Difference between revisions of "Timeline of life extension"

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| 1954 || || || Aging as a disease: Robert M. Perlman coins the terms "aging syndrome" and "disease complex" to describe aging.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Perlman |first1=Robert M. |title=THE AGING SYNDROME* |journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |date=February 1954 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1111/j.1532-5415.1954.tb00884.x}}</ref>
 
| 1954 || || || Aging as a disease: Robert M. Perlman coins the terms "aging syndrome" and "disease complex" to describe aging.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Perlman |first1=Robert M. |title=THE AGING SYNDROME* |journal=Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |date=February 1954 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.1111/j.1532-5415.1954.tb00884.x}}</ref>
 
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| 1959 || || || Nanotechnology: "According to [[Richard Feynman]], it was his former graduate student and collaborator [[Albert Hibbs]] who originally suggested to him (circa 1959) the idea of a ''medical'' use for Feynman's theoretical [[nanomachines]] (see [[biological machine]]). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "[[Molecular machine#Biological|swallow the doctor]]". The idea was incorporated into Feynman's 1959 essay ''[[There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom]].''"<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.its.caltech.edu/~feynman/plenty.html|title = There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom|first= Richard P. |last=Feynman |date = December 1959 |access-date  = 22 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100211190050/http://www.its.caltech.edu/~feynman/plenty.html |archive-date = 2010-02-11 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
+
| 1959 || || {{w|Nanotechnology}} || Feynman's {{w|Richard Feynman}} publishes essay ''{{w|There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom}}'', proposing the idea of a "medical" use for Feynman's theoretical {{w|nanomachines}}. The idea, originally suggested by Feynman former graduate student and collaborator {{w|Albert Hibbs}}, proposes that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "swallow the doctor".<ref>{{cite web |title=plenty-web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211190050/http://www.its.caltech.edu/~feynman/plenty.html |website=web.archive.org |date=2010-02-11}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1972 || Organization || || {{w|Alcor Life Extension Foundation}}
 
| 1972 || Organization || || {{w|Alcor Life Extension Foundation}}

Revision as of 12:56, 22 June 2021

This is a timeline of life extension.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
1970s The concept of what would be called longevity escape velocity is already present in the life extension community.[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Approach Details
1913 Organization Hygiene and disease prevention The Life Extension Institute is inaugurated as a longevity research center, with US president William Howard Taft as chairman.[2][3] It describes its philanthropic goal of prolonging human life through hygiene and disease prevention.[4]
1954 Aging as a disease: Robert M. Perlman coins the terms "aging syndrome" and "disease complex" to describe aging.[5]
1959 Nanotechnology Feynman's Richard Feynman publishes essay There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, proposing the idea of a "medical" use for Feynman's theoretical nanomachines. The idea, originally suggested by Feynman former graduate student and collaborator Albert Hibbs, proposes that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would, in theory, be possible to (as Feynman put it) "swallow the doctor".[6]
1972 Organization Alcor Life Extension Foundation
1980 Organization The Life Extension Foundation is founded by Saul Kent and William Faloon.[7][8]
Life Extension Foundation logo.png
1981 Organization The American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) is founded "to encourage scientists to pursue careers in aging research".[9]
1987 Legal The United States FDA raids the Life Extension Foundation's warehouse, and charges Saul Kent and William Faloon with 27 counts, including that of distributing unapproved drugs, in later dropped charges. In response, Kent and Faloon open the FDA Holocaust Museum, a one-room museum that contains "books and articles about life extension" and comparisons between the FDA and the Nazis.[10]
1990 Organization Gerontology Research Group The Gerontology Research Group (GRG) is founded as a global group of researchers in various fields that verifies and tracks supercentenarians. It also aims to further gerontology research with a goal of reversing or slowing aging.[11][12] United States (UCLA)
1992 Organization The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) is founded "to promote the anti-aging technoscience agenda". As of 2020, A4M has 26,000 members. It convenes two annual world congresses with several thousand attendees, offers research fellowships and two masters programs.[9][13]
1998 Literature (journal) Bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal Rejuvenation Research is launched.[14]
1999 Organization (privately held company) Sierra Sciences is founded by American molecular biologist William H. Andrews in Reno, Nevada as a biotechnology company with the goal of preventing and/or reversing cellular senescence.[15]
1999 Literature Aubrey de Grey publishes The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging, which introduces the term "engineered negligible senescence".[16]
2003 Organization (non-profit) English researcher Aubrey de Grey and David Gobel form the Methuselah Foundation, which gives financial grants to anti-aging research projects.[17]
Methuselah Foundation Logo.png
2003 Scientific development Australian biologist David Andrew Sinclair at the University of New South Wales discovers the anti-ageing properties of a red-wine compound called resveratrol.[18]
2003 Concept development Prolongevity Gerald Gruman introduces the term “prolongevity”, which refers to a significant extension of average human life expectancy and/or maximum life span without extending suffering and infirmity.[14]
2004 Concept development The term "longevity escape velocity" is coined by Aubrey de Grey in a paper.[19][20]
2005 Scientific development Young blood transfusion Research led by Steve Horvath utilizes young blood plasma transfusions to significantly reduce the epigenetic age of rats.[21]
2006 (September) Funding German-American entrepreneur Peter Thiel announces that he would donate $3.5 million to foster anti-aging research through the nonprofit Methuselah Mouse Prize foundation.[22][23]
Peter Thiel 2014 by Heisenberg Media.jpg
2007 (September) Literature Engineered negligible senescence Aubrey De Grey publishes Ending Aging.[24] United States
2009 Anti-aging is identified as one of the specific topics to be considered at the 19th World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics in Paris.[14] France
2009 Organization (non-profit) Regenerative medicine (strategies for engineered negligible senescence Aubrey de Grey and several others found the SENS Research Foundation with aims at conducting research into aging and funding other anti-aging research projects at various universities.[25][26][27] It offers research grants, internships and post-baccalaureate programmes, and organizes numerous conferences
Aubrey de Grey.jpg
2009 The industry that promotes the use of hormones as a treatment for consumers to slow or reverse the aging process generates about US$50 billion of revenue in the year in the United States.[28]
2009 A review of longevity research notes: "Extrapolation from worms to mammals is risky at best, and it cannot be assumed that interventions will result in comparable life extension factors. Longevity gains from dietary restriction, or from mutations studied previously, yield smaller benefits to Drosophila than to nematodes, and smaller still to mammals. This is not unexpected, since mammals have evolved to live many times the worm's lifespan, and humans live nearly twice as long as the next longest-lived primate. From an evolutionary perspective, mammals and their ancestors have already undergone several hundred million years of natural selection favoring traits that could directly or indirectly favor increased longevity, and may thus have already settled on gene sequences that promote lifespan. Moreover, the very notion of a "life-extension factor" that could apply across taxa presumes a linear response rarely seen in biology."[29]
2011 Organization (public company) Unity Biotechnology is founded.[30][31] It develops drugs which target senescent cells.[32][33][34]
Unity Biotechnology logo.svg
2011 (February) Organization 2045 Initiative 2045 Initiative is founded by Russian entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov, with the purpose "to create technologies enabling the transfer of an individual’s personality to a more advanced non-biological carrier, and extending life, including to the point of immortality. We devote particular attention to enabling the fullest possible dialogue between the world’s major spiritual traditions, science and society".[35]
2012 By this time, there are Longevity political parties in Russia, the United States, Israel, and the Netherlands. These aim to provide political support to radical life extension research and technologies, and ensure the fastest possible and at the same time soft transition of society to the next step – life without aging and with radical life extension, and to provide access to such technologies to most currently living people.[36]
2013 (January) Organization (non-profit) The International Longevity Alliance is founded. It is an international nonprofit organization that serves as an interaction between regional organizations that support anti-aging technologies.[37]
2013 Public opinion A Spring Pew Research poll in the United States finds that 38% of citizens would want life extension treatments, and 56% would reject it. However, it also finds that 68% believe most people would want it and that only 4% consider an "ideal lifespan" to be more than 120 years. The median "ideal lifespan" is 91 years of age and the majority of the public (63%) view medical advances aimed at prolonging life as generally good. 41% believe that radical life extension (RLE) would be good for society, while 51% say they believe it would be bad for society.[38]
2013 Organization (subsidiary) Google announces launch of research and development biotech subsidiary Calico, with the purpose of harnessing new technologies to increase scientific understanding of the biology of aging.[39]
Calico LLC logo.svg
2013 Organization (Private company Human Longevity is launched by Craig Venter and Peter Diamandis as a venture with the goal to build the world's most comprehensive database on human genotypes and phenotypes, and then subject it to machine learning so that it can help develop new ways to fight diseases associated with aging.[40]
2014 Organization (non-profit) The Life Extension Advocacy Foundation is founded as a non-profit organization with mission to support fundamental research on the main mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases, and educate the public on the possibility of bringing aging under medical control in order to prevent, postpone and cure age-related diseases.[41]
2015 Organization (private company) BioViva is founded as a biotechnology company with the purpose to treat aging cells and reverse aging.[42]
2017 Young blood transfusion Californian start-up Ambrosia begins selling blood plasma from young human donors as an anti-aging therapy, based on parabiosis mouse-models. This business would cease shortly after a 2019 FDA warning against anti-aging blood transfusion.[9]
2017 Organization (public company) AgeX Therapeutics is established by American biogerontologist Michael D. West, with the mission "to develop and commercialize novel therapeutics targeting biological aging based on an emerging understanding of the ‘clockwork mechanisms’ of human aging."[43]
2018 Organization (accelerator) New Zealander venture capitalist Laura Deming launches Age1, a four-month startup accelerator program focused on founders creating longevity companies.[44]
2020 (July) "Scientists, using public biological data on 1.75 m people with known lifespans overall, identify 10 genomic loci which appear to intrinsically influence healthspan, lifespan, and longevity – of which half have not been reported previously at genome-wide significance and most being associated with cardiovascular disease – and identify haem metabolism as a promising candidate for further research within the field. Their study suggests that high levels of iron in the blood likely reduce, and genes involved in metabolising iron likely increase healthy years of life in humans."[45][46]
2030 Nanotechnology According to Raymond Kurzweil's The Singularity Is Near, advanced medical nanorobotics could completely remedy the effects of aging by this time.[47]

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

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See also

External links

References

  1. Wilson, Robert Anton (November 1978). "Next Stop, Immortality". Future Life (6). Retrieved 22 June 2021. 
  2. Hamowy, Ronald. Government and Public Health in America. Retrieved 21 December 2016. 
  3. A History of Life-Extensionism In The Twentieth Century. Rison Lezion, Israel: Longevity History. 2014. ISBN 1500818577. 
  4. "NATIONAL SOCIETY TO CONSERVE LIFE; Life Extension Institute Formed to Teach Hygiene and Prevention of Disease. LARGE CAPITAL BEHIND IT Ex-President Taft, Chairman; Prof. Irving Fisher, E.E. Rittenhouse, and Others Direct It.". The New York Times. 1913-12-30. Retrieved 17 June 2021. 
  5. Perlman, Robert M. (February 1954). "THE AGING SYNDROME*". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2 (2): 123–129. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1954.tb00884.x. 
  6. "plenty-web". web.archive.org. 2010-02-11. 
  7. Heard, Alex (1997-09-28). "Technology makes us optimistic; They want to live". New York Times. Retrieved 9 June 2021. 
  8. Rose, Steve (2004-01-23). "Stephen Valentine talks about the battle to conquer death". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 9 June 2021. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Fletcher, James Rupert (December 2020). "Anti-aging technoscience & the biologization of cumulative inequality: Affinities in the biopolitics of successful aging". Journal of Aging Studies. 55: 100899. ISSN 0890-4065. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100899. 
  10. Almond, Steven (June 8, 1994). "They're Gonna Live Forever". Miami New Times. Retrieved 22 June 2021. 
  11. Nuwer, Rachel (4 July 2014). "Keeping Track of the Oldest People in the World". Smithsonion.com. Retrieved 3 January 2015. 
  12. White, Gayle (8 February 2006). "Supercentenarians giving researchers clues on longevity". Chicago Tribune. Cox News Service. Retrieved 3 January 2015. 
  13. Binstock, Robert H. (February 2003). "The War on "Anti-Aging Medicine"". The Gerontologist. 43 (1): 4–14. doi:doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.1.4 Check |doi= value (help). 
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 Fishman, Jennifer R.; Binstock, Robert H.; Lambrix, Marcie A. (2008-12-01). "Anti-aging science: The emergence, maintenance, and enhancement of a discipline". Journal of aging studies. 22 (4): 295–303. ISSN 0890-4065. 
  15. LLC, Sierra Sciences. "Sierra Sciences' Plan to Cure Aging is Validated by Newly Published Proof of Concept Experiment". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 15 June 2021. 
  16. de Grey, Aubrey (November 2003). The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging. Austin, Texas: Landes Bioscience.
  17. Methuselah Foundation - About
  18. Mannix, Liam (22 December 2017). "Fountain of youth: Australian scientists in race to find a cure for ageing". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 18 March 2021. 
  19. de Grey, ADNJ (2004-06-15). "Escape velocity: why the prospect of extreme human life extension matters now". PLoS Biol. 2 (6): 723–726. PMC 423155Freely accessible. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020187. Retrieved 2021-04-03. 
  20. Dibbell, Julian (2006-10-23), "The Fast Supper", New York Magazine 
  21. "Young Blood Plasma Reduces the Epigenetic Age of Rats by 54%". www.regenerativemedicinedaily.com. Retrieved 12 June 2021. 
  22. "WebCite query result". www.webcitation.org. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
  23. Davidson, Keay (18 September 2006). "BAY AREA / Entrepreneur backs research on anti-aging / Scientist says humans could live indefinitely". SFGATE. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
  24. Grey, Aubrey de; Rae, Michael (2007-09-04). Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4299-3183-0. 
  25. Ben Best (2013) "Interview with Aubrey de Grey, PhD". Life Extension Magazine.
  26. "Jason Hope". Internet Entrepreneur Pledges A Donation To SENS Foundation - JasonHope.com. December 9, 2010. 
  27. research report 2011. Sens Foundation
  28. Japsen, Bruce (15 June 2009). "AMA report questions science behind using hormones as anti-aging treatment". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 17 July 2009. 
  29. Shmookler Reis, R. J.; Bharill, P; Tazearslan, C; Ayyadevara, S (2009). "Extreme-longevity mutations orchestrate silencing of multiple signaling pathways". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1790 (10): 1075–83. PMC 2885961Freely accessible. PMID 19465083. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.05.011. 
  30. "What's the Deal with Longevity Company Unity Biotechnology and its $700 Million Valuation?". BioSpace. Retrieved 26 March 2021. 
  31. "Nathaniel David – Unity Biotechnology". unitybiotechnology.com. Retrieved 26 March 2021. 
  32. "Mayo Clinic Taps Silicon Valley to Help People Age Gracefully". Fortune. Retrieved 10 June 2021. 
  33. Detrixhe, John. "Crypto millionaires are funding research to reverse the aging process". Quartz. Retrieved 10 June 2021. 
  34. Herkewitz, William (2016-02-03). "Scientists Can Now Radically Expand the Lifespan of Mice—and Humans May Be Next". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 10 June 2021. 
  35. "L'homme qui voulait devenir cyborg: conférence transhumaniste". Le Huffington Post (in français). 2013-06-25. Retrieved 9 June 2021. 
  36. "A Single-Issue Political Party for Longevity Science". Fight Aging!. 2012-07-27. Retrieved 22 June 2021. 
  37. Josiah, Akinloye. "History — International Longevity Alliance". longevityalliance.org. Retrieved 17 June 2021. 
  38. Washington, Suite 800; Inquiries, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 (2013-08-06). "Living to 120 and Beyond: Americans' Views on Aging, Medical Advances and Radical Life Extension". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved 22 June 2021.  Text " Main202-419-4349 " ignored (help); Text " Fax202-419-4372 " ignored (help); Text " Media " ignored (help)
  39. Arion McNicoll, Arion (3 October 2013). "How Google's Calico aims to fight aging and 'solve death'". CNN. 
  40. "'Supercharged' genomics: 100 years of breakthroughs possible in 10 years (Wired UK)". Wired.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2021. 
  41. "Life Extension Advocacy Foundation Inc". www.guidestar.org. Retrieved 17 June 2021. 
  42. "BioViva Moving Ahead With Human Gene Therapy for Telomerase Activation". Fight Aging!. 2015-10-02. Retrieved 9 June 2021. 
  43. "AgeX Therapeutics | About Us". agexinc.com. Retrieved 10 June 2021. 
  44. "One of the youngest fund managers in the U.S. just launched her own accelerator, too". TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 June 2021. 
  45. "Blood iron levels could be key to slowing ageing, gene study shows". phys.org. Retrieved 18 August 2020. 
  46. Timmers, Paul R. H. J.; Wilson, James F.; Joshi, Peter K.; Deelen, Joris (16 July 2020). "Multivariate genomic scan implicates novel loci and haem metabolism in human ageing". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 3570. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.3570T. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7366647Freely accessible Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32678081 Check |pmid= value (help). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17312-3.  CC BY icon.svg Text and images are available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  47. Kurzweil, Ray (2005). The Singularity Is Near. New York City: Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-03384-3. OCLC 57201348.