a Spanish-language wiki-based online encyclopedia.[22]
2002 December 12 Wiki launch Wiktionary is launched.[23] Available in over 150 languages, it is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary. Its volunteers are dubbed "Wiktionarians".[24]
2002 Wiki software launch TikiWiki is created in PHP by Luis Argerich.[25] It would be later renamed "Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware", or simply "Tiki".
2002 December Organization Socialtext is founded[26] as a company offering professional, web-based wiki service that lets users collaborate among them in their projects.[27] In 2012 it would be acquired by Bedford Funding, becoming subsidiary.[28]
2003 July 10 Wiki launch Wikibooks is launched in response to a request made by Karl Wick, a Wikipedia contributor seeking for a project to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics. It is a project from Wikimedia for collaboratively writing open-content textbooks.[29][30]
2003 July Wiki launch Wikiquote is launched.[1] It is a free compendium of sourced quotations from notable people and creative works in every language, translations of non-English quotes, and links to Wikipedia for further information.[31]
2003 July Wiki launch Wikitravel is launched.[32] It is a wiki project aimed to create free, complete, up-to-date and reliable world-wide travel guide.[33]
2003 November 24 Wiki launch Wikisource is launched.[34] It is a free human-curated online digital library, hosting out-of-copyright & public domain texts, and also CC-Zero, CC-BY and CC-BY-SA licensed texts.[35]
2004 February WikiWikiWeb introduces RecentPosts.[11]
2004 February Wiki software launch Trac is launched. Created by Edgewall Software, it is an open source bug tracking and project management application, with wiki functionality.[36]
2004 March Wiki software launch Confluence is launched. It is created by Atlassian.[36]
2004 April Wiki launch TV Tropes is launched.
2004 July Wiki software launch DokuWiki is launched. It is an open-source application intended for small companies' documentation needs.[36]
2004 September 7 Wiki launch Media file repository Wikimedia Commons is launched.[37] It offers public domain and freely licensed educational media content, including images, sound and video clips to everyone, in their own language.[38]
2004 September Wiki launch Wikispecies is launched.
2004 September Wiki software launch FlexWiki is launched by Microsoft as an open source application.[39] Written primarily by David Ornstein, FlexWiki uses .NET technology and has an integrated scripting language called WikiTalk (based on Smalltalk). It stores content in either text files or a SQL Server database.[40] Though generally well-received, FlexWiki would fail to become popular and would be discontinued in December 2008.[36]
2004 October MinorEdits checkbox is removed.
2004 October Wiki software launch JotSpot is launched. Created by JotSpot, Inc. JotSpot would be bought by Google in 2006 for an undisclosed amount; Google would later release the technology, in modified form, as Google Sites in 2008.[36]
2004 October Wiki launch Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley, a member of the Wikimedia Foundation board, launch Wikicities.[41] In 2006 Wikicities would change its name to Wikia.[42]
2004 November 8 Wiki launch Wikinews is launched.[43] A project of the Wikimedia Foundation, it is a free-content news wiki.[44]
2004 November 23 Wiki launch Memory Alpha is launched.
2005 January 5 Wiki launch Uncyclopedia is launched. In July 2006, it would be acquired by Fandom, then known as Wikia.[45]
2005 January 15 Wiki launch wikiHow is launched.[46]
2005 January Wiki launch WikiAnswers is launched. It would be rebranded Answers.com.
2005 February 7 Wiki launch Fallout Wiki is launched as The Vault by Polish translator Paweł Dembowski. It is a wiki about the Fallout fictional universe. In 2007, it would move to Wikia.[47]
2005 March 4 Wiki launch Wookieepedia is launched.
2005 June 19 Wiki launch Baike.com is launched.
2005 September 6 Literature Anja Ebersbach, Markus Glaser and Richard Heigl publish Wiki: Web Collaboration.[48]
2006 March Wikicities changes its name to Wikia.[42]
2006 April 6 Wiki launch LyricWiki is launched.
2006 April Wiki software launch SamePage is created by eTouch Systems.[36]
2006 April Wiki launch Major Chinese wiki encyclopedia Baidu Baike is launched.[36]
2006 April Acquisition Internet Brands purchases the sites WikiTravel and World66.[36]
2006 May 9 Wiki launch AboutUs.com is launched.
2006 May 24 Wiki launch Wikimapia is launched.
2006 June Wiki software launch Redmine is launched as an open source application similar to Trac.[36]
2006 June Literature Jane Klobas and Angela Beesley publish Books on Google Play Wikis: Tools for Information Work and Collaboration.[49]
2006 July Wiki software launch DekiWiki is launched an open source application created by MindTouch, Inc.[50] It starts as a fork of MediaWiki, but is then significantly rewritten before its release. DekiWiki would be later renamed to "Deki," then "w:MindTouch Core".
2006 Wiki launch United States Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte unveils Intellipedia, a secure, online site available only to intelligence analysts and officials with the proper clearance, and used to share information among the country’s 16 intelligence agencies.[1]
2006 August 15 Wiki launch Wikiversity is launched[51] as an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.[30]
2006 September Wikia reaches approximately 1,500 wikis in 48 languages.[52]
2006 October Acquisition Google acquires JotSpot, a commercially developed wiki, which would be added to Google’s core offerings of mail, calendar, and shared documents sometime in 2007.[1]
2006 October 26 Wiki launch Metapedia is launched.
2006 November Wiki launch Chinese wiki encyclopedia Hudong is launched.[36]
2006 November 21 Wiki launch Conservapedia is launched.[53]
2006 December Wiki launch Clearspace is launched. Created by Jive Software, it would be later renamed "Jive SBS," then "Jive Engage" and then Jive.[36]
2006 December Wiki launch Sunshine Press launches the wikiLeaks.org website, as part of an international non-profit organization that obtains and publishes sensitive information.[54][55]
2006 December Wiki launch Wikivoyage is created as a non-commercial travel wiki by some former WikiTravel authors and administrators.[36]
2007 January Wiki launch Amazon.com releases Amapedia, a product-review wiki on its own website. It would be shut down in June 2010.
2007 January Project launch DBpedia is launched as a project to publish structured data from Wikipedia in machine-readable, queriable form. By 2008, it would become a major component of the Linked Data initiative.[56]
2007 February Wiki launch Penguin Books launches a wiki to create the planned novel A Million Penguins, in a well-publicized experiment at creating a crowd-generated novel. The wiki would be shut down a month later, not having created a coherent work.[57]
2007 Wiki launch ShoutWiki, a wiki farm, is founded.[58] It is an alternative to Wikia.
2007 March Concept development The word "wiki" enters the Oxford English Dictionary.[59]
2007 March Wiki launch Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia, launches Citizendium[60], an "expert-guided" encyclopedia wiki requiring participants to use their real names.
2007 May 22 Wiki launch RationalWiki is launched.[61]
2007  ? Wiki launch Proteopedia is launched.
2007 October Wiki launch Wiki becomes a OnePileFilingSystem.
2007 December 6 Literature Mark S. Choate publishes Professional Wikis.[62]
2008  ? WikiTree is launched.
2008 August Controversy United States presidential candidate John McCain is accused of plagiarizing Wikipedia in a speech about Georgia.
2008 September Wiki launch Catawiki is launched.
2008 November Literature Matthew Barton, Robert Cummings and Matt Barton publish Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom.[63]
2008 December Literature James A. West and Margaret L. West publish Using Wikis for Online Collaboration: The Power of the Read-Write Web.[64]
2009 January The Polymath Project begins.
2009 April Tricki is launched as a wiki aimed to store tricks and strategies for proving mathematical results.[65]
2010 May Wiki launch Google Wave is released to the general public.[66]
2010 May Wiki launch TermWiki is launched.
2010 August Wiki launch Open protein structure annotation network (TOPSAN) is launched as a wiki designed to collect, share and distribute information about protein three-dimensional structures.[67]
2010 October 20 Wiki launch Wowpedia is launched.
2010 December Wiki software launch Wiki functionality is added to the SAP NetWeaver Portal application.
2011 February Literature Dan Woods and Peter Thoeny publish Wikis For Dummies.[68]
2011 Wiki software launch A wiki application, named Phriction, is added to the open-source collaboration suite Phabricator.
2012 Wiki launch Another MediaWiki-based wiki farm, MyWikis, is launched.
2013 January 15 Wiki launch Wikimedia-hosted Wikivoyage is launched on the 12th anniversary of Wikipedia's founding.
2014 September 11 Wiki launch Vienna History Wiki is launched.
2014 December Wiki launch Everipedia is launched.
2015 April 17 Wiki launch Namuwiki is launched.
2016 January 25 Wikia launches a new entertainment news site named Fandom.[69]
2016 October Rebranding Wikia.com is rebranded as Fandom.[70] Wikia.com is renamed "Fandom powered by Wikia", to better associate itself with the Fandom website. Wikia, Inc. remains under its current name, and the homepage of Wikia.com is moved to wikia.com/fandom.[45]
2017 March 12 Wiki launch Timelines Wiki is launched by Issa Rice.[71] It is a wiki storing timelines on various topics.[72]
2017 October 30 Wiki launch WikiTribune is launched.

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

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What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Woods, Dan; Thoeny, Peter (8 February 2011). Wikis For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-05066-8. 
  2. ↑ "As We May Think - The Atlantic (July 1945)". web.archive.org. 24 February 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2022. 
  3. ↑ "wiki | Definition & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  4. ↑ "Quality-control of information". informatik.umu.se. Retrieved 1 September 2022. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Wiki Wiki Origin". wiki.c2.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  6. ↑ "Note Cards". wiki.c2.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 De Bra, Paul; Hardman, Lynda. "Hypermedia" (PDF). win.tue.nl. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  8. ↑ Leuf, Bo; Cunningham, Ward (2001). The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the WebFree registration required. Boston: Addison-Wesley. pp. 15, 365. ISBN 020171499X. OCLC 45715320. Ward called it 'the simplest online database that could possibly work'. In 1994, he wanted a quick way to collaboratively publish software patterns on the Web. Ideas that had developed from his work with program development and HyperCard stacks went into it, and the first 'wiki server' was born. ... Wiki shares some history with the use of index cards in object-oriented programming. Both Wiki and CRC Cards credit an unpublished HyperCard stack as their common ancestor. 
  9. ↑ "A short history of the Web". CERN. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  10. ↑ "A short history of the Web". CERN. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Wiki History". web.archive.org. 21 June 2002. Retrieved 1 September 2022. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "A Brief History of the Wiki—and Where It Might Be Going Next". Mental Floss. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 "25 March | Todays HistoryTodays History". todayshistory. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  14. ↑ "History Of Categories". web.archive.org. 4 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  15. ↑ "AboutCategoriesAndTopics". web.archive.org. 29 November 1996. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  16. ↑ "Cas Bah". wiki.c2.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  17. ↑ Ward Cunningham and Bo Leuf, The Wiki Way, 2001
  18. ↑ "Janne Jalkanen". linkedin. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  19. ↑ "JSPWiki: Getting Started". jspwiki-wiki.apache.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  20. ↑ "PmWiki Demo Site » Try PmWiki without installing it". Open Source CMS. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  21. ↑ "PmWiki | PmWiki / PmWiki". www.pmwiki.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  22. ↑ "Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español". Los diccionarios y las enciclopedias sobre el Académico (in español). Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  23. ↑ "Wiktionary:Amazon.com:Appstore for Android". www.amazon.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  24. ↑ "What does wiktionary mean?". www.definitions.net. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  25. ↑ Community, Tiki. "Tiki turns one!!!". Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Community. Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  26. ↑ "Socialtext - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  27. ↑ Bazzano, Daniele. "Best Wiki Tools And Services: Sharewood Guide". Robin Good's Master New Media. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  28. ↑ "Bedford Funding -- Socialtext". www.bedfordfunding.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  29. ↑ "Wikibooks:Welcome - Wikibooks, open books for an open world". en.wikibooks.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Wikibooks". www.techxlab.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  31. ↑ "Wikiquote". en.wikiquote.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  32. ↑ "Wikitravel:About - Wikitravel". wikitravel.org. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  33. ↑ "Wikitravel:Project - Wikitravel". wikitravel.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  34. ↑ "Defining the Wikisource vision". Diff. 9 May 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  35. ↑ "What is Wikisource?". The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  36. ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 "History Of Wikis". wiki.c2.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  37. ↑ "Commons:Welcome - Wikimedia Commons". commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  38. ↑ "Commons:Welcome - Wikimedia Commons". commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  39. ↑ "FlexWiki: Microsofts Third Open Software Project", eWeek, September 28, 2004, retrieved 2 September 2022 
  40. ↑ "A working wiki | Enterprise | Real World Computing | PC Pro". web.archive.org. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  41. ↑ "100 Wikicities: Wikipedia Founder Launches Commercial Enterprise; 100 Open Editing Communities So Far". PRWeb. Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Cashmore, Pete (28 March 2006). "Wikia - Build Your Own Wiki". Mashable. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  43. ↑ "User:Sj/WN at 5". Wikinews. 8 November 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  44. ↑ "Wikinews:What Wikinews is - Wikinews, the free news source". en.wikinews.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Palmer, Craig L. (September 26, 2016). "Wikia is now Fandom powered by Wikia". Community Central. Wikia, Inc. Retrieved September 9, 2022. 
  46. ↑ "wikiHow:History of wikiHow - wikiHow". www.wikihow.com. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  47. ↑ "About". Fallout Wiki. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  48. ↑ Ebersbach, Anja; Glaser, Markus; Heigl, Richard (6 September 2005). Wiki: Web Collaboration. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-25995-4. 
  49. ↑ Klobas, Jane; Beesley, Angela (30 June 2006). Wikis: Tools for Information Work and Collaboration. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-1-84334-179-6. 
  50. ↑ "MindTouch Core and Platform: 'This is the End, Beautiful Friend' | MindTouch". web.archive.org. 8 August 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  51. ↑ "Wikiversity:Reports/es - Wikiversity". beta.wikiversity.org. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  52. ↑ "Technology News: Business: Wikipedia Founder Staffs For-Profit Wikia Spinoff". web.archive.org. 21 October 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  53. ↑ "Conservapedia Day". conservapedia. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  54. ↑ "A History of WikiLeaks". medium.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  55. ↑ "WikiLeaks". britannica.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  56. ↑ "Transcript: Sir Tim Berners-Lee Talks with Talis about the Semantic Web". talis-podcasts.s3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  57. ↑ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). web.archive.org. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  58. ↑ "ShoutWiki Hub:About - ShoutWiki Hub". www.shoutwiki.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  59. ↑ Haines, Lester. "Wiki elevated to Oxford English Dictionary". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022. 
  60. ↑ "Larry Sanger - Chief Information Officer @ Distributed Machines - Crunchbase Person Profile". Crunchbase. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  61. ↑ "Timeline". RationalWiki. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  62. ↑ Choate, Mark S. (24 March 2008). Professional Wikis. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-28199-4. 
  63. ↑ Barton, Matthew; Cummings, Robert; Barton, Matt (25 November 2008). Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11671-3. 
  64. ↑ West, James A.; West, Margaret L. (23 December 2008). Using Wikis for Online Collaboration: The Power of the Read-Write Web. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-47221-7. 
  65. ↑ "Tricki now live". What's new. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  66. ↑ Catacchio, Chad (28 May 2010). "Google Wave is 1 year old today, but will anybody show up to the party?". TNW | Google. Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  67. ↑ Weekes, Dana; Krishna, S Sri; Bakolitsa, Constantina; Wilson, Ian A; Godzik, Adam; Wooley, John (December 2010). "TOPSAN: a collaborative annotation environment for structural genomics". BMC Bioinformatics. 11 (1): 426. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-426. 
  68. ↑ Woods, Dan; Thoeny, Peter (8 February 2011). Wikis For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-05066-8. 
  69. ↑ Chmielewski, Dawn (25 January 2016). "Wikia Launches Fandom, a New Place to Get Your Nerd On". Vox. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 
  70. ↑ "Wikia, Inc. Rebrands Wikia.com as Fandom powered by Wikia - PR Newswire APAC". en.prnasia.com. Retrieved 8 September 2022. 
  71. ↑ "Revision history of "Main Page" - Timelines". timelines.issarice.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
  72. ↑ "Timelines". timelines.issarice.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022. 
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