Difference between revisions of "Talk:Timeline of brain preservation"
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== Papers == | == Papers == | ||
This section was removed as it doesn't meaningfully track the progress of cryonics. | This section was removed as it doesn't meaningfully track the progress of cryonics. | ||
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+ | The following graph is an attempt to track the progress of cryopreservation techniques by tracking the biggest mass that was successfully cryopreserved, and is based on the table that follows it.<ref>{{Citation|last=RomanPlusPlus|title=SPTCR: curated repository of scientific papers on cryonics: RomanPlusPlus/scientific-progress-towards-cryonics|date=2019-01-11|url=https://github.com/RomanPlusPlus/scientific-progress-towards-cryonics|access-date=2019-01-23}}</ref> | ||
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+ | [[File:biggest_mass_cryopreserve.png|600px]] | ||
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{| class="sortable wikitable" | {| class="sortable wikitable" | ||
− | ! Year !! Taxon !! tissue, organ or whole body? !! Approx. mass, kg !! Lowest temperature (°C) after which a successful reanimation was achieved !! Healthy brain activity / behavior after reanimation? !! Reference | + | ! Year !! Taxon !! tissue, organ or whole body? !! Approx. mass, kg !! Lowest temperature (°C) after which a successful reanimation was achieved !! Healthy brain activity/behavior after reanimation? !! Reference |
|- | |- |
Revision as of 00:19, 15 February 2019
Papers
This section was removed as it doesn't meaningfully track the progress of cryonics.
The following graph is an attempt to track the progress of cryopreservation techniques by tracking the biggest mass that was successfully cryopreserved, and is based on the table that follows it.[1]
Year | Taxon | tissue, organ or whole body? | Approx. mass, kg | Lowest temperature (°C) after which a successful reanimation was achieved | Healthy brain activity/behavior after reanimation? | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1876 | Guinea pig (C. porcellus) | whole | 1 | 18 | Unknown | Bernard, 1876 |
1881 | Marmots (Marmota) | whole | 3 | 0 | Likely yes (adapted to hibernation) | Horvath, 1881 |
1912 | Schreibers' bat (M. schreibersii) | whole | 0.02 | -4 | Unknown | Bachmetiev, 1912 |
1933 | Bats (Chiroptera) | whole | 0.004 | 0 | Unknown | Eisentraut, 1933 |
1949 | Human: unnamed donors | red blood cells | 9E-14 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith et al, 1949 |
1949 | Human: unnamed donors | spermatozoa | 3E-15 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Polge et al, 1949 |
1950 | Tardigrades (Tardigrada) | whole | 2E-11 | -272 | Unknown | Becquerel, 1950 |
1950 | Mammals (Mammalia) | skin | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Kreyberg, Hanssen, 1950 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1951 | Human: unnamed 23yo woman | whole | 60 | 16 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Laufmann, 1951 |
1951 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | whole | 0.2 | 0 | Unknown | Andjus, 1951 |
1952 | European rabbit (O. cuniculus) | skin | <0,1 | -150 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Billingham, Medawar, 1952 |
1953 | Primate: lemur C. major | whole | 0.4 | 19 | Unknown | Bourliere et al, 1953 |
1955 | House mouse (M. musculus) | spleen | 0.0001 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Barnes,Loutit, 1955 |
1955 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | whole | 0.2 | -3 | Unknown | Andjus, 1955 |
1956 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | whole | 0.2 | 0 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Andjus, 1956 |
1956 | Golden hamster (M. auratus) | whole | 0.1 | -1 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Lovelock, Smith, 1956 |
1957 | Mammals (Mammalia) | ovarian tissue | 0.0000000005 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Parkes, 1957 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1957 | Primate: some Simiiformes | whole | 4 | 11 | Yes (habits preserved, no abnormalities) | Niazi and Lewis, 1957 |
1957 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | sup. сervic. ganglion | 0.0000005 | -79 | full recovery of synaptic function | Pascoe, Parkes, 1957 |
1958 | Mammals (Mammalia) | renal tissue | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Vieuchange, 1958 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1958 | Leisler's bat (N. leisleri) | whole | 0.01 | -7 | Unknown | Kalabukhov, 1958 |
1959 | Mammals (Mammalia) | thyroid tissue | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Parkes, 1959 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1959 | Golden hamster (M. auratus) | whole | 0.1 | -5 | Unknown | Andjus, 1959 |
1959 | European rabbit (O. cuniculus) | whole | 2 | 14 | Unknown | Andjus, 1959 |
1959 | Human: brain surgery patients | whole | 60 | 28 | Likely yes (a standard praxis in 2018) | Soleimanpour et al, 2014 |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | adrenal cortex | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | epididymis | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | fallopian tube | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | hypophysis | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | parathyroid glands | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Russell et al, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | prostate gland (ps.) | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | seminal vesicles | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Mammals (Mammalia) | testicular tissue | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1961 | Golden hamster (M. auratus) | heart | 0.001 | -20 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 |
1961 | European rabbit (O. cuniculus) | heart | 0.04 | -21 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Connaughton, Lewis, 1961 |
1961 | Guinea pig (C. porcellus) | uteri | 0.002 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Smith, 1961 |
1963 | Domestic dog (C. lupus f.) | ureters | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Barner et al, 1963 |
1964 | House mouse (M. musculus) | thymus glands | 0.00005 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Playfair et al, 1964 |
1966 | Cat (Felis catus) | brain (in vitro) | 0.03 | -20 | EEG similar to the control | I. Suda et al, 1966 |
1967 | Domestic dog (C. lupus f.) | small intestine | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Hailmton, Lehr, 1967 |
1972 | Mammals (Mammalia) | heart (fetal) | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | David, 1972 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1973 | Domestic dog (C. lupus f.) | kidney | 0.02 | -22 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Dietzman et al, 1973 |
1974 | Mammals (Mammalia) | bone marrow | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Karow et al, 1974 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1974 | Cat (Felis catus) | brain (in vitro) | 0.03 | -20 | activity, but some EEG abnormalities | I. Suda et al, 1974 |
1974 | Mammals (Mammalia) | cornea | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Karow et al, 1974 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1977 | Mammals (Mammalia) | embryos | 0.0000000005 | -79 | Unknown | Elliot, Whelan, 1977 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1977 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | pancreases (fetal) | <0,1 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Kemp et al, 1977 (via Fahy, 1980) |
1980 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | fetal brain tissue | <0,1 | -90 | Successful transplantation into a rat brain | Houle, Das, 1980 |
1983 | Human: unnamed donors | brain tissue | <0,1 | -70 | Metabolically, functionally active synapses | Hardy et al, 1983 |
1984 | Salamander S. keyserlingii | whole | 0.01 | -32 | Unknown | Berman et al, 1984 |
1984 | Human: unnamed donors | astrocytes (culture) | <0,1 | -70 | Astrocytes were growing in culture | Kim et al, 1984 |
1986 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | fetal brain cells | <0,1 | -90 | cultures indistinguishable from controls | Kawamoto, Barrett, 1986 |
1986 | Human: unnamed donors | oocytes | 0.0000000005 | -196 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Chen, 1986 |
1986 | Human: a 9-14 week abortus | fetal brain tissue | <0,1 | -80 | Brain cells were growing in culture | Groscurth et al., 1986 |
1986 | House mouse (M. musculus) | brain cells (culture) | <0,1 | -15 | Normal electrical activity, regeneration | Scott, Lew, 1986 |
1986 | Human: unnamed | whole (embryo) | 0.0000000005 | -196 | Likely yes (a standard praxis in 2018) | Graham, 2005 |
1986 | Human: Michelle Funk | whole | 10 | 19 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Clawson, 2013 |
1989 | Squirrel S. parryii | whole | 0.9 | -3 | Unknown | Barnes, 1989 |
1989 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | Pancreas (islets) | 0.00000003 | -196 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Warnock, Rajotte, 1989 |
1994 | Domestic dog (C. lupus f.) | whole | 10 | 7 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Taylor et al, 1994 |
1999 | Human: Anna Bågenholm | whole | 70 | 14 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Gilbert et al, 2000 |
2000 | European rabbit (O. cuniculus) | kidney | 0.000008 | -3 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Kheirabadi, Fahy, 2000 |
2001 | Human: Erika Nordby | whole | 9 | 16 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Greaves et al, 2002 |
2002 | Brown rat (R. norvegicus) | ovaries | 0.00001 | -79 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Wang et al, 2002 |
2003 | Domestic dog (C. lupus f.) | whole | 20 | 10 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Behringer et al, 2003 |
2003 | Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) | ovaries | 0.0001 | -140 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Bedaiwy et al, 2003 |
2004 | European rabbit (O. cuniculus) | kidney | 0.000008 | -45 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Fahy, 2004 |
2006 | Domestic pig (S. domesticus) | whole | 50 | 10 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Alam et al, 2006, 2008 |
2007 | Human: aortic surgery patients | whole | 70 | 17 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Hayashida et al, 2007 |
2008 | Domestic pig (S. domesticus) | liver | 2 | -40 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Gavish, 2008 |
2009 | Beetle Upis ceramboides | whole | 0.0002 | -60 | Unknown | Walters, 2009 |
2012 | Nematodes frozen for 26 years | whole | 0.0000003 | -20 | Unknown | Kagoshima et al, 2012 |
2015 | Nematode C. elegans | whole | 0.0000003 | -79 | Yes (long-term memory preserved) | Vita-More, Barranco, 2015 |
2016 | Human: trauma patients | whole | 80 | 10 | Likely yes (ongoing clinical trial) | Kutcher et al, 2016 |
2017 | Human: Tayyab Jafar | whole | 80 | 21 | Yes (no abnormalities observed) | Ormsby, 2017 |
2018 | Nematodes frozen for 30+ tsd yrs | whole | 0.0000003 | -10 | Unknown | Shatilovich et al, 2018 |
2018 | Human: unnamed donors | liver | 2 | 5 | Irrelevant - no brain tissue | Buchholz et al, 2018 |
- ↑ RomanPlusPlus (2019-01-11), SPTCR: curated repository of scientific papers on cryonics: RomanPlusPlus/scientific-progress-towards-cryonics, retrieved 2019-01-23