289
edits
Changes
→Full timeline: The Penultimate Trump about suspended animation, not cryonics directly
| 1948 || cryobiology || technological development || vitrification || || Polge, Smith, and Parkes discover the cryoprotective effects of glycerol and publish a paper documenting the successful hatching of chicks from fowl sperm cryopreserved with glycerol.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=POLGE|first=C.|date=June 1951|title=Functional Survival of Fowl Spermatozoa after Freezing at −79° C.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/167949b0|journal=Nature|volume=167|issue=4258|pages=949–950|doi=10.1038/167949b0|issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
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| 1948-03 || cryonics || social || fiction || {{W|Robert Ettinger}} || {{W|Robert Ettinger}} publishes the story [http://translatedby.com/you/the-penultimate-trump/original/ The Penultimate Trump], in which the explicit idea March 1948 issue of cryopreservation of legally dead people for future repair is promulgatedthe magazine Startling Stories. This story was written in 1947. This is a suspended animation story where many of the questions and problems also common to cryonics are discussed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?80014|title=Title: The Penultimate Trump|website=www.isfdb.org|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref>
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| 1950-05 || cryobiology || technological development || vitrification || Luyet, Gonzales || Luyet and Gonzales achieve successful vitrification of chicken embryo hearts using ethylene glycol.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gonzales|first=F.|last2=Luyet|first2=B.|date=May 1950|title=Resumption of heart-beat in chick embryo frozen in liquid nitrogen|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15426631|journal=Biodynamica|volume=7|issue=126-128|pages=1–5|issn=0006-3010|pmid=15426631}}</ref>
