Timeline of web vitals
This is a timeline of web vitals, a set of metrics championed by Google that relate to how well web pages load. Of particular interest are three metrics Google calls core web vitals, whose values in field data are used to inform a "page experience" score that affects search ranking within Google.
Contents
Big picture
Time period | Development summary |
---|---|
2007 – 2015 | This period sees the emergence of diagnostic tools and web standards that help diagnose page load speed. This is also the period where some initial concepts such as "speed index" and "performance budgets" start getting fleshed out. |
2016 – 2018 | This period sees the emergence of systematic datasets covering web performance for a wide range of websites, including the HTTP Archive (that uses Lab data) and the Chrome User Expeience Report (CrUX) that uses field data collected anonymously from Chrome users. It also sees the growth of public diagnostic tools for site performance, including Lighthouse, that is integrated into Chrome's Developer Tools. |
2019 | This is the year when Google starts getting more directly involved with improving site performance, with communication being done via a bunch of blog posts on web.dev. During this year, the understanding of site performance is expanded to include visual stability (epitomized by Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)). Previously the focus had been on loading speed and interactivity/responsiveness. |
2020 | This is the year that Google officially announces three "core web vitals": Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) for loading speed, Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) for visual stability, and First Input Delay (FID) for interactivity/responsiveness. Google also provides guidance that the 75th percentile field data values for these metrics will be used to influence search results on mobile and desktop in the coming years. In particular, Google clarifies its focus on "field data" (as collected by the CrUX report) as the data it uses for official evaluation, and clarifies the role of Lab data as an aid for self-diagnosis by people involved with developing websites. The potential of core web vitals to affect search results leads to a flurry of activity in the SEO community. A number of new diagnostic tools and data sources emerge, both from Google and from the rest of the ecosystem, and existing tools on site performance shift direction a little bit to start focusing on core web vitals. |
2021 – 2022 | During this period, Google starts using core web vitals to influence search results, with mobile search results being affected starting mid-2021 and desktop search results being affected starting early 2022. However, the magnitude of impact on search results is small, leading to a dying down of activity and attention to core web vitals in the SEO community. Nonetheless, the overall proportion of origins passing on the core web vitals continues to improve over the period, with CLS (one of the more actionable core web vitals) seeing the most dramatic improvement. The improvements in the case of CLS are due to a combination of definition changes and websites making improvements. The less dramatic improvement for LCP is due to a combination of Chrome browser speed updates, computers getting a litle faster over time, and websites making improvements. |
List of web vitals and corresponding aspects of performance
Note that for the three web vitals measured in both field and Lab data, the thresholds for good and poor for field data match the thresholds for good and poor on Lab data (measured using Lighthouse) respectively. This has been the case since June 2021 updates to field data thresholds and the corresponding release of Lighthouse v8. The desktop Lab data thresholds differ for some web vitals, and are not in the table below to keep it simple.
Web vital | Aspect of performance | Core web vital? | Reported in field data (PageSpeed Insights, CrUX report)? | Reported in Lab data (Lighthouse, PageSpeed Insights)? | Reported in WebPageTest web vitals?[1][2] | Threshold for "good" on field data (if applicable) and mobile Lab data (if applicable) (in milliseconds except CLS that is unitless) | Threshold for "poor" on field data (if applicable) and mobile Lab data (if applicable) (in milliseconds except CLS that is unitless) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time to First Byte (TTFB) | Loading speed | No | Yes | No | No | 800 | 1,800 |
First Contentful Paint (FCP) | Loading speed | No | Yes | Yes | Not online, but supported in code | 1,800 | 3,000 |
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) | Loading speed | Yes | Yes | Yes (since v6) | Yes | 2,500 | 4,000 |
Speed Index (SI) | Loading speed | No | No | Yes (some variant since v2) | No | 3,400 | 5,8000 |
Time to Interactive (TTI) | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | No | No | No (retired in v10; was reported until v9 and since at least v5, some variant since v2) | Not online, but supported in code | 3,800 | 7,300 |
Total Blocking Time (TBT) | Interactivity/responsiveness | No | No | Yes (since v6) | Yes | 200 | 600 |
First Input Delay (FID) | Interactivity/responsiveness | Yes | Yes | No | No | 100 | 300 |
Interaction to Next Paint (INP) | Interactivity/responsiveness | No | Yes | No | No | 200 | 500 |
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) | Visual stability | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0.1 | 0.25 |
Numerical and visual data
The table below is based on monthly summaries provided in the CrUX announce mailing list.[3] Note that the total number of origins is not necessarily the denominator for the percentages; individual percentages have as denominator only the number of origins for which there was sufficient data for that particular metric.[4]
Year and month (YYYY-MM) | Number of origins covered in dataset | Percentage good Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) | Percentage good First Input Delay (FID) | Percentage good Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) | Percentage good on all core web vitals | Special notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020-05 | 7,103,486 | 46 | 86 | 64 | 27 | Corrected data to restrict denominator[4] |
2020-06 | 7,501,835 | 47.84 | 86.74 | 57.45 | 25.34 | |
2020-07 | 7,527,878 | 47.6 | 86.9 | 57.2 | 25.2 | |
2020-08 | 7,773,359 | 47.1 | 86.9 | 57.1 | 24.9 | Bump in origin coverage due to a data pipeline change that now accepts all user experiences with a FCP[5] |
2020-09 | 7,937,088 | 46.8 | 87.6 | 55.8 | 24.6 | |
2020-10 | 8,050,755 | 47.0 | 88.2 | 52.3 | 23.7 | |
2020-11 | 7,942,408 | 47.0 | 88.8 | 51.1 | 23.5 | |
2020-12 | 7,629,156 | 47.1 | 88.7 | 51.0 | 23.4 | |
2021-01 | 8,185,540 | 47.81 | 89.28 | 50.25 | 23.71 | |
2021-02 | 8,264,371 | 47.99 | 89.46 | 45.99 | 21.98 | |
2021-03 | 8,326,310 | 49.01 | 89.66 | 51.84 | 24.81 | |
2021-04 | 8,423,302 | 49.4 | 89.8 | 53.8 | 25.8 | |
2021-05 | 8,411,670 | 50.7 | 89.9 | 60.4 | 29.2 | Metric definition updates released in early June are applied to this data, including the 5-second session window for CLS, and at least partly explains the sharp increase in the percentage of origins with good CLS.[6] |
2021-06 | 8,416,608 | 50.6 | 93.0 | 61.0 | 30.6 | The effect of the double-tap-to-zoom FID metric change in Chrome 91, that improves measured FID, is largely seen in this month, and at least partly explains the sharp increase in the percentage of origins with good FID.[7] |
2021-07 | 8,174,923 | 50.0 | 93.2 | 61.2 | 30.4 | |
2021-08 | 8,431,699 | 50.9 | 93.2 | 62.1 | 31.3 | |
2021-09 | 8,660,068 | 50.9 | 93.3 | 65.4 | 32.8 | |
2021-10 | 8,784,894 | 50.0 | 93.4 | 65.9 | 34.1 | This is the first month when the percentages reported are based on the "optional FID" methodology adopted in PageSpeed Insights on June 10, 2021.[8][9] |
2021-11 | 8,733,078 | 50.8 | 93.5 | 66.1 | 34.8 | The uncapped CLS metric (that was the old way of calculating CLS before a definition change around May/June) is retired from the BigQuery dataset starting with this month.[10] |
2021-12 | 8,398,796 | 51.1 | 93.3 | 66.1 | 35.0 | |
2022-01 | 8,934,350 | 52.4 | 93.9 | 68.9 | 37.6 | |
2022-02 | 8,764,246 | 52.7 | 94.9 | 70.6 | 39.0 | This is the first month for which the dataset includes data on the experimental responsiveness metric that had been described by Google in blog posts in 2021.[11] |
2022-03 | 8,555,307 | 53.4 | 94.9 | 70.6 | 39.6 | |
2022-04 | 8,602,902 | 55.2 | 94.9 | 71.6 | 41.2 | This is the first month for which the dataset includes data on a new experimental metric called Interaction to Next Paint (INP), a new variant of the experimental responsiveness metric.[12] |
2022-05 | 11,024,795 | 56.5 | 94.7 | 71.7 | 42.0 | This is the first month where effective connection type and form factor fields transition from required fields to optional fields in the CruX dataset, resulting in more eligible traffic data for websites, and therefore a larger number of origins with enough traffic to qualify for inclusion in the CrUX report. A bug resulted in this change not having its full effect (on increase in origin coverage) in this month; the full effect is expected to be seen in June. Also, the LCP improvement is attributed to an increase in Chrome's speed on Android devices, "thanks to prioritizing critical navigation moments on the browser user interface thread."[13] |
2022-06 | 16,230,572 | 54.9 | 94.3 | 72.3 | 41.3 | There is a significant increase in the number of origins compared to last month and even more so compared to two months ago, the increase over the past two months is due to making form factor and effective connection type optional. Due to the increase in coverage of low-traffic origins, the numbers aren't directly comparable with previous months; in particular, the seeming decline in LCP is mostly a result of the expanded coverage. Restricting to the top 1,000 or top 10,000 origins shows a clearer trend of continued improvement.[14] |
2022-07 | 16,190,453 | 54.3 | 94.2 | 71.7 | 40.6 | This release includes a change which records the CLS metric at the first OnHidden in addition to tab close. Also, there is a bug in the origin filtering causing a small number of origins to be incorrectly filtered from the release.[15] |
2022-08 | 16,754,655 | 53.7 | 94.2 | 72.5 | 40.7 | This release continues to partially have the bug in the previous release due to which some origins are missed; the number of origins missed is smaller than last time but still not zero.[16] |
2022-09 | 17,715,277 | 54.5 | 94.8 | 72.4 | 41.4 | |
2022-10 | 17,637,195 | 54.8 | 95.0 | 72.3 | 41.6 | This release includes a breakdown of "rank" popularity for top 5,000 sites, top 50,000 sites, etc. in addition to the already-existing rank popularity for top 1,000 sites, top 10,000 sites etc.[17] |
2022-11 | 17,618,944 | 54.9 | 95.1 | 72.4 | 41.8 | |
2022-12 | 16,824,271 | 54.8 | 95.0 | 72.7 | 41.8 | |
2023-01 | 18,200,000 | 56.2 | 95.2 | 73.1 | 43.0 | |
2023-02 | 18,184,396 | 56.3 | 95.3 | 73.1 | 43.1 | |
2023-03 | 18,495,210 | 57.7 | 95.5 | 73.4 | 44.2 |
Full timeline
Inclusion criteria
The following are some kinds of events that qualify for inclusion in the timeline:
- Launch of new private or public diagnostics tools related to web vitals, or major updates to such tools
- Major version updates to Lighthouse, the main Lab data tool
- Introduction of a new web vital metric, changes to the definition of a web vital metric, or addition or removal of a web vital from the list of core web vitals
- Changes to browser behavior that could affect the data for one or more web vitals
- Blog posts or articles with insight around how to improve on web vitals, or critical discussion of web vitals and how much importance to give to them
- Important conferences about site performance (such as the performance.now() conference)
Here are some examples of things that will not qualify for this timeline:
- Minor version updates to Lighthouse
- Performance trajectories of specific websites, except to the extent that the analysis of such performance qualifies as valuable insight into web vitals
- Individual talks at a conference (such as the performance.now() conference) unless the specific talk breaks a lot of new ground and gets a bunch of commentary; in many cases, talks at these conferences summarize past discussion so the original post or articles for such discussions should be included instead
Timeline
Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Type of tool, entity, or change | Aspect of performance (specific metrics in parentheses) | Type of measurement (field data (from real users; aka Real User Monitoring (RUM)) or Lab data (from a bot or synthetic local testing))? | Event |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | July | New product | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed | Lab data | Yahoo! launches YSlow, a Firefox add-on built on top of Firebug, to help debug speed issues on websites.[18][19] YSlow operationalilzes Yahoo! Chief Performance Officer Steve Souders' 13 rules for high-performance web sites (also covered in his book "High Performance Web Sites").[20] Development on it would cease after 2014 as people migrated to other tools like Google's Page Speed, Webpagetest, and later Lighthouse.[21][22] |
2009 | June 5 | New product | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed | Lab data | Google releases Page Speed, a Firefox add-on built on top of Firebug, to help debug speed issues on websites. Commentators consider this to be Google's equivaent to Yahoo's YSlow tool.[23] |
2012 | April 26 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Detailed timing information | Field data, Lab data | The first commit is made to the repository with the specification for the Navigation Timing API. The API allows for access to information on the fetching of the root document and its loading in the browser.[24] |
2013 | April 9 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Detailed timing information | Field data, Lab data | The first commit is made to the repository with the specification for the Resource Timing API. The API allows for access to information on the timing of download of various resources.[25] |
2014 | September 29 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Loading speed (Speed Index) | Field data | The first commit is made to the repository with the specification for the RUM Speed Index (RUM stands for real user monitoring), an attempt to calculate a Speed Index based on field data. As of 2021, Speed Index is still calculated in the Lab.[26] |
2014 | November 18 | Insight | Metric definition, concept development | Loading speed | Field data, Lab data | Tim Kadlec publishes his landmark post titled "Performance Budget Metrics" that classifies metrics used for performance budgets in four categories: (1) milestone timings (measuring when specific milestones in loading and rendering are achieved), (2) SpeedIndex (measuring how a page loads from start to finish), (3) quantity-based metrics (such as total number of requests, overall page weight, total image weight), and (4) rule-based metrics (such as PageSpeed and YSlow score).[27] Performance budgets would eventually be supported by build tools and diagnostic tools, and would be the subject of further analysis;[28] one analysis on web.dev would use a similar categorization of performance budget metrics (without a separate category for SpeedIndex).[29] |
2016 | January 15 | Code commit | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | The first code commit to the Google Lighthouse GitHub repository is on this date.[30] |
2016 | June 30 | Release | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | The Lighthouse v1.0.3 tag is created, suggesting the official release of Lighthouse 1.0.[31] |
2016 | September 14 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Loading speed (FCP) | Field data, Lab data | The first commit is made to the repository documenting the Paint Timing API. This API is used to calculate metrics such as the First Contentful Paint (FCP).[32] Initially supported only on Chromium browsers, the Paint Timing API would eventually be supported by Firefox (Gecko) and Safari (WebKit) as well.[33] |
2017 | February 1 | Data collection | Public dataset | Loading speed | Lab data | Data for the HTTP Archive's Loading Speed dataset is available starting this day.[34] |
2017 | August 24 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | Lighthouse v2.0.0 is released. The last commit for it is from May 19. At this point, the Performance section of Lighthouse has the following metrics: First meaningful paint, First interactive (beta), Consistenly interactive (beta), Perceptual Speed Index, and Estimated Input Latency.[35] |
2017 | October 1 | Data collection | Public dataset | All | Field data | Data for the Chrome User Experience (CrUX) report, collected anonymously from Chrome users who have consented to the anonymous data collection, is available in a BigQuery dataset starting this day.[36] |
2018 | July 11 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | Lighthouse v3.0.0 is released. The last commit for it is from June 28. This release includes changes to performance weights and scoring thresholds.[37] |
2018 | August 11 | Release | Public ranking tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | The earliest Wayback Machine snapshot of webperf.xyz, a site that maintains a leaderboard of sites based on their performance, is from this date. At launch time, it uses webpagetest.org for its data generation.[38] The tool would be referenced in an Atlantic article on August 23 about their efforts to speed up ad loading on their site.[39] |
2019 | January 16 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | Lighthouse v4.0.0 is released. The last commmit for it is from January 15.[40] |
2019 | May 7 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | Loading speed, interactivity/responsiveness | Lab data | Lighthouse v5.0.0 is released.[41] The metrics used in the performance score, with weights, are: First Contentful Paint (FCP) (23%), Speed Index (SI) (27%), First Meaningful Paint (FMP) (7%), Time To Interactive (TTI) (33%), First CPU Idle (FCI) (13%), and Max Potential FID (0%).[42] |
2019 | May 13 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data, Lab data | The first commit to the GitHub repository for the Layout Instability API is made on this day. This is a proposal by Google for adoption as a web standard, though as of June 2021 it has not been adopted and is only used on Blink-based browsers, which is effectively just Chromium browsers (mainly Chrome, Edge, and Opera).[43] |
2019 | May 15 | Documentation commit | Web standard | Loading speed (LCP) | Field data, Lab data | The first commit to the GitHub repository for the Largest Contentful Paint API is made on this day. This is a proposal by Google for adoption as a web standard, though as of June 2021 it has not been adopted and is only used on Blink-based browsers, which is effectively just Chrome browsers (mainly Chrome, Edge, and Opera).[44] |
2019 | June 11 | Announcement | Metric introduction | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data, Lab data | The blog post "Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)" is published on web.dev. In the post, Google describes a new metric, Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS), that measures the totality of unexpected shifts during the lifecycle of a page. This builds upon the Layout Instability API that Google started workingg on recently.[45] |
2019 | August 8 | Announcement | Metric introduction | Loading speed (LCP) | Field data, Lab data | The blog post "Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)" is published on web.dev. In the post, Google describes a new metric, Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), that measures how long it takes for the page's main content to have loaded.[46] |
2019 | September 19 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | The page "Lighthouse performance scoring" gives insight into how Google Lighthouse scores are calculated. In particular, it explains that the log-normal distribution used for translating each of the web vitals into a score component is based on real website performance data on HTTP Archive.[47] |
2020 | April 30 | Announcement | Metric selection, thresholds | All | Field data, Lab data | Google announces the selection of three of its metrics as core web vitals: Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), First Input Delay (FID), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS). The post also states that the 75th percentile of fielld data should be used for any assessment using web vitals, and specifies thresholds for good and poor values for each of the core web vitals.[48] |
2020 | May 5 | Insight | All | Field data, Lab data | Google publishes three blog posts, one for each of the three core web vitals (LCP, FID, and CLS), on strategies to optimize that core web vital.[49][50][51] | |
2020 | May 12 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | In version 21.07, WebPageTest adds support for web vitals. WebPageTest, available at webpagetest.org, is a tool that can be used to report performance data on any web page.[52] |
2020 | May 19 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | Lighthouse v6.0.0 is released (it is expected to ship in the DevTools of Chrome 84, that releases July 14).[53] The performance scoring is updated, with three new metrics added: Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Total Blocking Time (TBT), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS); two of which are among Google's three core web vitals. Three metrics from Lighthouse v5 are removed: First Meaningful Paint, First CPU Idle, and Max Potential FID. The weights are as follows: First Contentful Paint (FCP) (15%), Speed Index (SI) (15%), Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) (25%), Time To Interactive (TTI) (15%), Total Blocking Time (TBT) (25%), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) (5%). This is the first time that Lab data includes a metric for visual stability (the specific metric being CLS).[42] |
2020 | May 21 | Insight | Thresholds | All | Field data | In a lengthy blog post, Google describes how it decided on the 75th percentile of field data as the point to use for assessing each of its metrics, and also explains how thresholds were selected for each of the threee core web vitals: LCP, FID, and CLS. The decision for each metric is made by a combination of acceeptable user experience and achievability by webpages with current technology.[54] |
2020 | May 27 | Release | Private diagnostic tool | All | Field data | Google updates Google Search Console adding a section on core web vitals. This section reports on field data performance on both mobile and desktop on each of the three core web vitals (CLS, LCP, and FID). It is based on the CrUX report. Rather than making all the data available for each url, Search Console groups urls together and reports on aggregate performance of the url groups.[55] |
2020 | May 28 | Announcement | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | Google announces that at some point in the future, it will start using "page experience" as a ranking factor in search. The page experience signal combines core web vitals, mobile usability, security issues, whether the site is HTTPS, and no intrusive intersitials.[56][57] |
2020 | June 24 | Implementation | Web standard | Loading speed (FCP) | N/A | A blog post on the Wikimedia Foundation's tech blog describes work done by Wikimedia Foundation engineers to implement the Paint Timing API in WebKit, the engine used by Safari, thus making it available in future versions of Safari.[58] |
2020 | November 10 | Announcement | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | Google announces that it will start using "page experience" as a ranking factor for mobile searches starting May 2021. The page experience signal combines core web vitals, mobile usability, security issues, whether the site is HTTPS, and no intrusive interstitials.[59][60] |
2020 | November 16 | New version | Public diagnostic tool, private diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | GTmetrix, a performance optimization tool, switches from its legacy Timings and PageSpeed/YSlow measurements to using Lighthouse as its underlying engine; the new data includes Performance and Structure tabs, an overall GTMetrix grade, and a web vitals section that includes LCP, CLS, and Total Blocking Time (TBT).[61][62][63] |
2020 | December 17 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | Lighthouse v7.0.0 is released. It is expected to be shipped with Chrome 89 (released March 2, 2021) and becoms part of PageSpeed Insights on February 19, 2021.[64] |
2021 | February 17 | Release | Threshold update | All | Field data | Field data available in Google Search Console and PageSpeed Insights are updated to consider a metric value at a threshold as being on the good side of the threshold. For instance, for CLS, the the threshold for good CLS is 0.1; a 75th percentile CLS value of exactly 0.1 would now be considered good.[65] |
2021 | April 7 | Announcement | Metric definition update | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data, Lab data | Google announces a planned update to the calculation of Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) to be fairer to long-lived pages. The update changes the definition of CLS to look at the largest CLS over 5-second windows with a 1-second gap. The rollout of this definition update would happen in June.[66][67] |
2021 | April 19 | Release | Private diagnostic tool | All | Field data | A new section called "Page experience on mobile" is added to Google Search Console (where people can access this data for their own sites only). This is restriced to mobile searches; it reports on the percentage of urls and number of search impressions that have "good page experience" i.e., that perform well on core web vitals, mobile usability, security issues, whether the site is HTTPS, and ads experience.[68] |
2021 | April | Insight | Data | All | Lab data | Searchmetrics publishes a study of core web vitals, looking at Lab data for over 2 million URLs on two of the three core web vitals (LCP and CLS) and a proxy for the third core web vital (using Total Blocking Time (TBT) instead of FID). YouTube is highlighted as an outlier that skews measurement.[69] |
2021 | April 19 | Announcement | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | Google announces an updated timeline of mid-June to August for its rollout of page experience as a ranking factor for mobile searches. The previous announced rollout time was May 2021; the time extension is allegedly to give websites more time to prepare.[70] |
2021 | April 25 | New version | Public ranking tool | All | Lab data | The backend for webperf.xyz is switched from webpagetest to Lighthouse on this date (or least, this is the earliest date with data recorded using Lighthouse).[71] |
2021 | May 4 | Insight | Cross-browser comparison of metric definition | Loading speed (FCP) | N/A | A blog post on the WebPageTest blog describes challenges with comparing First Contentful Paint (FCP) across browsers. FCP is one of the first web vitals to be available across all major browsers with the release of Safari 14.1.[33] |
2021 | May 18 | Insight | Business impact | All | Field data (mostly) with some discussion of Lab data | In a blog post on web.dev that also includes a video, two Google staff members discuss the business impact of (core) web vitals. The post includes case studies of: Vodafone, iCook, Tokopedia, Redbus, and several others who have improved one or more of the core web vitals and seen improvement in traffic, user engagement, and revenue. These impacts are prior to (and therefore not caused by Google starting to use page experience (including core web vitals) as a signal for search ranking.[72][73] |
2021 | May 25 | New version | Browser behavior | Interactivity/responsiveness (FID) | Field data | Chrome 91 disables double-tap-to-zoom when the viewport meta tag specifies width=device-width or initial-scale>=1.0, even when implicitly doing so, like for example in minimum-scale=1.5, maximum-scale=2. Because DTZ negatively impacts FID and the amount of pages where DTZ is disabled is increased, Google expects some sites to see FID improvements.[74] |
2021 | June 1 – 2, some changes a little later in June | Release | Metric definition update | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data | Google updates its field data tools including the Chrome User Experience (CrUX) report, PageSpeed Insights, and Google Search Console, to use an updated definition of Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) that looks at the largest CLS over 5-second windows with a 1-second gap. The planned change itself had been announced back in April, but it had not yet been reflected in the tools Google used to report on field data, as well as in Google's Lighthouse tool available on PageSpeed Insights and in Chrome Developer Tools (canary channel only, so not part of officially released Chrome yet).[75][76][77] |
2021 | early June | Release | Metric definition update | Loading speed (LCP) | Field data | Some changes are made to LCP calculations to account for offscreen images and multiple images of the same size.[78] |
2021 | June 2 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | Lighthouse v8.0.0 is released. The release is made available on PageSpeed Insights immediately, and is expected to ship as part of Chrome 93. This includes Lab-side changes corresponding to field data updates for CLS released at around the same time; it also includes threshold changes for TBT and FCP and a reweighting: FCP: 15% to 10%, SI: 15% to 10%, TTI: 15% to 10%, TBT: 25% to 30%, and CLS: 5% to 15%. A new diagnostic aide called the Lighthouse Treemap is also released.[79][80] |
2021 | June 10 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All, FID | Field data | PageSpeed Insights field data now reports field data even for pages where some (but not all) of the field data metrics have insufficient data; in such cases, only the metrics with sufficient data are reported.[81] Rick Viscomi further clarifies on Twitter that this will most affect pages missing FID, since FID data tends to be much more likely to be missing than LCP or CLS data. Further, an origin with insufficient FID data will be considered to pass overall in core web vitals if it passes LCP and CLS; however, an origin must have LCP and CLS data in order to be considered passing on core web vitals.[9] |
2021 | June 15 – September 2 | Release | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | The rollout of Google's "page experience on mobile" update happens during this period. The update is limited to mobile searches, and gives weight to a "page experience" factor that includes performance on core web vitals, mobile usability, security issues, whether the site is HTTPS, and ads experience.[82][83][84] |
2021 | June 21, November 3 | Proposal | Metric definition update | Interactivity/responsiveness (responsiveness metric) | Field data | In two blog posts on web.dev. the Chrome Speed team proposes a new responsiveness metric, that is expected to correlate with the Lab data metrics of time to interactive (TTI) and total blocking time (TBT) and whose goal is to measure responsiveness over the page lifecycle. It is expected to overcome some of the shortcoming of first input delay (FID) and be a more holistic measure of responsiveness.[85][86] |
2021 | June 24 | Release | Public diagnostic tool | All | Field data | The HTTP Archive's Core Web Vitals Technology Report is released. This builds on the Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX report) as well as the HTTP Archive's data on CMS and technology stacks used by various websites, to provide a big-picture view of performance on core web vitals by CMS and technology stack.[87] |
2021 | August 17 | Insight | Search algorithmm update | All | Field data, Lab data | A blog post on the Semrush blog reviews the rollout of Google's page experience update. It goes over trends in field data and Lab data performance of mobile urls before and during the rollout, as well as the correlation with mobile search rankings. It detects a small correlation in the expected direction.[88][89] |
2021 | August 17 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool, private diagnostic tool | All | Field data, Lab data | A blog post on web.dev describes how field and Lab data differ conceptually, how the values of field data and Lab data might differ in general, and concrete field/Lab differences associated with the three core web vitals.[90] |
2021 | August 31 | New version | Browser behavior | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data | Chrome 93 makes changes to its calculation of cumulative layout shift (CLS) to ignore changes to offscreen elements countered with scroll anchoring, as well as layout shifts while dragging or resizing elements with a mouse. This is expected to improve the performance of websites on CLS.[91] |
2021 | September 16 | Insight | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | A blog post on the Sistrix blog titled "Core Web Vitals is a Measurable Ranking Factor" documents the observed effect size on ranking of sites passing all core web vitals versus the average and versus sites failing all core web vitals.[92][89] |
2021 | September 21 | New version | Browser behavior | Loading speed (FCP) | Field data, Lab data | Chromium is updated so that paint timing is not triggered by content that is not visible due to being under the effect of an opacity: 0 style. This change is part of the Chrome 94 release on September 21, 2021, and is also expected to affect other Chromium-based browsers such as Edge and Opera. The change is expected to increase (worsen) measured FCP (in field and Lab data) for some sites, without directly changing the end user experience.[93] |
2021 | October 27 | Insight | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | A post on Search Engine Land describes the relatively minor impact that page experience has had on search rankings so far, as well as SEOs questioning the value of spending time on improving page experience. It also discusses other potential benefits of improving page experience beyond the search ranking impact.[89] |
2021 | November 3 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Field data, Lab data | A new version of the PageSpeed Insights UI is released.[94] Around this time (by November 15), PageSpeed Insights is moved to pagespeed.web.dev.[95] |
2021 | November 13, November 15 | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | Starting November 13, PageSpeed Insights starts using Lighthouse 9.0.0.[95] On November 15, Lighthouse 9.0.0 is officially released. It is expected to be part of stable Chrome starting Chrome 98. One of the new functionalities it offers is support for user flows, making it easier to run Lighthouse for users with a warm cache, and to carry out user interactions.[96][97][98] |
2021 | November 16 | New version | Browser behavior | Loading speed (LCP) | Field data, Lab data | Chrome 96 fixes a bug in LCP calculation where a previous intended change to ignore images occupying the full viewport had been applied incorrectly to iframes to use the iframe's full viewport rather than the page's full viewport.[99] |
2021 | December 8 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data (with some discussion of field data) | In a blog post on Calibre's blog, Karolina Szczur argues against focusing on the Lighthouse performance score. Arguments include: it’s impossible to describe user experience with one metric, Performance Score is relative to device type and speed trends, Performance Score is prone to variability, Performance Score doesn’t make it easier to talk about speed, Performance Score can be gamed, Performance Score doesn’t matter for SEO, and Performance Score has been overtaken by Core Web Vitals.[100] |
2021 | December 22 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool, private diagnostic tool | Loading speed (LCP) | Field data | An article in Smashing Magazine describes in detail their efforts to get their core web vital of LCP to a passing state, including their use of tools such as Google Search Console, web-vitals JS library + CrUX dashboard, PageSpeed Insights, and the CrUX BigQuery dataset. The main methods used include the removal of author images from mobile and the skipping of loading webfonts for users with slow connections and/or data-saving preferences.[101] |
2022 | January 17 | Release | Private diagnostic tool | All | Field data | The page experience section of Google Search Console, that previously only had "page experience on mobile" data, now has separate data for mobile and desktop. This update is made ahead of the rollout (scheduled for February and March 2022) of page experience on desktop as a search signal on desktop.[102] |
2022 | January 18 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool, private diagnostic tool | All | Field data, Lab data | An article on web.dev provides a summary of the various diagnostic tools available for monitoring and debugging web vitals.[103] |
2022 | February 1 | Release | Metric definition update | Visual stability (CLS) | Field data | Starting with Chrome 98: "The cumulative layout shift score will be recorded the first time a page moves from the foreground to the background, which can fill in for the layout shift values that are not able to be recorded at tab close, the current CLS reporting point." The change would show up in the CruX BigQuery dataset starting with the July 2022 dataset.[104] |
2022 | February 10 | Insight | Business impact | All, but concrete examples focused on visual stability (CLS) | Field data | A sponsored post by Clickio on Search Engine Land makes the case for the importance of optimizing Core Web Vitals, mentioning a few cases involving their customers. The post ends with a plug for Clickio's web vitals monitoring product.[73] |
2022 | February 22 – March 3 | Release | Search algorithm update | All | Field data | As previously announced on November 4, 2021, Google executes on the rollout of using page experience as a ranking factor on desktop during this period. Page experience on desktop includes all the core web vitals as well as all the other page experience signals on mobile except mobile-friendliness.[105][106][107] |
2022 | March 29 | Release | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | A blog post on the Chrome developer blog announces the Performance insights panel in Chrome Developer Tools. This panel has some of the functionality of the performance panel with a greater orientation toward producing actionable insights. It features diagnostics for each of the core web vitals.[108] |
2022 | May 6 | Proposal | Metric definition update | Interactivity/responsiveness (Interaction to Next Paint (INP)) | Field data (but also available in Lab tools) | A blog post on web.dev announces Interaction to Next Paint (INP), a new experimental variant of the responsiveness metric, that may eventually replace First Input Delay (FID).[109] |
2022 | May 12 | Insight | All | Field data | A 2-year anniversary conversation about core web vitals is published to Twitter Spaces. The conversation features Annie Sullivan from Chrome, Barry Pollard, Crystal Carter, and Henri Helvetica.[110] | |
2022 | May 16 | Insight | Metric definition update | Interactivity/responsiveness (Interaction to Next Paint (INP)) | Field data | A blog post on web.dev looks at field data across a variety of frameworks for the experimental responsiveness metric titled Interaction to Next Paint (INP), and also describes what the frameworks (React, Next.js, and Angular) are doing to improve INP performance.[111] |
2022 | July 19 | Insight | Public diagnostic tool | All | Field data | Documentation on the Chrome User Experience (CrUX) report moves to a new home.[112][113] |
2022 | August 15 | Insight | All | Field data | A blog post on web.dev describes various sources of difference between the official CrUX report and real user monitoring (RUM) data collected by websites using JavaScript.[114] | |
2022 | October 27 – 28 | Insight | All | Field data, Lab data | The performance.now() 2022 conference is held in Amsterdam over these two days. Talks from the conference would be released on YouTube in the coming days. Many of the talks would be about web vitals both in the field and in the Lab.[115][17] | |
2022 | November 4 | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | pagespeed.web.dev is updated to include the entire Lighthouse report, not just the performance section of the report that it previously made available.[116] | |
2023 | January 10 | Insight | All | Field data | A blog post on web.dev includes a list of top recommendations to improve core web vitals.[117] | |
2023 | February 7 | Release | Public diagnostic tool | All | Field data | The CrUX History API is introduced; this API provides access to CrUX data at the level of url and origin for the past 6 months.[118] |
2023 | February 9 (announcement), ~February 16 and March 29 (rollout) | New version | Public diagnostic tool | All | Lab data | Lighthouse 10 is announced; this introduces the scoring change of removing Time to Interactive (TTI) from the score calculation. There are a number of other changes to the available audits and the code now ships with full TypeScript declarations. Lighthouse 10 is shipped to PageSpeed Insights in mid-February and releases as part of Chrome 112 with its release on March 29.[119][120] |
See also
References
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- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Correction. Not all origins have data for these metrics and they should not count against the % of "good" origins.". Chrome UX Report (on Twitter). June 17, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
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- ↑ Walton, Philip (August 17, 2021). "Why lab and field data can be different (and what to do about it). Learn why tools that monitor Core Web Vitals metrics may report different numbers, and how to interpret those differences.". Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ↑ "Changes in Chrome 93". August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
- ↑ Beus, Johannes (September 16, 2021). "Core Web Vitals is a Measurable Ranking Factor". Sistrix. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
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- ↑ Sohoni, Leena; Osmani, Addy; Elizabeth, Sweeny (November 3, 2021). "What's new in PageSpeed Insights. Learn about the latest in PageSpeed Insights to help you better measure and optimize your page and site quality.". Retrieved November 18, 2021.
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- ↑ Kenny, Brendan (November 15, 2021). "What's new in Lighthouse 9.0". Chrome Developers. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ↑ Kenny, Brendan (November 3, 2021). "Lighthouse user flows. Try out a new Lighthouse API to measure performance and best practices throughout a user flow.". web.dev. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ↑ Schwartz, Barry (November 17, 2021). "Lighthouse 9.0 includes API changes, user flows, updated reports and more. Check out the new features in the updated version of Lighthouse, which has been released with the new PageSpeed Insights tool.". Search Engine Land. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ↑ "Largest Contentful Paint Bug Fixes in M96". Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ↑ "Why Lighthouse Performance Score Doesn't Work". Calibre App. December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
- ↑ Pollard, Barry (December 22, 2021). "Improving Core Web Vitals, A Smashing Magazine Case Study". Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- ↑ Schwartz, Barry (January 17, 2022). "Google Search Console launches desktop page experience report. We now have a tool from Google to see how well our desktop URLs do with page experience.". Search Engine Land. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
- ↑ Bisch, Antoine; Mimani, Garima; Osmani, Addy; Sweeny, Elizabeth. "Core Web Vitals workflows with Google tools. Combine Google tools to audit, improve and monitor your website effectively.".
- ↑ "Cumulative Layout Shift Changes in Chrome 98". February 1, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
- ↑ "The page experience rollout is now complete for desktop.". Google Search Console. March 3, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ↑ "Timeline for bringing page experience ranking to desktop". Google Search Central. November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
- ↑ Schwartz, Barry (November 4, 2021). "Google to add page experience ranking signals to desktop search in February 2022. The rollout will be complete by the end of March 2022.". Search Engine Land. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
- ↑ Yeen, Jecelyn (March 29, 2022). "Performance insights: Get actionable insights on your website's performance". Chrome Devtools. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- ↑ Wagner, Jeremy (May 6, 2022). "Interaction to Next Paint (INP)". Retrieved May 13, 2022.
- ↑ "Core Web Vitals AMA - 2yr Anniversary". May 12, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
- ↑ Sohoni, Leena; Osmani, Addy; Liau, Keen Yee (May 16, 2022). "How do modern frameworks perform on the new INP metric? Understand how the new INP metric affects the experience of sites built using JavaScript frameworks and libraries.". Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ↑ Viscomi, Rick (July 19, 2022). "Introducing a new home for CrUX documentation". Retrieved July 20, 2022.
- ↑ "Chrome UX Report: The Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) provides user experience metrics for how real-world Chrome users experience popular destinations on the web.". Retrieved July 20, 2022.
- ↑ Pollard, Barry (August 15, 2022). "Why is CrUX data different from my RUM data? Learn about reasons why RUM data can show different Core Web Vitals numbers from CrUX.". web.dev. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ↑ "Talks and speakers: performance.now() is a single track conference with fourteen world-class speakers, covering today's most important web performance insights. They are selected by our program co-chairs Harry Roberts, Tammy Everts and Tim Kadlec.".
- ↑ Lighthouse (November 4, 2022). "PageSpeed Insights has expanded! The lab section now includes the entire Lighthouse report". Twitter. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ↑ Walton, Philip; Viscomi, Rick; Pollard, Barry; Kenny, Brendan; Wagner, Jeremy (January 10, 2023). "Our top Core Web Vitals recommendations for 2023". web.dev. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ Henkel, Johannes; Yan, Jasmine; Pollard, Barry (February 7, 2023). "Introducing historical web performance data via the CrUX History API". Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ Kenny, Brandon (February 9, 2023). "What's new in Lighthouse 10". Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ↑ Montti, Roger (February 16, 2023). "Lighthouse 10 Improves PageSpeed Insights Scores For 90% Of Pages. Removal of TTI metric in Lighthouse 10, available now in PageSpeed Insights, increases scores of the vast majority of webpages". Search Engine Journal. Retrieved May 8, 2023.