Difference between revisions of "Timeline of anesthesiology"

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| 1596 || || The South American {{w|arrow poison}} is described.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
 
| 1596 || || The South American {{w|arrow poison}} is described.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
 
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| 1628 || Book || English physician {{w|William Harvey}} publishes in {{w|Frankfurt}} his completed treatise on the {{w|circulatory system}}, ''Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus'', establishing the circulation of the blood.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/><ref>{{cite web |title='De Motu Cordis', by William Harvey, Frankfurt, Germany, 1628 |url=http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/objects/display?id=6109 |website=sciencemuseum.org.uk |accessdate=21 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1628 || Literature || English physician {{w|William Harvey}} publishes in {{w|Frankfurt}} his completed treatise on the {{w|circulatory system}}, ''Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus'', establishing the circulation of the blood.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/><ref>{{cite web |title='De Motu Cordis', by William Harvey, Frankfurt, Germany, 1628 |url=http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/objects/display?id=6109 |website=sciencemuseum.org.uk |accessdate=21 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
 
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| 1659 || || Anglo-Irish chemist {{w|Robert Boyle}} pioneers intravenous therapy by injecting opium through a goose quill into a dog's vein.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1659 || || Anglo-Irish chemist {{w|Robert Boyle}} pioneers intravenous therapy by injecting opium through a goose quill into a dog's vein.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1914 || || "Dr. Dennis E. Jackson develops a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbing anesthesia system, allowing for a patient to re-breathe their exhaled air containing the anesthetic, cleansed of the carbon dioxide, resulting in the use of less anesthetic and the avoidance of waste. Ten years later, Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro.""<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
 
| 1914 || || "Dr. Dennis E. Jackson develops a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbing anesthesia system, allowing for a patient to re-breathe their exhaled air containing the anesthetic, cleansed of the carbon dioxide, resulting in the use of less anesthetic and the avoidance of waste. Ten years later, Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro.""<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
 
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| 1916 || Book || Paluel J. Flagg publishes ''The Art of Anaesthesia''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flagg |first1=Paluel Joseph |title=The Art of Anaesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Art_of_Anaesthesia.html?id=j0CM1rnp93MC&redir_esc=y}}</ref> ||
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| 1916 || Literature || Paluel J. Flagg publishes ''The Art of Anaesthesia''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flagg |first1=Paluel Joseph |title=The Art of Anaesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Art_of_Anaesthesia.html?id=j0CM1rnp93MC&redir_esc=y}}</ref> ||
 
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| 1917 || || British anesthetist {{w|Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle}} first describes the {{w|anaesthetic machine}} (also known as Boyle's machine).<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1917 || || British anesthetist {{w|Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle}} first describes the {{w|anaesthetic machine}} (also known as Boyle's machine).<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}

Revision as of 09:33, 14 September 2018

This is a timeline of anesthesiology.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
Ancient times Attempts to alleviate the pain of disease, injury or simple surgical procedures by inducing unconsciousness are almost as old as civilization itself. Most involve ingestion of ethanol and or herbal mixtures, but ‘knock-out’ blows to the head and carotid artery compression (carotid derives from the Greek for stupor) are also described.[1]
Middle ages Di-ethyl ether, the first agent to be demonstrated successfully in public, is originally synthesized (by the action of sulphuric acid on ethanol) in the 13th century, and there are early reports of both analgesic and soporific effects.[1]
19th century "During most of the nineteenth century, the vast majority of notable advances in the science of anesthesiology were achieved by basic scientists [10]. Among physiologists, Pierre Jean Marie Flourens, François Magendie, and Claude Bernard are respected for their work on the effects and site of action of anesthetic gases. Pharmacologists and chemists, including Joseph Friedrich von Mering, Hans Meyer, and Charles Overton, synthesized novel drugs and investigated the properties that enabled a chemical to function as an anesthetic. Surgeons, obstetricians, and dentists contributed the bulk of clinical advances in the field [10]. Most of the practicing anesthetists functioned primarily as technicians who made meager contributions to advancing the scientific underpinnings of the discipline. But in the late nineteenth century, this would begin to change."[2] In the 1980s, a movement opposing all types of human suffering is promoted by surgeon English physician Henry Hill Hickman.[2]
20th century By 1950 all of the elements of modern anaesthesia are in place. Very few of the drugs of that time are still in use, but their modern successors are really only improvements on the same theme.[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
c.4000 BC Opium poppy is depicted in Sumerian artifacts.[3]
c.2250 BC Babylonians relieve toothache with henbane (Hyoscyamus niger).[3]
c.1600 BC Acupuncture is practiced in China.[3] China
c.600 BC Indian physician Sushruta uses cannabis vapors to sedate surgical patients. Over ensuing centuries, other herbs like aconitum would supplement that sedation in India and eventually in China.[3] India
c.400 BC Assyrians use carotid compression to produce brief unconsciousness before circumcision or cataract surgery. Egyptians employ the same technique for eye surgery.[3]
64 AC Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides recommends mandrake boiled in wine to "cause the insensibility of those who are to be cut or cauterized."[3]
c.160 AC Chinese physician Hua Tuo performs surgery with his general anesthetic Mafeisan, a wine and herbal mixture.[3] China
500 Hippocrates describes BC Opium analgesia.[4]
c.800 – 1200s "After herbal mixtures including opium, mandrake, henbane, and/or hemlock are steeped into a soporific or sleep-bearing sponge ("spongia somnifera"), the sponge is dampened so that anesthetic vapors or drippings can be applied to a patient's nostrils. These sponges were likely historical cousins to the so-called Roman or Arabic sponges (used during crucifixions, surgeries, and other painful events)."[3]
c.1350 Inca shamans chew coca leaves mixed with vegetable ash and drip their cocaine-laden saliva into the wounds of patients.[3] South America
1540 German physician Valerius Cordus describes a revolutionary technique to synthesize ether, which involves adding sulfuric acid to ethyl alcohol.[2] Cordus synthesizes diethyl ether by distilling ethanol and sulphuric acid into what he calls "sweet oil of vitriol."[3]
1596 The South American arrow poison is described.[4]
1628 Literature English physician William Harvey publishes in Frankfurt his completed treatise on the circulatory system, Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, establishing the circulation of the blood.[4][5] Germany
1659 Anglo-Irish chemist Robert Boyle pioneers intravenous therapy by injecting opium through a goose quill into a dog's vein.[3] United Kingdom
1665 The first injection of opium is performed into a dog.[4]
1754 Joseph Black discovers carbon dioxide.[1]
1771 English chemist and natural philosopher Joseph Priestley discovers "airs" of oxygen. Priestley becomes the first to isolate oxygen.[2][1] United Kingdom
1772 Joseph Priestley discovers nitrous oxide.[4][1] United Kingdom
1779 German doctor Franz Mesmer describes using magnets and hypnosis to cure many ailments.[3]
1796 James Moore compresses nerves to produce local anesthesia.[4]
1796 German pharmacist Wilhelm August Lampadius discovers Carbon Disulfide, which is later used as treatment for a variety of diseases and is tried as an anesthetic agent before the advent of chloroform.[6] Germany
1799 British chemist Humphry Davy introduces nitrous oxide into medical practice.[2] United Kingdom
1800 Humphry Davy observes "As nitrous oxide in its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in which no great effusion of blood takes place."[3] United Kingdom
1804 Japanese surgeon Hanaoka Seishū formulates his general anesthetic Tsusensan.[3] Japan
1805 German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner isolates a new substance from opium, which he later names "morphium" after Morpheus, the god of dreams.[3] Germany
1818 British scientist Michael Faraday, after studying the inhalation of ether, publishes his findings, including soporific and analgesic effects.[1] United Kingdom
1824 English physician Henry Hill Hickman describes carbon dioxide anesthesia for animals.[3][6] United Kingdom
1829 French physician Jules Germain Cloquet in Paris uses hypnosis for mastectomy.[4][7] France
1831 Chloroform is discovered independently by American physician Samuel Guthrie, French scientist Eugène Soubeiran, and German chemist Justus von Liebig.[3][8][9][10] United States, France, Germany
1845 Field development American dentist Horace Wells demonstrates nitrous oxide anesthesia for a tooth extraction near Massachusetts General Hospital.[3] United States
1846 Field development American dentist William T. G. Morton becomes the first in the world to publicly and successfully demonstrate the use of ether anesthesia for surgery.[3] United States
1847 Scottish obstetrician James Young Simpson begins administering chloroform to women for pain during childbirth. Chloroform quickly becomes a popular anesthetic for surgery and dental procedures as well. [3] United Kingdom
1847 Field development The first veterinary treatment using anaesthesia begins at Veterinary College London.[4] United Kingdom
1848 "First anaesthetic death. Hannah Greener aged 15 died after chloroform administration (she had had a toenail removed)"[4]
1853 Field development Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent the hollow hypodermic needle, which is attached to an earlier invention, the syringe, popularized in 1845 by Francis Rynd from Ireland[3]
1853 – 1857 "Dr. John Snow (1813-1858)-A fulltime anesthetist since 1847, Dr. Snow popularizes obstetric anesthesia by chloroforming Queen Victoria for the birth of Prince Leopold (1853) and Princess Beatrice (1857). His books On the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether** and On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics*** enlightened physician-anesthetists. His sourcing of the 1854 London cholera epidemic to the Broad Street water pump founded epidemiology."[3]
1857 "Claude Bernard, for example, alluded to the paralytic effect of curare in 1857"[2]
1860 Drug Cocaine is isolated.[4]
1863 ""Professor" Gardner Quincy Colton (1814-1898) of the Cooper Institute in New York reintroduces nitrous oxide."[3]
1867 Literature British surgeon Joseph Lister publishes paper On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery, thus introducing antiseptic surgery.[4][11][12] United Kingdom
1868 "Dr. Edmund Andrews (1824-1904) of Chicago proposes using nitrous oxide mixed with oxygen as an anesthetic in the Chicago Medical Examiner."[3]
1884 Viennese ophthalmologist Karl Koller introduces cocaine as an anesthetic for eye surgery.[3] Austria
1889 "At the Philadelphia College of Dentistry, Henry I. Dorr, MD, DDS was appointed as the world's 1st Professor of the Practice of Dentistry, Anaesthetics and Anaesthesia. The world's 1st unidisciplinary "Professors of Anaesthesia" will follow in dentistry at Chicago's American College of Dental Surgery (1892, George Leininger, MD) and in medicine at the New York Homeopathic Medical College (1903, T. Drysdale Buchanan, MD).[3]
1891 Literature The Dental and Surgical Microcosm is published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the world's first journal "devoted chiefly to the science of Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics."[3] United States
1893 Organization The London Society of Anaesthetists, the world's first anesthesia society, is formed in London.[3] United Kingdom
1894 "Medical students E. Amory Codman (1869-1940) and Harvey Cushing (1869-1939)-develop the first anesthesia record using observed respiratory rate and palpated pulse rate. By 1901, Cushing will add blood pressure measurement by Riva Rocci sphygmomanometry; by 1903, respiratory rate and heart rate as auscultated by precordial stethoscope (use of which was pioneered by Cushing on dogs and by his favorite physician-anesthetist, S. Griffith Davis, on patients)."[3]
1894 American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing advocates the use of anaesthetic record charts.[13][6][14][4] United States
1898 Field development German surgeon August Bier performs the first operation under spinal anaesthesia.[3]
1901 "Caudal epidural analgesia is described independently by France's Drs. Jean-Anthanase Sicard and Fernand Cathelin. Their innovation comes after an inadvertent epidural injection by Dr. J. Leonard Corning (1855-1923).[3]
1902 "Dr. Mathias J. Seifert of Chicago coins the words "anesthesiology" and "anesthesiologist." He asserted that an "ANESTHETIST" is a technician and an "ANESTHESIOLOGIST" is the scientific authority on anesthesia and anesthetics."[3]
1905 The Long Island Society of Anesthetists (LISA) is founded as the first professional anesthesia society in the United States.[3] United States
1905 German chemist Alfred Einhorn first synthesizes procaine and names the substance "novocain".[3] Germany
1909 Endotracheal anesthesia is introduced by Samuel James Meltzer and John Auer.[6]
1914 "the American Journal of Surgery, in 1914, began publication of the Quarterly Supplement of Anesthesia and Analgesia, which endured until 1926."[2]
1914 "Dr. Dennis E. Jackson develops a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbing anesthesia system, allowing for a patient to re-breathe their exhaled air containing the anesthetic, cleansed of the carbon dioxide, resulting in the use of less anesthetic and the avoidance of waste. Ten years later, Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro.""[3]
1916 Literature Paluel J. Flagg publishes The Art of Anaesthesia.[15]
1917 British anesthetist Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle first describes the anaesthetic machine (also known as Boyle's machine).[4] United Kingdom
1920 "Arthur Guedel publishes his eye signs of ether anesthesia in the American Journal of Surgery. His Guedel (oral) airway is still used today, and he has been memorialized by the Arthur E. Guedel Memorial Anesthesia Center, San Francisco, CA."[3]
1920 British anesthetist Ivan Magill and Stanley Rowbotham develop endotracheal anesthesia.[4] United Kingdom
1922 "From Cleveland, Ohio, Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia is launched by Francis H. "Frank" McMechan (1879-1939) as the world's first journal published by an anesthesia society, the International Anesthesia Research Society." [3]
1923 "Dr. Isabella Herb administers the first ethylene-oxygen surgical anesthetic. She demonstrated the remarkable trance-like state that low-dose ethylene could induce in human subjects."[3]
1930 Brian Sword introduces the circle absorption system.[3]
1932 The Association of anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland is formed.[4] United Kingdom, Ireland
1934 Thiopentone is popularized.[4]
1935 The first diploma in anesthesia in England is awarded.[6] United Kingdom
1942 Drug Muscle relaxants are introduced.[4]
1945 Organization The American Society of Anesthesiologists is established.[4] United States
1951 Drug Charles Suckling in Manchester first synthesizes Halothane.[16][17][18][4] United Kingdom
1955 Organization The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) is established in Scheveningen, Netherlands, at the first World Congress of Anaesthesiologists (WCA).[3] Netherlands
1960 Drug Methoxyflurane is introduced into clinical practice.[16]
1963 "Dr. Edmond I. Eger, II describes minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), later characterized as "the concentration [of inhaled anesthetic] producing immobility in 50% of patients subjected to a noxious stimulus.""[3]
1964 "Dr. Günter Corssen et al. begin human trials of the dissociative intravenous anesthetic ketamine."[3]
1966 Robert Virtue begins human trials of the inhalational anesthetic enflurane.[19][3]
1970 Field development Mexican anesthesiologist J. Antonio Aldrete publishes his "Postanesthetic Recovery Score."[3]
1972 Drug Isoflurane is introduced as an inhalational anesthetic.[3]
1973 Japanese physiologist and bioengineer Takuo Aoyagi introduces the pulse oximeter.[20][4]
1983 Field development The laryngeal mask airway is introduced.[4]
1985 Organization The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) is established by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.[21][22][23] United States
1987 Drug Desflurane is introduced for clinical use.[3]
1992 Drug "Desflurane is clinically introduced as an inhalational anesthetic."[3]
1994 Drug "Sevoflurane is clinically introduced as an inhalational anesthetic."[3]

Meta information on the timeline

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See also

External links

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "The History of Anaesthesia". rcoa.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2018. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology". journalofethics.ama-assn.org. Retrieved 20 August 2018. 
  3. 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 3.46 3.47 "History of Anesthesia". woodlibrarymuseum.org. Retrieved 20 August 2018. 
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 "History of anaesthesia". anaesthesiasociety.org.nz. Retrieved 20 August 2018. 
  5. "'De Motu Cordis', by William Harvey, Frankfurt, Germany, 1628". sciencemuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2018. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Sebastian, Anton. A Dictionary of the History of Medicine. 
  7. Gravitz, Melvin A. "Early Uses of Hypnosis as Surgical Anesthesia". American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 
  8. Wawersik, J. "[History of chloroform anesthesia].". 
  9. Frost, Elizabeth A.M. Comprehensive Guide to Education in Anesthesia. 
  10. Barceloux, Donald G. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants. 
  11. B, Jessney. "Joseph Lister (1827-1912): a pioneer of antiseptic surgery remembered a century after his death.". 
  12. "JUNE 17, 1867: LISTER CUTS CLEAN, SAVES LIVES". wired.com. Retrieved 21 August 2018. 
  13. Perioperative Considerations and Positioning for Neurosurgical Procedures: A Clinical Guide (y Adam Arthur, Kevin Foley, C. Wayne Hamm ed.). 
  14. Bliss, Michael. Harvey Cushing: A Life in Surgery. 
  15. Flagg, Paluel Joseph. The Art of Anaesthesia. 
  16. 16.0 16.1 Barceloux, Donald G. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants. 
  17. Agasti, TK. Textbook of Anesthesia for Postgraduates. 
  18. Wylie Churchill-Davidson's A Practice of Anesthesia 7th Edition (Thomas EJ Healy, Paul R Knight ed.). 
  19. "History of Anesthesia - Enflurane". dailyrounds.org. Retrieved 21 August 2018. 
  20. "Pulse oximetry: Its invention, contribution to medicine, and future tasks". researchgate.net. Retrieved 20 August 2018. 
  21. Eichhorn, JH. "The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation at 25: a pioneering success in safety, 25th anniversary provokes reflection, anticipation.". PMID 22253277. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182427536. 
  22. "FOUNDATION HISTORY". apsf.org. Retrieved 22 August 2018. 
  23. Stoelting, Robert K. "Anesthesia Patient Safety—Past, Present, and Future".