Timeline of face masks

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This is a timeline of FIXME.

Sample questions

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Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
6th century BC "The earliest recorded face mask-like objects in history date to the 6th century BC"[1]
14th century "In the 14th century, the Black Death spread to Europe. This also greatly promoted the emergence of functional face mask-like objects."[1]
1868–1912 "The modern history of masks begins in the Meiji Era (1868-1912)"[2]
1912–1926 "The mask business flourished during the Taisho Era (1912-26) as the economy boomed with factories filling orders from Europe in the throes of World War I. Numerous products made from leather, velvet and other materials advertised under various brands inundated the market."[2]
1920s "The surgical mask was used first in the operating rooms of Germany and the USA in the 1920s."[3]
1930s "n the middle of the 1930s, the research on the role of facemasks was continued in Germany and the USA"[3]
1940s " Only in the 1940s, washable and sterilizable masks gained acceptance in German and international surgery with only the number of gauze layers varying (2–3, 3–4)"[3]
1960s "Beginning in the mid-1960s, the use of disposable items made of paper and fleece was introduced all over the world after this was started in the USA."[3]

Full timeline

Year Target Event type Details Location
1879 "In 1879, one of the first domestically produced masks was advertised in newspapers."[2] Japan
1897 "Johann Von Mikulicz Radecki describes a surgical mask composed on one layer of gauze."[4]
1897 "In 1897, the hygienist Carl Friedrich Flügge (1847–1923) working in Breslau at this time published his works on the development of droplet infections [6–8] as part of his research on the genesis of tuberculosis [7]."[3] Poland
1897 "In the same year, 1897, a cooperation work between Flügge and Theodor Billroth’s (1829–1894) disciple Johannes von Mikulicz (1850–1905), who also worked in Breslau since 1890, was published. Their publication dealt with performing operations wearing a ‘mouth bandage’. In here, Mikulicz described a one-layered mask made of gauze"[3]
1898 "Huebner recommends that masks made of two layers of gauze, worn at a distance from the nose, be used during operations."[4]
1905 "Hamilton proposes that scarlet fever is transmitted through droplet infection. She recommends that masks be worn by nurses handling sterile dressings and by doctors during surgery because of the danger of droplet infection from the mouth and nose."[4]
1906 "Lord Moynihan advocates use of masks during operations."[4]
1910 "Until 1910, the application of face covers was not common in surgery and the general hospitals."[3]
1915 "Meltzer advises that masks of fine mesh gauze be used to cover the faces of patients with infantile paralysis and the faces of personnel attending them."[4]
1918 Weaver reports that over a two-year period the incidence of diphtheria contracted by attendants of infected patients was reduced to zero after wearing masks of double thickness gauze.[4]
1927 "One year later, Martin Kirschner (1879–1942), who held the chair for surgery in Heidelberg, elaborately described the necessity of wearing a facemask in his multi-volume operational theory in the chapter ‘measures to combat infections’"[3]
1935 "In the following edition of the book ‘assistance for operating staff’ published in 1935, facemasks were then mentioned"[3]
2020 (April 15) Coronavirus disease 2019 Scientists claim having developed a biodegradable material for face masks which is effective at removing particles smaller than 100 nanometres including viruses and has a high breathability.[5][6] Australia
2020 (April 27) Face masks become mandatory for shopping and in public transportation in Germany.[3] Germany

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

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What the timeline is still missing

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See also

  1. 1.0 1.1 "The evolution of face masks". globaltimes.cn. Retrieved 10 September 2020. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 "The history behind Japan's love of face masks". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved 10 September 2020. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Matuschek, Christiane; Moll, Friedrich; Fangerau, Heiner; Fischer, Johannes C.; Zänker, Kurt; van Griensven, Martijn; Schneider, Marion; Kindgen-Milles, Detlef; Knoefel, Wolfram Trudo; Lichtenberg, Artur; Tamaskovics, Bálint; Djiepmo-Njanang, Freddy Joel; Budach, Wilfried; Corradini, Stefanie; Häussinger, Dieter; Feldt, Torsten; Jensen, Björn; Pelka, Rainer; Orth, Klaus; Peiper, Matthias; Grebe, Olaf; Maas, Kitti; Bölke, Edwin; Haussmann, Jan. "The history and value of face masks". PMID 32576263 Check |pmid= value (help). doi:10.1186/s40001-020-00423-4. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Spooner, John L. [Johann Von Mikulicz Radecki describes a surgical mask composed on one layer of gauze. "History of Surgical Face Masks"] Check |url= value (help). doi:10.1016/S0001-2092(08)71359-0. 
  5. Layt, Stuart (14 April 2020). "Queensland researchers hit sweet spot with new mask material". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 22 August 2020. 
  6. Technology (QUT), Queensland University of. "New mask material can remove virus-size nanoparticles". QUT. Retrieved 22 August 2020.