Timeline of 5G

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This is a timeline of 5G, the fifth generation cellular network technology.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

  • Which companies pioneer the technology development and network launch of the 5G generation?
  • Which countries and cities are the first to adopt 5G?
  • Which are some notable 5G-related products (handsets, modems) launched or to be released?
  • What are some indicative figures on 5G userbase and market penetration?

Big picture

Key year Development summary
2017 77 operators in 49 countries complete 5G trials. The non-standalone (NSA) mode of 5G NR specifications are approved by 3GPP.[1]
2018 "South Korea: Preview (Winter Olympics)" 3GPP approves standard frozen.[1]
2019 Commercial 5G networks begin deployment in a number of countries, including South Korea, China, and the United Arab Emirates.[1]
2020


Time period Cellular network generation Development summary
1979–1991 1G Exclusive period of the first generation of wireless cellular technology, starting with the first commercially automated cellular network launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1979. In 1981, the Nordic Mobile Telephone system simultaneously launches in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
1991–onwards 2G Second generation cellular network lifetime, first commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja.
2000–onwards 3G Third generation lifetime of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, starting with the first commercial 3G networks introduced in 2000.[2][3][4][5]
2009–onwards 4G Fourth generation lifetime of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, starting with the first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard commercially deployed in Oslo and Stockholm in 2009.
2019 5G 5G is first deployed in South Korea, followed by the United States.
Key country 5G development
South Korea South Korea is recognized as the world's first country to roll out 5G.
China
United States
Japan

Full timeline

Year Month and date Event type Organization Details Country/location
2008 April Partnership NASA, Machine-to-Machine Intelligence (M2Mi) Corp NASA partners with Geoff Brown and Machine-to-Machine Intelligence (M2Mi) Corp to develop 5G communications technology.[6] United States
2010 Research and development NTT Docomo NTT Docomo starts studying and experimenting with 5G.[7] Japan
2012 August Research and development NYU WIRELESS New York University founds NYU WIRELESS, a multi-disciplinary academic research center that has conducted pioneering work in 5G wireless communications.[8][9][10] United States
2012 October 8 Research and development University of Surrey The UK's University of Surrey secures £35million for a new 5G research center, jointly funded by the British government's UK Research Partnership Investment Fund (UKRPIF) and a consortium of key international mobile operators and infrastructure providers, including Huawei, Samsung, Telefonica Europe, Fujitsu Laboratories Europe, Rohde & Schwarz, and Aircom International. It aims at offering testing facilities to mobile operators keen to develop a mobile standard that uses less energy and less radio spectrum while delivering speeds faster than current 4G with aspirations for the new technology to be ready within a decade.[11][12][13][14] United Kingdom
2012 November 1 Program launch The EU project "Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society" (METIS) starts its activity towards the definition of 5G. METIS achieves an early global consensus on these systems. In this sense, METIS plays an important role of building consensus among other external major stakeholders prior to global standardization activities. This is done by initiating and addressing work in relevant global fora (e.g. ITU-R), as well as in national and regional regulatory bodies.[15] European Union
2012 November Program launch The iJOIN EU project is launched, focusing on "small cell" technology, which is of key importance for taking advantage of limited and strategic resources, such as the radio wave spectrum. According to Günther Oettinger, the European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society (2014–2019), "an innovative utilization of spectrum" is one of the key factors at the heart of 5G success. Oettinger further describes it as "the essential resource for the wireless connectivity of which 5G will be the main driver".[16] European Union
2013 May 12 Research and development Samsung Samsung Electronics announces development of a "5G" system. The core technology has a maximum speed of tens of Gbit/s (gigabits per second). In testing, the transfer speeds for the "5G" network sends data at 1.056 Gbit/s to a distance of up to 2 kilometers with the use of an 8*8 MIMO.[17][18] South Korea
2013 July Partnership India and Israel agree to work jointly on development of fifth generation (5G) telecom technologies.[19] India, Israel
2013 October 1 Recognition Nippon Telegraph and Telephone NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) wins Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications Award at CEATEC for its 5G R&D efforts.[20] Japan
2013 November 6 Research and development Huawei Huawei announces plans to invest a minimum of $600 million into R&D for next generation 5G networks capable of speeds 100 times faster than modern LTE networks.[21] China
2016 July Policy FCC The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) frees up vast amounts of bandwidth in underused high-band spectrum for 5G. The Spectrum Frontiers Proposal (SFP) doubles the amount of millimeter-wave unlicensed spectrum to 14GHz and creates four times the amount of flexible, mobile-use spectrum the FCC has licensed to date.[22] United States
2016 Testing AT&T AT&T starts conducting 5G field trials with mmWave spectrum.[1] United States
2017 January Testing Turkcell Turkcell, the largest mobile phone operator in Turkey, completes a 24.7 Gb/s 5G trial with Ericsson.[7] Turkey
2017 August Telecom Regulatory Authority of India The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India releases a PDF[1] that outlines the 5G standard draft and shows a timeframe for when 5G should be deployed around the world.[7] India
2017 September Testing Ericsson, Irancell Iranian telecommunications Irancell and Ericsson perform their first 5G test in Tehran and announce that 5G would be available in Iran in 2020.[7] Iran
2017 Late year Network launch América Móvil Mexican telecommunications company América Móvil announces the release of 4.5 networks in anticipation of a 5G release.[7] Mexico
2017 December Network standard 3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) approves NSA 5G NR specifications.[1]
2018 March Network standard 3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project approves standard frozen.[1]
2018 May Network launch STC Group STC Group launches its first live 5G network in Saudi Arabia (The first in the MENA region) after completing the testing and trial phase.[23] Saudi Arabia
2018 June Network standard 3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project approves SA 5G NR specifications.[1]
2018 June Network launch Elisa Finnish telecom operator Elisa launches the world’s first commercial 5G networks in Tampere and Tallinn.[24][25][26][27][28] Finland, Estonia
2018 June Research and development Smart Communications Filipino wireless communications provider Smart Communications announces the launch of 5G TehnoLab, their 5G innovation lab.[7] Philippines
2018 July Ericsson, Telefónica Telecom Ericsson and Telefónica Telecom demonstrate a 5G data transfer of 27 Gbps in Bogotá.[7] Colombia
2018 September Network standard 3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project approves Standard frozen.[1]
2018 September Program launch FCC The United States Federal Communications Commission announces its 5G FAST Plan in an effort to advance the country’s position among the countries that have deployed 5G networks. Part of this plan includes spectrum auctions.[29] United States
2018 September Testing NTT Docomo NTT Docomo successfully achieves 25–27 Gbps download speeds in a 5G trial with Mitsubishi Electric.[7] Japan
2018 September Partnership Nokia, Turkcell Turkish mobile phone operator Turkcell announces an agreement with Nokia to develop 5G technologies.[7] Turkey
2018 October 1 Network launch Verizon Verizon launches new 5G fixed–wireless access (FWA) service, starting in certain neighbourhoods of Houston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles and Sacramento.[30] The company is the first to have a non-standards-based deployment, that is actually a fixed broadband network.[29] United States
2018 November Testing Samsung, Turkcell Turkish mobile phone operator Turkcell trials 5G fixed wireless access solutions with Samsung in Istanbul.[7] Turkey
2018 November Infrastructure Smart Communications Smart Communications rolls out their first 5G cell sites in the Philippines.[7] Philippines
2018 December Network launch AT&T AT&T becomes the first United States carrier to launch a standards-based mobile 5G network servicing a dozen cities, albeit without any 5G-enabled devices.[29] United States
2018 December Partnership Ericsson, Tigo Ericsson announces that telecommunications company Tigo has chosen the company to modernize its radio access network. The deal "includes the provision of a 5G-ready multi-standard network."[7] Honduras
2019 February Technology milestone Hospital Clinic Barcelona A team of doctors at Hospital Clinic Barcelona carries out the world’s first 5G-powered telementored operation (removal of a cancerous tumor from a patient's colon), with surgeon overseeing the procedure at over three miles away.[31][32] Spain
2019 March Product launch Global Mobile Suppliers Association The Global Mobile Suppliers Association releases the industry's first database tracking worldwide 5G device.[33]
2019 March Partnership Huawei, U Mobile, ZTE Corporation, Maxis Communications Malaysian provider Maxis Communications, Huawei, U Mobile, and ZTE Corporation sign a memorandums of understanding to collaborate on 5G deployment in Malaysia.[7] Malaysia
2019 March Network launch Verizon Verizon activates its standards-based 5G network in Minneapolis and Chicago, before mobile 5G devices are available.[29] United States
2019 March 30 Network launch Shanghai starts both 5G coverage and broadband gigabit network trial runs, backed by Chinese telecom giant China Mobile.[34][35] China
2019 April 3 Technology milestone South Korea becomes the first country to adopt 5G.[36] Just hours later, Verizon launches its 5G services in the United States.[37] Back in South Korea, the three main telecommunication companies (SK Telecom, KT and LG Uplus) add more than 40,000 users to their 5G network on the launch day.[38] South Korea
2019 April Product launch Samsung Samsung announces having started mass production for its 5G chips. Among the new chip offerings is the Exynos Modem 5100, which contains a 5G multi-mode chipset.[39] South Korea
2019 May 16 Product launch Verizon Verizon begins selling Samsung Galaxy S10 5G.[29] United States
2019 May 24 Network launch Telstra Australian network operator Telstra launches limited 5G services in the country with a device that customers can use to connect other devices.[40] Australia
2019 May 30 Network launch EE Limited Mobile network operator EE Limited launches first 5G consumer mobile network in the United Kingdom in select locations in London, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Belfast, Birmingham and Manchester.[41][42][43][44] United Kingdom
2019 May 30 Network launch Etisalat Emirati multinational Etisalat launches 5G commercial service in the United Arab Emirates, along with ZTE 5G smartphone.[45][46][47] United Arab Emirates
2019 June 5 Network launch Batelco Batelco becomes the first to launch a commercial 5G network in Bahrain.[48][49][50] Bahrain
2019 June 6 Partnership Huawei Huawei signs a deal with Russian network provider MTS to develop a 5G network in the country over the next year.[51][52][53] China, Russia
2019 June 15 Network launch Huawei, Vodafone Huawei and Vodafone roll out in collaboration the first commercial 5G mobile services in Spain, making it one of the first European countries with the ultrafast mobile network in Europe.[54][55] Spain
2019 June 19 Network launch STC Group STC Group becomes the first operator to launch 5G commercial services in Saudi Arabia, making it available to customers in a number of cities in the Kingdom.[56] The service uses Ericsson commercial hardware.[57][58] Saudi Arabia
2019 June 27 Network launch Ericsson, RCS & RDS Ericsson and Romanian operator RCS & RDS launch Romania’s first 5G commercial service in the busiest parts of Bucharest.[59] Romania
2019 June Userbase South Korea reaches over one million 5G subscribers.[60] South Korea
2019 June Infrastructure Qualcomm American tech company Qualcomm starts construction of a 5G center in Taipei.[61] 5G service is expected to be available in Taiwan by January 2020, according to Vice Premier Chen Chi-mai.[62] Taiwan
2019 July 9 Network launch Huawei, Monaco Telecom Monaco Telecom launches its 5G network covering the entire city area in conjunction with the presentation of the commercial offer.[63][64] The microstate becomes the first in the world to have to have full, operational 5G coverage. The network is built by Huawei.[65][66][67] Monaco
2019 July 16 Network launch SK Telecom, Swisscom SK Telecom and Swisscom launch 5G roaming services for Koreans visiting Switzerland.[68][69][70] Switzerland
2019 July 18 Product launch Verizon Verizon announces 5G hotspot, the Inseego 5G MiFi M1000, at a cost of around US$600.[71][72]
2019 July 26 Infrastructure Telecom Italia, Vodafone Telecom Italia and Vodafone agree to merge their mobile tower infrastructure and to jointly roll out 5G in Italy.[73][74] Italy
2019 August 5 Product launch ZTE ZTE releases the first 5G phone in China with the launch of the Axon 10 Pro 5G t, which comes equipped with a 6.47-inch 1080p AMOLED display, and will use one of Qualcomm’s first generation X50 5G modems to connect to China’s upcoming 5G wireless network.[75][76] China
2019 August 5 Network launch Ericsson, Vodafone Ericsson and Vodafone launch in Germany a commercial 5G network using Ericsson products and solutions, with their sights set on bringing 5G to 20 million people in the country by the end of 2021.[77] Germany
2019 August 6 Network launch AT&T AT&T rolls out limited 5G in parts of New York City, but only accessible to business customers and developers. As of date, AT&T lags behind Verizon, which offers 5G services in nine cities.[78][79][80][81] United States
2019 August 8 Network launch Ericsson, Tele2 Ericsson and Tele2 launch Russia's first 5G zone in central Moscow. Ericsson provides the equipment for the network, which is run by Tele2.[82][83][84] Russia
2019 August 13 Network launch Vodafone Vodafone launches 5G services in five Irish cities: Cork, Dublin, Galway, Limerick and Waterford.[85] Ireland
2019 September 1 Network launch Huawei Huawei deploys 5G In Russia.[86] Russia
2019 September 2 Partnership Iliad SA, Nokia French telecommunications provider Iliad SA announces partnership with Nokia as for 5G network deployments in France and Italy.[87][88][89] France, Italy
2019 September 3 Product launch Samsung Samsung announces the launch of its first SoC that integrates 5G connectivity. The device, called Exynos 980, combines a 5G modem and mobile application processor into one chip, thus increasing power efficiency and occupying less space within smartphones compared to older generation SoCs.[90][91][92][93]
2019 September 5 Network launch Verizon Verizon launches 5G in National Football League stadiums across the United States, with 13 expected to be live by the start of the 2019-20 football season. Attendees would still need to have a 5G compatible phone to access the 5G networks, which can download data 10 to 100 times faster than the average 4G LTE connection.[94][95][96][97][98] United States
2019 September 6 Product launch Qualcomm American company Qualcomm announces expansion of its 5G modems across its Snapdragon 8 series, 7 series and 6 series processors.[99][100] United States
2019 September 9 Public reception Several hundred people demonstrate in The Hague against the arrival of 5G mobile phone networks in the Netherlands, and call for the government to reduce the level of permitted radiation from the new generation mobile phones, improve privacy regulations and assess the effect on the climate.[101] Netherlands
2019 September 9 Partnership Samsung, SK Telecom Samsung announces partnership with SK Telecom to develop and commercialize the world's first 8K-5G TV. The device is expected to offer ultra-high resolution screen that is also capable of extremely fast connection speeds, enabling users to download VR and other data-heavy content.[102][103] South Korea
2019 September 16 Acquisition Qualcomm Qualcomm announces full acquisition of RF360 (a joint venture between TDK and Qualcomm) in order to boost content in 5G smartphones.[104][105][106][107]
2019 September 18 Network launch Rain South African data-only operator Rain launches a commercial 5G wireless home broadband service in parts of Johannesburg and Tshwane, the first 5G network in the country.[108][109][110] South Africa
2019 September 19 Product launch Huawei Huawei launches a new 5G flagship smartphone lineup without pre-installed Google-licensed apps.[111][112] China
2019 September Network launch NTT Docomo NTT Docomo launches pre-commercial 5G services.[7] Japan
2019 October 8 Partnership Ericsson, Telia Ericsson is selected by service provider Telia as its sole 5G radio access network (RAN) vendor for Telia's next-generation nationwide network in Norway. 5G rollouts are expected to start in 2020 and extend through 2023.[113][114] Norway
2019 October Network launch Eir Irish broadband telecommunications company Eir launches 5G in Ireland with help from Ericsson’s 5G core. The network is expected to cover up to 110 towns and cities around the country in a number of weeks.[115] Ireland
2019 November 1 Network launch China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom China state carriers China Mobile (CHL), China Telecom (CHA) and China Unicom (CHU) formally announce the rollout of 5G service, laying out their price plans and data speeds. All three offer 5G plans that start at 128 yuan (US$18) for 30 GB of data per month.[116][117][118] China
2019 November 11 Partnership Zain Group, Ericsson Kuwaiti mobile telecommunications company Zain Group announces having selected Ericsson to build its 5G network in Bahrain, with the first commercial 5G services expected to go live before the end of 2019.[119] Bahrain
2019 November 14 Partnership Ericsson, MTN South Africa MTN South Africa selects Ericsson as a 5G network modernization vendor. Ericsson would supply 5G products and solutions from its Radio Access Network (RAN), transport and Core portfolios, with commercial rollout expected to start in 2020.[120] South Africa
2019 November 15 Technology Samsung, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Openet Samsung Electronics, Hewlett Packard Enterprise and software vendor Openet announce the successful integration of a cloud-native 5G standalone (SA) Core with multivendor interoperability. The test features the integration of Samsung’s control, user plane network function, and orchestrator with HPE’s shared data environment and network functions, and Openet’s cloud-native network functions software. A 5G SA core would allow operators to offer many of the new services considered paramount to 5G, including network slicing, mobile edge computing, analytics driven by artificial intelligence, and ultra-low latency networks.[121][122][123] South Korea
2019 November 19 Network launch Verizon Verizon ads 5G network to Boston, Houston and Sioux Falls, bringing the total number of cities with the carrier’s next-generation network to 18.[124] United States
2019 November 20 Network launch EE Limited EE Limited announces having switched on 5G technology in 14 new cities and towns across the United Kingdom, adding the service to Castlereagh, Guildford, Hamilton, Harlow, Hoddesdon, Kimberley, Lisburn, Maidstone, Sydenham, Watford and Wolverhampton, as well as Liverpool, Glasgow and Huddersfield.[125] United Kingdom
2019 November 21 Infrastructure As of date, China has 113,000 5G base stations.[126] China
2019 December 3 Network launch T-Mobile T-Mobile announces the launch of its nationwide 5G network in the United States, becoming the first American carrier to offer 5G access across the country.[127] The network is expected to cover more than 200 million people and more than 1 million square miles.[128] United States
2019 December 10 Technology milestone Ericsson Australian telecommunications company Optus claims to have made the world’s first 5G data call using lower frequency 2.3 GHz spectrum in a trial completed in Sydney using kit from Ericsson. The lower frequency is expected ultimately to offer even greater speeds as well as providing greater coverage depth enabling even more customers to benefit from 5G services.[129] Australia
2019 December 11 Partnership Nokia Nokia announces development of a strategic partnership ecosystem to bring local 5G/private wireless LTE to industrial and government customers in Japan.[130] Japan
2019 December 11 Research and development SK Telecom, Samsung Heavy Industries South Korean SK Telecom and Samsung Heavy Industries announce joint development of a 5G-based autonomous platform for testing of the technology. The test ship, built by SHI, is equiped with remote control capabilities, 5G-based Lidar, a cloud-based IoT platform and real-time video monitoring from SK Telecom.[131] South Korea
2019 December 11 Network launch Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom launches commercial 5G services in Hamburg.[132] Germany
2020 January 17 Network launch Uganda trials network and becomes the first country in East Africa to adopt 5G technology.[133] Uganda
2020 July Network launch NTT Docomo NTT Docomo plans to have 5G base stations in all 47 Japanese prefectures by this time.[134] Japan
2021 Spring Network launch NTT Docomo NTT Docomo plans to reach a total of 10,000 5G base stations by this time.[134] Japan
2024 Userbase 5G subscriptions are expected to reach 1.5 billion by this time, with US$301 billion in revenue, driven predominantly by high demand for faster speeds, according to September 2019 research from GlobalData. The Asia Pacific region is expected to be the biggest market.[135][136]

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References

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