Timeline of infection control

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Year Event type Infection type Details Country/region
1523 Cordon sanitaire Plague "In 1523, during a plague outbreak in Birgu, the town was cordoned off by guards to prevent the disease from spreading to the rest of Malta"
1666 Cordon sanitaire Plague "n May 1666, the English village of Eyam famously imposed a cordon sanitaire on itself after an outbreak of the bubonic plague in the community."
1708–1712 Cordon sanitaire Plague "During the Great Northern War plague outbreak of 1708–1712, cordons sanitaires were established around affected towns like Stralsund and Königsberg; one was also established around the whole Duchy of Prussia and another one between Scania and the Danish isles along the Sound, with Saltholm as the central quarantine station"
1770 Cordon sanitaire Plague "In 1770 the Empress Maria Theresa set up a cordon sanitaire between Austria and the Ottoman Empire to prevent people and goods infected with plague from crossing the border. Cotton and wool were held in storehouses for weeks, with peasants paid to sleep on the bales and monitored to see if they showed signs of disease. "
1793 Cordon sanitaire Yellow fever "During the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic, roads and bridges leading to the city were blocked off by soldiers from the local militia to prevent the illness from spreading. "
1801 General The first hospital for infectious diseases is established in London.[1] United Kingdom
1813–1814 "During the 1813–14 Malta plague epidemic, the main urban settlements of Malta (Valletta, Floriana and the Three Cities) and rural settlements with a high mortality rate (Birkirkara, Qormi, Żebbuġ and later Xagħra) were cordoned off by the military to prevent people from entering or leaving"
1821 Cordon sanitaire "The term cordon sanitaire dates to 1821"
1821 Cordon sanitaire Yellow fever "The 1821 yellow fever epidemic ravaged Barcelona and a cordon sanitaire was set up around the entire city of 150,000 people. Between 18,000 and 20,000 died in four months"
1856 Cordon sanitaire Yellow fever "During the 1856 yellow fever epidemic a cordon sanitaire was implemented in several cities in the state of Georgia with moderate success"
1869 Cordon sanitaire Cholera "In 1869, Adrien Proust (father of novelist Marcel Proust) proposed the use of an international cordon sanitaire to control the spread of cholera, which had emerged from India and was threatening Europe and Africa. Proust proposed that all ships bound for Europe from India and Southeast Asia be quarantined at Suez, however his ideas were not generally embraced"
1876 Robert Koch publishes his work on anthrax, for the first time conclusively proving that a bacterium could be a specific infectious agent.[1]
1882 Cordon sanitaire Yellow fever "in 1882, in response to a virulent outbreak of yellow fever in Brownsville, Texas, and in northern Mexico, a cordon sanitaire was established 180 miles north of the city, terminating at the Rio Grande to the west and the Gulf of Mexico to the east."
1886 Rabies Louis Pasteur successfully immunizes a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog with spinal cord suspensions of inactivated rabies virus.[1]
1888 Cordon sanitaire "In 1888, during a yellow fever epidemic, the city of Jacksonville, Florida, was surrounded by an armed cordon sanitaire by order of Governor Edward A. Perry"
1899 Cordon sanitaire "In 1899 an outbreak of the plague in Honolulu was managed by a cordon sanitaire around the Chinatown district. In an attempt to control the infection, a barbed wire perimeter was created and people's belongings and homes were burned"
1900 By this time, there are 4,000 hospitals in the United States.[1] United States
1900–1904 Cordon sanitaire "During the San Francisco plague of 1900–1904 San Francisco's Chinatown was subjected to a cordon sanitaire"
1902 Cordon sanitaire "In 1902, Louisiana imposed a cordon sanitaire to prevent Italian immigrants from disembarking at the port of New Orleans. "
1903–1914 Cordon sanitaire Trypanosomiasis "From 1903 to 1914, the Belgian colonial government imposed a cordon sanitaire on Uele Province in the Belgian Congo to control outbreaks of trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)"
1918 Cordon sanitaire Influenza "The 1918 flu pandemic spread so rapidly that, in general, there was no time to implement cordons sanitaires. However, to prevent an introduction of the infection, residents of Gunnison, Colorado isolated themselves from the surrounding area for two months at the end of 1918. All highways were barricaded near the county lines"
1918 Cordon sanitaire Influenza "During the 1918 flu pandemic, the then Governor of American Samoa, John Martin Poyer, imposed a reverse cordon sanitaire of the islands from all incoming ships, successfully achieving zero deaths within the territory.[23] In contrast, the neighboring New Zealand-controlled Western Samoa was among the hardest hit, with a 90% infection rate and over 20% of its adults dying from the disease"
1946 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is founded.[1] United States
1972 Cordon sanitaire Smallpox "During the 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak, over 10,000 people were sequestered in cordons sanitaires of villages and neighborhoods using roadblocks, and there was a general prohibition of public meetings, a closure of all borders and a prohibition of all non-essential travel."
1984 Hospital-acquired infection A survey in Australia documents that 6.3% of 28,643 hospitalized patients in the country have a hospital-acquired infection, with the highest rates in larger hospitals.[2] Australia
1995 Cordon sanitaire Ebola "In 1995 a cordon sanitaire was used to control an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Kikwit, Zaire"
1995 Hospital-acquired infection The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 1.9 million cases of hospital-acquired infection occurred in the United States.[3] United States
2003 Cordon sanitaire Severe acute respiratory syndrome During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, "community quarantine" is used to successfully reduce transmission of the disease.[4] Canada
2003 Cordon sanitaire Severe acute respiratory syndrome During the 2003 SARS outbreak in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, large-scale quarantine is imposed on travelers arriving from other SARS areas, work and school contacts of suspected cases, and, in a few instances, entire apartment complexes where high attack rates of SARS were occurring.[5] China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore
2004 Cordon sanitaire Ebola A cordon sanitaire is established around some of the most affected areas of the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak.[6][7] On 19 August, the Liberian government quarantined the entirety of West Point, Monrovia and issued a curfew statewide.[8] Liberia
2020 Cordon sanitaire Coronavirus disease 2019 A multiple number of lockdowns are imposed worldwide in response to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. China

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