Difference between revisions of "Timeline of malnutrition"

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This is a '''timeline of {{w|malnutrition}}'''.
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This is a '''timeline of {{w|malnutrition}}''', describing significant events related to both {{w|undernutrition}} and {{w|overnutrition}}.
  
 
== Sample questions ==
 
== Sample questions ==
  
The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:  
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The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:
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* What are some important organizations addressing {{w|undernutrition}} and {{w|hunger}}?
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** Sort the full timeline by "Category" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Undernutrition}}".
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** You will see a list of organizations, mostly operating worldwide.
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
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! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 
! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 
|-
 
|-
| Before c.10,000 BC || {{w|Hunting and gathering}} era ||
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| Before c.10,000 BC || {{w|Hunting and gathering}} era || This period occupies about 90% of human history. People fare arguably better during this time than during the post agricultural revolution era, as the reduced population and nomadism are able to cope better with food scarcity. Also, hunter-gatherers enjoy a varied diet, while early farmers would obtain most of their food from one or a few starchy crops.<ref name="Was the Agricultural Revolution a Massive Fraud?">{{cite web |title=Was the Agricultural Revolution a Massive Fraud? |url=https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2015/03/the_agricultural_revolution_historys_biggest_fraud.html |website=realclearscience.com |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="An Urban's Rural View">{{cite web |title=An Urban's Rural View |url=https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/blogs/an-urbans-rural-view/blog-post/2019/09/10/historys-biggest-fraud |website=dtnpf.com |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
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|-
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| c.10,000 BC onwards || Post {{w|First Agricultural Revolution}} era || An increase in food production is followed by a population increase, making hunting and gathering an impossible return for most of the world due to the size of human density. This time represents a change in diet and nutrition, which becomes less rich due to the proliferation of {{w|monoculture}}. Famines abound as a consequence of several risks carried by agriculture, like droughts and floods.<ref name="Was the Agricultural Revolution a Massive Fraud?"/><ref name="An Urban's Rural View"/>
 
|-
 
|-
| c.10,000 BC onwards || Post {{w|First Agricultural Revolution}} era ||
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| c.18th–19th centuries onwards || Liberal capitalist era || A spectacular growth of wealth is experienced in this era. Capitalism creates abundance unmatched in human history. Famine becomes rare in those countries adopting free market.
 
|-
 
|-
| || Liberal capitalist era ||  
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| Mid 20th century onwards || Raise of {{w|overnutrition}} || Modern food production system, focused on increasing output, successfully meets, and even exceeds, the nutritional needs of consumers in developed countries. Not only it satisfies energy, protein and fat requirements, but it reduces real prices of food. One of the consequences of this is the raise of overnutrition among the population for the first time in human history.<ref name="Over-nutrition?">{{cite web |title=Over-nutrition? |url=http://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/3215/Over-nutrition_.html |website=oecdobserver.org |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
 
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|}
 
|}
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! Year !! Category !! Event type !! Details !! Country/location
 
! Year !! Category !! Event type !! Details !! Country/location
 
|-
 
|-
| 1847 || || || The {{w|British Relief Association}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=The British Relief Association and the Great Famine in Ireland |url=https://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/230 |website=journals.openedition.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘The Widow’s Mite’: private relief during the Great Famine |url=https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-widows-mite-private-relief-during-the-great-famine/ |website=historyireland.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} ({{w|London}})
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| 1735 || || || {{w|Pellagra}} is first described in {{w|Spain}}. It is caused by a deficiency in {{w|niacin}} ({{w|vitamin B3}}).<ref name="The Vitamin Complex">{{cite book |last1=Price |first1=Catherine |title=The Vitamin Complex |edition= |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8E0QBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT31&dq=%22vitamin+deficiency%22+%22in+1800..1900%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT6ZrDnu3mAhXIHLkGHT5_DrEQ6AEIVjAG#v=onepage&q=%22vitamin%20deficiency%22%20%22in%201800..1900%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
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|-
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| 1753 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || [[w:Scottish people|Scottish]] surgeon in the {{w|Royal Navy}}, [[w:James Lind (physician)|James Lind]] is generally credited with proving that {{w|scurvy}} can be successfully treated with {{w|citrus fruit}}.<ref name=Hel2012>{{cite web |url=http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/history/ |title=A Brief History of Vitamin C and its Deficiency, Scurvy |first=Harri |last=Hemilä |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref>
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|-
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| 1824 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Vitamin deficiency || Combe of Edinburgh in {{w|Scotland}} first describes {{w|pernicious anemia}}.<ref name="Mineral Nutrition History">{{cite book |last1=McDowell |first1=Lee |title=Mineral Nutrition History: The Early Years |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Z4otDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA525&dq=%22vitamin+deficiency%22+%22in+1800..1850%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2oKORlu3mAhVHILkGHeAMBGAQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22vitamin%20deficiency%22%20%22in%201800..1850%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
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|-
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| 1847 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|British Relief Association}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=The British Relief Association and the Great Famine in Ireland |url=https://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/230 |website=journals.openedition.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘The Widow’s Mite’: private relief during the Great Famine |url=https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-widows-mite-private-relief-during-the-great-famine/ |website=historyireland.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} ({{w|London}})
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|-
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| 1875 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Vitamin deficiency || Pepper reports bone marrow abnormalities in pernicious anemia patients.<ref name="Mineral Nutrition History"/> ||
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|-
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| 1912 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || C. Funk coins the term ''vitamine'' to describe the newly discovered growth factors because they are thought to be vital to life and quite mistakenly {{w|amine}}s.<ref name="Sports Nutrition">{{cite book |last1=Driskell |first1=Judy A. |title=Sports Nutrition |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6uOY0c10DZYC&pg=PA49&dq=%22vitamin+deficiency%22+%22in+1800..1900%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0mLnSn-3mAhXLILkGHeWTAbk4ChDoAQg4MAI#v=onepage&q=%22vitamin%20deficiency%22%20%22in%201800..1900%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1921 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || The first fast-food hamburger chain, {{w|White Castle}}, is founded in {{w|Wichita, Kansas}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic">{{cite web |title=Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic |url=https://blogs.uoregon.edu/charligf13gateway/timeline/ |website=blogs.uoregon.edu |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
| 1921 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || The first fast-food hamburger chain, {{w|White Castle}}, is founded in {{w|Wichita, Kansas}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic">{{cite web |title=Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic |url=https://blogs.uoregon.edu/charligf13gateway/timeline/ |website=blogs.uoregon.edu |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1935 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Medical development || Jamaican pediatrician {{w|Cicely Williams}} introduces the term ''{{w|Kwashiorkor}}'' in a ''Lancet'' article, two years after she published the disease's first formal description. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe {{w|protein–energy malnutrition}} characterized by {{w|edema}} and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.<ref name="williams1933">{{cite journal | vauthors = Williams CD | title = Fifty years ago. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1933. A nutritional disease of childhood associated with a maize diet | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 58 | issue = 7 | pages = 550–60 | date = July 1983 | pmid = 6347092 | pmc = 1628206 | doi = 10.1136/adc.58.7.550 | origyear = 1933 }}</ref><ref name="williams1935">{{cite journal | vauthors = Williams CD, Oxon BM, Lond H | title = Kwashiorkor: a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet. 1935 | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 81 | issue = 12 | pages = 912–3 | year = 1935 | pmid = 14997245 | pmc = 2572388 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)94666-X | authorlink = Cicely Williams }} Reprint: {{cite journal | vauthors = Williams CD, Oxon BM, Lond H | title = Kwashiorkor: a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet. 1935 | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 81 | issue = 12 | pages = 912–3 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14997245 | pmc = 2572388 }}</ref>
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| 1935 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Medical development || Jamaican pediatrician {{w|Cicely Williams}} introduces the term ''{{w|Kwashiorkor}}'' in a ''Lancet'' article, two years after she published the disease's first formal description. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe {{w|protein–energy malnutrition}} characterized by {{w|edema}} and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.<ref name="williams1933">{{cite journal | last = Williams | first= CD | title = Fifty years ago. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1933. A nutritional disease of childhood associated with a maize diet | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 58 | issue = 7 | pages = 550–60 | date = July 1983 | pmid = 6347092 | pmc = 1628206 | doi = 10.1136/adc.58.7.550 | origyear = 1933 }}</ref><ref name="williams1935">{{cite journal | last1= Williams | first1=CD |last2= Oxon| first2= BM|last3= Lond|first3= H | title = Kwashiorkor: a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet. 1935 | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 81 | issue = 12 | pages = 912–3 | year = 1935 | pmid = 14997245 | pmc = 2572388 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)94666-X | last1= Williams | first1=CD |last2= Oxon| first2= BM|last3= Lond|first3= H | title = Kwashiorkor: a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet. 1935 | journal = Bulletin of the World Health Organization | volume = 81 | issue = 12 | pages = 912–3 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14997245 | pmc = 2572388 }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1945 || || Organization || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} (FAO) is established. ||
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| 1945 || || Organization || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} (FAO) is established. It is a {{w|specialized agency}} of the {{w|United Nations}} that leads international efforts to defeat {{w|hunger}} and improve nutrition and {{w|food security}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAO 70th Anniversary |url=http://www.fao.org/70/1945-55/en/ |website=fao.org |accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/food-agriculture-organization-fao.asp |website=investopedia.com |accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1946 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Freedom from Hunger}} is founded. Throughout the decades, it would be responsible for a number of hunger alleviation programs in {{w|Latin America}}, {{w|Asia}} and {{w|Africa}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Chronicle of Progress: The History of Freedom from Hunger |url=https://www.freedomfromhunger.org/about-us/our-history |website=freedomfromhunger.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1946 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Freedom from Hunger}} is founded. Throughout the decades, it would be responsible for a number of hunger alleviation programs in {{w|Latin America}}, {{w|Asia}} and {{w|Africa}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Chronicle of Progress: The History of Freedom from Hunger |url=https://www.freedomfromhunger.org/about-us/our-history |website=freedomfromhunger.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1955 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || {{w|Ray Kroc}} founds the first {{w|McDonald’s}} in {{w|Des Plaines, Illinois}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1955 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Ray Kroc}} founds the first {{w|McDonald’s}} in {{w|Des Plaines, Illinois}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1961 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|World Food Programme}} is established.<ref>{{cite book |title=Foreign Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2-30IN3VlEQC&pg=RA14-PA25&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Chemistry and World Food Supplies: Perspectives and Recommendations CHEMRAWN 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8bZkKXc13CoC&pg=PA46&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIRjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Paarlberg |first1=Robert |title=Food Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AcQ7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT171&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIVzAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
| 1961 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|World Food Programme}} is established.<ref>{{cite book |title=Foreign Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2-30IN3VlEQC&pg=RA14-PA25&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1= |first1= |title=Chemistry and World Food Supplies: Perspectives and Recommendations CHEMRAWN 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=8bZkKXc13CoC&pg=PA46&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIRjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Paarlberg |first1=Robert |title=Food Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AcQ7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT171&dq=%22in+1961%22+World+Food+Programme&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR_d38-LfmAhVaHbkGHXg3De4Q6AEIVzAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20World%20Food%20Programme&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
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|-
| 1967 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || "High fructose corn syrup was first introduced by The Food and Drug Administration and appeared in fast food. This new substance was primarily used in soft drinks and to sweeten processed food items."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
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| 1963 || || || The {{w|WHO}} and {{w|FAO}} publish the {{w|Codex Alimentarius}}, which serves as an guideline to {{w|food safety}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathews |first1=Gabby |title=Food and Dairy Microbiology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=D-PEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA271&dq=In+1963,+the+WHO+and+FAO+published+the+Codex+Alimentarius+which+serves+as+an+guideline+to+food+safety&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj50sn98OfmAhXFILkGHUD7AzwQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=In%201963%2C%20the%20WHO%20and%20FAO%20published%20the%20Codex%20Alimentarius%20which%20serves%20as%20an%20guideline%20to%20food%20safety&f=false}}</ref> ||
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|-
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| 1967 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Product || High fructose corn syrup is first introduced by The Food and Drug Administration and appears in fast food. This new substance is primarily used in soft drinks and to sweeten processed food items.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
 
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|-
| 1969 || || || "A White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health was organized by President Richard Nixon to draw attention to widespread malnutrition and the nutritional problems of Americans. The conference goal was to compose a national nutrition policy and determine how to make it effective."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
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| 1969 || {{w|Malnutrition}} || Conference || United States President {{w|Richard Nixon}} organizes a White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health to draw attention to widespread malnutrition and the nutritional problems of Americans. The conference goal is to compose a national nutrition policy and determine how to make it effective.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 1969 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || High energy food {{w|K-Mix 2}} is developed by {{w|UNICEF}} as a therapeutic food in response to the {{w|Nigerian Civil War}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=La nutrition dans un monde globalisé: Bilan et perspectives à l'heure des ODD |edition=Yves Martin-Prével, Bernard Maire |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Y8KnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=K-Mix+2+biafra&source=bl&ots=zy-9rE0kFy&sig=ACfU3U2mlxgHO4kau-Eudxk6luxwTXsMNA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji2_2k88bmAhXII7kGHWHjBfYQ6AEwCXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=K-Mix%202%20biafra&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Why Food-Replacement Startups Are Selling Like Hotcakes">{{cite web |title=Why Food-Replacement Startups Are Selling Like Hotcakes |url=https://www.inc.com/steve-blank/you-are-what-you-eat.html |website=inc.com |accessdate=21 December 2019}}</ref> ||  
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| 1969 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Product || High energy food {{w|K-Mix 2}} is developed by {{w|UNICEF}} as a therapeutic food in response to the {{w|Nigerian Civil War}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=La nutrition dans un monde globalisé: Bilan et perspectives à l'heure des ODD |edition=Yves Martin-Prével, Bernard Maire |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Y8KnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=K-Mix+2+biafra&source=bl&ots=zy-9rE0kFy&sig=ACfU3U2mlxgHO4kau-Eudxk6luxwTXsMNA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji2_2k88bmAhXII7kGHWHjBfYQ6AEwCXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=K-Mix%202%20biafra&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Why Food-Replacement Startups Are Selling Like Hotcakes">{{cite web |title=Why Food-Replacement Startups Are Selling Like Hotcakes |url=https://www.inc.com/steve-blank/you-are-what-you-eat.html |website=inc.com |accessdate=21 December 2019}}</ref> ||  
 
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| 1973 || || || "The Food and Drug Administration created the first regulations that required the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations made any foods that were advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
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| 1973 || {{w|Malnutrition}} || Regulation || The United States {{w|Food and Drug Administration}} creates the first regulations that require the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations make any foods that are advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 1974 || || Organization || The {{w|World Food Council}} is established by the {{w|United Nations General Assembly}} as a coordinating body with the purpose for national ministries of agriculture to help alleviate malnutrition and hunger and to facilitate the development of new agricultural techniques to increase food production.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Food Council |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Food-Council |website=britannica.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Aid and the Commonwealth, 1974: Report |edition=Commonwealth Secretariat |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vLc8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR5&dq=%22in+1974%22+World+Food+Council&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz2KzW-bfmAhUfELkGHcilAbMQ6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201974%22%20World%20Food%20Council&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| 1974 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|World Food Council}} is established by the {{w|United Nations General Assembly}} as a coordinating body with the purpose for national ministries of agriculture to help alleviate malnutrition and hunger and to facilitate the development of new agricultural techniques to increase food production.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Food Council |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Food-Council |website=britannica.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Aid and the Commonwealth, 1974: Report |edition=Commonwealth Secretariat |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vLc8AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR5&dq=%22in+1974%22+World+Food+Council&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz2KzW-bfmAhUfELkGHcilAbMQ6AEIQTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201974%22%20World%20Food%20Council&f=false}}</ref> WFC would be officially suspended in 1993, with its functions being absorbed by the {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} of the United Nations and the {{w|World Food Programme}}. ||
 
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| 1974 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Non-profit}} {{w|vegan}} food relief organization {{w|Food for Life Global}} is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Paul |title=FOOD YOGA - Nourishing Body, Mind & Soul |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wwSRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA304&lpg=PA304&dq=%221974%22+Food+for+Life+Global&source=bl&ots=qGc4U_5HWM&sig=ACfU3U21mNeLwQLllDlLM7ZuGz8QCfa19w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_oM6v_rfmAhUzILkGHfXUAbUQ6AEwBHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%221974%22%20Food%20for%20Life%20Global&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
| 1974 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Non-profit}} {{w|vegan}} food relief organization {{w|Food for Life Global}} is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Paul |title=FOOD YOGA - Nourishing Body, Mind & Soul |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wwSRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA304&lpg=PA304&dq=%221974%22+Food+for+Life+Global&source=bl&ots=qGc4U_5HWM&sig=ACfU3U21mNeLwQLllDlLM7ZuGz8QCfa19w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_oM6v_rfmAhUzILkGHfXUAbUQ6AEwBHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%221974%22%20Food%20for%20Life%20Global&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
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| 1974 || || || {{w|Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/EradicationOfHungerAndMalnutrition.aspx |website=ohchr.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson, |first1=Edward H. |last2=Bertucci |first2=Mary Lou |title=Encyclopedia of Human Rights |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=J-SrdFtSuDUC&pg=PA741&dq=1974+Universal+Declaration+on+the+Eradication+of+Hunger+and+Malnutrition&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHtbDLgbjmAhXHEbkGHcv_CUUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1974%20Universal%20Declaration%20on%20the%20Eradication%20of%20Hunger%20and%20Malnutrition&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Prashad |first1=Vijay |title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=YM-xsaL6qLYC&pg=PA202&dq=1974+Universal+Declaration+on+the+Eradication+of+Hunger+and+Malnutrition&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHtbDLgbjmAhXHEbkGHcv_CUUQ6AEIUDAF#v=onepage&q=1974%20Universal%20Declaration%20on%20the%20Eradication%20of%20Hunger%20and%20Malnutrition&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}} ({{w|Rome}})
+
| 1974 || || || The {{w|Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition}} is adopted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/EradicationOfHungerAndMalnutrition.aspx |website=ohchr.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawson, |first1=Edward H. |last2=Bertucci |first2=Mary Lou |title=Encyclopedia of Human Rights |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=J-SrdFtSuDUC&pg=PA741&dq=1974+Universal+Declaration+on+the+Eradication+of+Hunger+and+Malnutrition&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHtbDLgbjmAhXHEbkGHcv_CUUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1974%20Universal%20Declaration%20on%20the%20Eradication%20of%20Hunger%20and%20Malnutrition&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Prashad |first1=Vijay |title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=YM-xsaL6qLYC&pg=PA202&dq=1974+Universal+Declaration+on+the+Eradication+of+Hunger+and+Malnutrition&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHtbDLgbjmAhXHEbkGHcv_CUUQ6AEIUDAF#v=onepage&q=1974%20Universal%20Declaration%20on%20the%20Eradication%20of%20Hunger%20and%20Malnutrition&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}} ({{w|Rome}})
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1975 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || United States non-governmental organization {{w|WhyHunger}} is founded. It works around the world to support grassroots-led social movements, organizations, alliances and leaders working to end hunger and poverty.<ref>{{cite web |title=WhyHunger |url=https://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/whyhunger |website=righttofoodandnutrition.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ackerman-Leist |first1=Philip |title=Rebuilding the Foodshed: How to Create Local, Sustainable, and Secure Food Systems |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yxJ1AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&dq=1975+WhyHunger&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwis_PPGgrjmAhUxHbkGHZcTARkQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1975%20WhyHunger&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Description & History |url=https://www.nycservice.org/organizations/119 |website=nycservice.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
| 1975 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || United States non-governmental organization {{w|WhyHunger}} is founded. It works around the world to support grassroots-led social movements, organizations, alliances and leaders working to end hunger and poverty.<ref>{{cite web |title=WhyHunger |url=https://www.righttofoodandnutrition.org/whyhunger |website=righttofoodandnutrition.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ackerman-Leist |first1=Philip |title=Rebuilding the Foodshed: How to Create Local, Sustainable, and Secure Food Systems |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yxJ1AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108&dq=1975+WhyHunger&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwis_PPGgrjmAhUxHbkGHZcTARkQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1975%20WhyHunger&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Description & History |url=https://www.nycservice.org/organizations/119 |website=nycservice.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1975 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Food First}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1977 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|The Hunger Project}} is founded as an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=HISTORY |url=https://www.thp.org/who-we-are/mission/history/ |website=thp.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Yoga Journal Mar 1978 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=eusDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=1977++The+Hunger+Project&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8oHyg7jmAhXXHLkGHcsqD-UQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1977%20%20The%20Hunger%20Project&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Benson Smith |first1=Lyle |title=101 Ways to Participate in Having a World That Works for Everyone: So, What Are You Going to Do About It |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QLQH5HGhOCgC&pg=PA2&dq=1977++The+Hunger+Project&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8oHyg7jmAhXXHLkGHcsqD-UQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=1977%20%20The%20Hunger%20Project&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1977 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|The Hunger Project}} is founded as an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=HISTORY |url=https://www.thp.org/who-we-are/mission/history/ |website=thp.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Yoga Journal Mar 1978 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=eusDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=1977++The+Hunger+Project&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8oHyg7jmAhXXHLkGHcsqD-UQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1977%20%20The%20Hunger%20Project&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Benson Smith |first1=Lyle |title=101 Ways to Participate in Having a World That Works for Everyone: So, What Are You Going to Do About It |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QLQH5HGhOCgC&pg=PA2&dq=1977++The+Hunger+Project&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8oHyg7jmAhXXHLkGHcsqD-UQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=1977%20%20The%20Hunger%20Project&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1979 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Action Against Hunger}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=CAUGHT IN THE CONFLICT |url=https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/publication/2011/08/caught-conflict |website=actionagainsthunger.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Geopolitics of Hunger, 2000-2001: Hunger and Power |edition=Action Against Hunger |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PuKKbUuGlQ4C&pg=PA333&dq=1979+++Action+Against+Hunger&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih6sjPhLjmAhVEFLkGHbs9B_8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1979%20%20%20Action%20Against%20Hunger&f=false}}</ref> ||
+
| 1979 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Action Against Hunger}} (Action Contre La Faim) originates in {{w|France}}. It is a global {{w|humanitarian organization}} committed to ending world {{w|hunger}}, helping [[w:Undernutrition in children|malnourished children]] and providing communities with access to safe water and sustainable solutions to hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=CAUGHT IN THE CONFLICT |url=https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/publication/2011/08/caught-conflict |website=actionagainsthunger.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Geopolitics of Hunger, 2000-2001: Hunger and Power |edition=Action Against Hunger |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PuKKbUuGlQ4C&pg=PA333&dq=1979+++Action+Against+Hunger&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih6sjPhLjmAhVEFLkGHbs9B_8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1979%20%20%20Action%20Against%20Hunger&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1982 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|The Obesity Society}} is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our “About Us” Page … Is Really About You |url=https://www.obesity.org/about-us/ |website=obesity.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Lauri S. |title=Obesity |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FIVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107&dq=1982+The+Obesity+Society&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB1KWHhrjmAhWQHbkGHd10BhQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1982%20The%20Obesity%20Society&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
| 1982 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|The Obesity Society}} is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our “About Us” Page … Is Really About You |url=https://www.obesity.org/about-us/ |website=obesity.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Lauri S. |title=Obesity |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FIVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107&dq=1982+The+Obesity+Society&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB1KWHhrjmAhWQHbkGHd10BhQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1982%20The%20Obesity%20Society&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1985 || || || {{w|Project Open Hand}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT US |url=https://www.openhand.org/about-us |website=openhand.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Turns 30: An Iconic San Francisco Nonprofit Looks Forward |url=https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/95680/project-open-hand-turns-30-an-iconic-san-francisco-nonprofit-looks-forward |website=kqed.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Expands Services, Launches Food = Medicine Pilot Study |url=http://sfbaytimes.com/project-open-hand-expands-services-launches-food-medicine-pilot-study/ |website=sfbaytimes.com/ |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Famine Early Warning Systems Network}}. ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Project Open Hand}} is founded in {{w|San Francisco}}. It provides meals to sick and vulnerable people.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT US |url=https://www.openhand.org/about-us |website=openhand.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Turns 30: An Iconic San Francisco Nonprofit Looks Forward |url=https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/95680/project-open-hand-turns-30-an-iconic-san-francisco-nonprofit-looks-forward |website=kqed.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Expands Services, Launches Food = Medicine Pilot Study |url=http://sfbaytimes.com/project-open-hand-expands-services-launches-food-medicine-pilot-study/ |website=sfbaytimes.com/ |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1989 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || "Wendy’s first introduced their $0.99 Super Value Menu, which consisted of several popular items for a bargain. "<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
+
| 1989 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Product || {{w|Wendy’s}} first introduces their US$0.99 Super Value Menu, which consists of several popular items for a bargain.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1990 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || There are a reported 216 million undernourished people in the world.<ref name="The State of Food Insecurity in the World">{{cite web |title=The State of Food Insecurity in the World |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf |website=fao.org |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> || Worldwide
 
| 1990 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || There are a reported 216 million undernourished people in the world.<ref name="The State of Food Insecurity in the World">{{cite web |title=The State of Food Insecurity in the World |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf |website=fao.org |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || {{w|Food Donation Connection}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.foodtodonate.com/about |website=foodtodonate.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Tax-exempt charitable organizations |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E_w85LCrFrgC&q=1992+Food+Donation+Connection&dq=1992+Food+Donation+Connection&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinvZDth7jmAhXeHbkGHSPMDKwQ6AEIPzAD}}</ref> ||
+
| 1992 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Food Donation Connection}} is founded as a private American company. It serves as the liaison between restaurants/food service companies interested in donating surplus food, and local social service agencies that distribute food to people in need.<ref>{{cite news |title=Restaurants help supply sustenance to hungry. |author=Dalenberg, A. |url=http://azstarnet.com/business/local/article_8e9f37ef-26d8-540d-956d-6ea6ccfbf992.html |newspaper=Arizona Daily Star, A11. |date=9 December 2010 |accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.foodtodonate.com/about |website=foodtodonate.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Tax-exempt charitable organizations |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E_w85LCrFrgC&q=1992+Food+Donation+Connection&dq=1992+Food+Donation+Connection&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinvZDth7jmAhXeHbkGHSPMDKwQ6AEIPzAD}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || || Organization || [[w:Nutrition International (organization)|Nutrition International]]   <ref>{{cite web |title=LARGE, SUSTAINABLE IMPACT AT SMALL COST |url=https://www.nutritionintl.org/about/work/ |website=nutritionintl.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL |url=https://www.wagggs.org/es/about-us/our-partners/corporate-partnerships/nutrition-international/ |website=wagggs.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition International and UNFPA partner to improve women and adolescent girls’ health |url=https://www.unfpa.org/press/nutrition-international-and-unfpa-partner-improve-women-and-adolescent-girls%E2%80%99-health |website=unfpa.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 1992 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || [[w:Nutrition International (organization)|Nutrition International]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=LARGE, SUSTAINABLE IMPACT AT SMALL COST |url=https://www.nutritionintl.org/about/work/ |website=nutritionintl.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL |url=https://www.wagggs.org/es/about-us/our-partners/corporate-partnerships/nutrition-international/ |website=wagggs.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition International and UNFPA partner to improve women and adolescent girls’ health |url=https://www.unfpa.org/press/nutrition-international-and-unfpa-partner-improve-women-and-adolescent-girls%E2%80%99-health |website=unfpa.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> It is an international {{w|not for profit}} agency based in {{w|Canada}} that works to eliminate vitamin and mineral deficiencies in {{w|developing countries}}.<ref>Plus 5 Review of the 2002 Special Session on Children and World Fit for Children Plan of Action: Response by Canada, p. 16.</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2000 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || {{w|National Obesity Forum}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=About the NOF |url=http://www.nationalobesityforum.org.uk/index.php/about-the-nof.html |website=nationalobesityforum.org.uk |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 1995 || || || The {{w|World Health Organization}} estimates that 13.8 million children have some degree of visual loss related to Vitamin A deficiency (VAD).<ref>{{cite journal | author = Rahi J S, Sripathi S, Gilbert C E, Foster A | year = 1995 | title = Childhood blindness due to VAD in India: regional variations | url = | journal = Archives of Disease in Childhood | volume = 72 | issue = 4| pages = 330–333 | doi=10.1136/adc.72.4.330| pmid = 7763066 | pmc = 1511233 }}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|National Obesity Forum}} is founded as a British independent professional organization which campaigns for a more interventional approach to obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the NOF |url=http://www.nationalobesityforum.org.uk/index.php/about-the-nof.html |website=nationalobesityforum.org.uk |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2000 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} is founded. || {{w|United States}}  
+
| 2000 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || The {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=A TRADITION OF GIVING (1997 - 1999) |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/history |website=gatesfoundation.org |accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |url=https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation/ |website=influencewatch.org |accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}  
 
|-
 
|-
| 2002 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || "A group of overweight children sued the McDonald’s Corporation for obesity related health problems because of their consumption of McDonald’s products. The children wanted more accessible nutritional labeling of products and appropriate funding for programs to educate consumers about the risks of fast food. "<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
+
| 2002 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Legal || {{w|McDonald’s}} is sued by a group of overweight children for obesity related health problems because of their consumption of the company's products.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| 2002 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Program launch || The {{w|United Nations}} Special Session on Children sets a goal of the elimination of {{w|vitamin A deficiency}} by 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.rutgers.edu/research-news/preventing-vitamin-deficiency-little-friendly-bacteria-might-go-long-way/20111219|title=In Preventing Vitamin A Deficiency, a Little Friendly Bacteria Might Go a Long Way|date=2011-12-19|website=Rutgers Today|language=en|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
| 2002 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Program launch || The {{w|United Nations}} Special Session on Children sets a goal of the elimination of {{w|vitamin A deficiency}} by 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.rutgers.edu/research-news/preventing-vitamin-deficiency-little-friendly-bacteria-might-go-long-way/20111219|title=In Preventing Vitamin A Deficiency, a Little Friendly Bacteria Might Go a Long Way|date=2011-12-19|website=Rutgers Today|language=en|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2002 || || || {{w|Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition |url=https://www.gainhealth.org/about |website=gainhealth.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moench-Pfanner |first1=R |last2=Van Ameringen |first2=M. |title=The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN): a decade of partnerships to increase access to and affordability of nutritious foods for the poor. |doi=10.1177/15648265120334S313 |pmid=23444718 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23444718}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN): A Decade of Partnerships to Increase Access to and Affordability of Nutritious Foods for the Poor |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235748348_The_Global_Alliance_for_Improved_Nutrition_GAIN_A_Decade_of_Partnerships_to_Increase_Access_to_and_Affordability_of_Nutritious_Foods_for_the_Poor |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 2002 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || Swiss-based foundation {{w|Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition}} is founded. It works with diverse partners to address the problem of malnutrition in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition |url=https://www.gainhealth.org/about |website=gainhealth.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moench-Pfanner |first1=R |last2=Van Ameringen |first2=M. |title=The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN): a decade of partnerships to increase access to and affordability of nutritious foods for the poor. |doi=10.1177/15648265120334S313 |pmid=23444718 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23444718}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN): A Decade of Partnerships to Increase Access to and Affordability of Nutritious Foods for the Poor |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235748348_The_Global_Alliance_for_Improved_Nutrition_GAIN_A_Decade_of_Partnerships_to_Increase_Access_to_and_Affordability_of_Nutritious_Foods_for_the_Poor |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
|-
 
| 2003 || || || {{w|Nutrition and Education International}}    <ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition & Education International |url=https://www.wayup.com/i-Education-j-Nutrition-Education-International-446778043088107/ |website=wayup.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NEI Nutrition and Education International |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/nutrition-&-education-international/about/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
| 2004 || || || " Morgan Spurlock’s controversial documentary Super Size Me debuted. Spurlock ate a diet consisting of only McDonald’s for 30 days as he explored the fast food industry and major health risks. McDonald’s later took their “Super Size” option off their menu because of the repercussions from the film."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
+
| 2003 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|California}}-based {{w|Nutrition and Education International}} is formed to fight widespread {{w|malnutrition}} among women and children who live in high-mortality areas in {{w|Afghanistan}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN: Soya beans to stave off malnutrition?|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/80045/afghanistan-soya-beans-to-stave-off-malnutrition|work=IRIN|accessdate=26 October 2013|date=28 August 2008}}</ref>    <ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition & Education International |url=https://www.wayup.com/i-Education-j-Nutrition-Education-International-446778043088107/ |website=wayup.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NEI Nutrition and Education International |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/nutrition-&-education-international/about/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2006 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || "Wendy’s enhanced the size and names of their drinks to keep up with the demand for soda from their consumers. They changed the name of their 32-ounce soda “biggie” to medium, added large 42-ounce soda, changed medium French fries to small, “biggie” to medium, and “great biggie” to large."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
+
| 2003–2005 || || Statistics || According to {{w|FAO}} food balances, available calories in {{w|OECD}} countries average 3,400 per person, up from 2,900 in 1964-66. Similar increases are recorded outside the OECD, in {{w|Latin America}}, {{w|North Africa}} and {{w|Asia-Pacific}}, where daily per capita caloric availability now generally exceeds 3,000 calories per person.<ref name="Over-nutrition?"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2006 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || The {{w|Global Hunger Index}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX |url=https://www.concernusa.org/project-profile/global-hunger-index/ |website=concernusa.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A global hunger index: measurement concept, ranking of countries, and trends |url=https://ideas.repec.org/p/fpr/fcnddp/212.html |website=ideas.repec.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 2006 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || The {{w|Global Hunger Index}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX |url=https://www.concernusa.org/project-profile/global-hunger-index/ |website=concernusa.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A global hunger index: measurement concept, ranking of countries, and trends |url=https://ideas.repec.org/p/fpr/fcnddp/212.html |website=ideas.repec.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|World Hunger Relief}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Yum! Brands’ World Hunger Relief Effort Raises $640 Million for United Nations World Food Programme and Other Hunger Relief Agencies Since 2007 |url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/38580-Yum-Brands-World-Hunger-Relief-Effort-Raises-640-Million-for-United-Nations-World-Food-Programme-and-Other-Hunger-Relief-Agencies-Since-2007 |website=csrwire.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WORLD HUNGER RELIEF AND CHRISTINA AGUILERA |url=https://borgenproject.org/world-hunger-relief-christina-aguilera/ |website=borgenproject.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Program launch || The {{w|World Hunger Relief}} program is launched by American fast food corporation {{w|Yum! Brands}}. It is most expansive private sector hunger relief effort, providing millions of meals to people in many countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yum! Brands’ World Hunger Relief Effort Raises $640 Million for United Nations World Food Programme and Other Hunger Relief Agencies Since 2007 |url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/38580-Yum-Brands-World-Hunger-Relief-Effort-Raises-640-Million-for-United-Nations-World-Food-Programme-and-Other-Hunger-Relief-Agencies-Since-2007 |website=csrwire.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WORLD HUNGER RELIEF AND CHRISTINA AGUILERA |url=https://borgenproject.org/world-hunger-relief-christina-aguilera/ |website=borgenproject.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2007 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|National Policy and Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity |url=https://www.networkforphl.org/topics__resources/lawyer_directory/manel_kappagoda/ |website=networkforphl.org |accessdate=20 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2007 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || The United States {{w|National Policy and Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity}} is founded with the goal "to create strong childhood obesity policy interventions that will reverse the epidemic by 2015".<ref>{{cite web |title=National Policy & Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity |url=https://www.networkforphl.org/topics__resources/lawyer_directory/manel_kappagoda/ |website=networkforphl.org |accessdate=20 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || 923 million people are reported as being undernourished, an increase of 80 million since 1990-92.<ref>{{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} Economic and Social Development Department. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008 : High food prices and food security - threats and opportunities"]. {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} of the {{w|United Nations}}, 2008, p. 2. "FAO’s most recent estimates put the number of hungry people at 923 million in 2007, an increase of more than 80 million since the 1990–92 base period.".</ref> || Worldwide
 
| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || 923 million people are reported as being undernourished, an increase of 80 million since 1990-92.<ref>{{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} Economic and Social Development Department. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm "The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2008 : High food prices and food security - threats and opportunities"]. {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} of the {{w|United Nations}}, 2008, p. 2. "FAO’s most recent estimates put the number of hungry people at 923 million in 2007, an increase of more than 80 million since the 1990–92 base period.".</ref> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
| 2008 || || || The {{w|World Health Organization}} estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate {{w|sanitation}} or insufficient hygiene.<ref name=":0">Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). [http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/saferwater/en/ Safer water, better health – Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref> || Worldwide
+
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || The {{w|World Health Organization}} estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate {{w|sanitation}} or insufficient hygiene.<ref name=":0">Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). [http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/saferwater/en/ Safer water, better health – Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Nourishing USA}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA’s CEO, Chef Gina Keatley, to Appear on Food Network This Summer |url=https://www.pr.com/press-release/334284 |website=pr.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA Founder Gina Keatley Steps Down as CEO-Company appoints Simon Hancock Acting CEO |url=https://www.prlog.org/12061834-nourishing-usa-founder-gina-keatley-steps-down-as-ceo-company-appoints-simon-hancock-acting-ceo.html |website=prlog.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Nourishing USA}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA’s CEO, Chef Gina Keatley, to Appear on Food Network This Summer |url=https://www.pr.com/press-release/334284 |website=pr.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA Founder Gina Keatley Steps Down as CEO-Company appoints Simon Hancock Acting CEO |url=https://www.prlog.org/12061834-nourishing-usa-founder-gina-keatley-steps-down-as-ceo-company-appoints-simon-hancock-acting-ceo.html |website=prlog.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2010 || || || As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all {{w|disability adjusted life years}}.<ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> ||
+
| 2010 || || Statistics || As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all {{w|disability adjusted life years}}.<ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> ||
 
|-  
 
|-  
| 2011 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || {{w|EPODE International Network}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=EPODE International Network |url=https://epodeinternationalnetwork.com/about/context/2014/09/15/epode-international-network |website=epodeinternationalnetwork.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 2011 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|EPODE International Network}} is founded. It is a non-governmental organization that seeks to support childhood obesity-prevention programs across the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=EPODE International Network |url=https://epodeinternationalnetwork.com/about/context/2014/09/15/epode-international-network |website=epodeinternationalnetwork.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
| 2011 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Medical development || An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE | display-authors = 6 | title = Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus | journal = The Lancet. Oncology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 489–95 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21296615 | doi = 10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70218-7 }}</ref> ||
 
| 2011 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Medical development || An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE | display-authors = 6 | title = Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus | journal = The Lancet. Oncology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 489–95 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21296615 | doi = 10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70218-7 }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2012 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|National Crusade Against Hunger (Mexico)}}   <ref>{{cite web |title=Audit finds issues with anti-hunger crusade |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/audit-finds-issues-with-anti-hunger-crusade/ |website=mexiconewsdaily.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Mexico}}
+
| 2011–2013 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || An estimated 842 million people suffer from chronic hunger in this period.<ref name="FAO, WFP, IFAD 2013">{{cite web|last=FAO, WFP, IFAD|title=The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The multiple dimensions of food security.|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3434e/i3434e.pdf|accessdate=26 November 2013|publisher = FAO}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|National Crusade Against Hunger (Mexico)}} is founded. A program sponsored by the Mexican government, its main purpose is to significantly reduce hunger and poverty in Mexico through social intervention, increasing the general socio economic status of the communities by the development of infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Audit finds issues with anti-hunger crusade |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/audit-finds-issues-with-anti-hunger-crusade/ |website=mexiconewsdaily.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Mexico}}
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || {{w|Charitable organization}} ''Vitamin Angels'' partners with {{w|vitamin A}} manufacturer, [[w:DSM (company)|DSM]], on distribution programs to eradicate {{w|childhood blindness}} by vitamin A supplementation.<ref name="dsm">{{cite web |title=Vitamin Angels to oversee DSM vitamin A child blindness programme |url=https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2012/01/12/Vitamin-Angels-to-oversee-DSM-vitamin-A-child-blindness-programme |publisher=NutraIngredients.com, William Reed Business Media |accessdate=12 September 2019 |date=12 January 2012}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2012–2018 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || The number of stunted children decreases from 165.8 million to 148.9 million in the period.<ref name="FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD"/> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
| 2012–2018 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || The number of stunted children decreases from 165.8 million to 148.9 million in the period.<ref name="FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD"/> || Worldwide
+
| 2013 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Product || {{w|Wendy’s}} enhances the size and names of their drinks to keep up with the demand for soda from their consumers. They 32-ounce soda “biggie” is changed to medium, adding large 42-ounce soda, and changing medium French fries to small, “biggie” to medium, and “great biggie” to large.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2013 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || "Wendy’s enhanced the size and names of their drinks to keep up with the demand for soda from their consumers. They changed the name of their 32-ounce soda “biggie” to medium, added large 42-ounce soda, changed medium French fries to small, “biggie” to medium, and “great biggie” to large."<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
+
| 2013 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Vitamin deficiency || The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is 29% in low-income and middle-income countries, remaining highest in {{w|sub-Saharan Africa}} and {{w|South Asia}}.<ref name="Stevens">{{cite journal | last=Stevens | first=Gretchen A | last2=Bennett | first2=James E | last3=Hennocq | first3=Quentin | last4=Lu | first4=Yuan | last5=De-Regil | first5=Luz Maria | last6=Rogers | first6=Lisa | last7=Danaei | first7=Goodarz | last8=Li | first8=Guangquan | last9=White | first9=Richard A | last10=Flaxman | first10=Seth R | last11=Oehrle | first11=Sean-Patrick | last12=Finucane | first12=Mariel M | last13=Guerrero | first13=Ramiro | last14=Bhutta | first14=Zulfiqar A | last15=Then-Paulino | first15=Amarilis | last16=Fawzi | first16=Wafaie | last17=Black | first17=Robert E | last18=Ezzati | first18=Majid | title=Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys | journal=The Lancet Global Health | volume=3 | issue=9 | year=2015 | issn=2214-109X | doi=10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00039-x | pages=e528–e536|pmid=26275329|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(15)00039-X/fulltext}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2013 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || An estimated 165 million children are estimated to have {{w|stunted growth}} from malnutrition in the year.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> || Worldwide
+
| 2013 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || An estimated 165 million children are estimated to have {{w|stunted growth}} from malnutrition in the year.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2014 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || There are a reported 795 million undernourished people in the world in in the year, a decrease of 216 million since 1990.<ref name="The State of Food Insecurity in the World"/> || Worldwide
 
| 2014 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Statistics || There are a reported 795 million undernourished people in the world in in the year, a decrease of 216 million since 1990.<ref name="The State of Food Insecurity in the World"/> || Worldwide
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| 2014 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Global Energy Balance Network}} is founded. It is a US-based nonprofit claiming to fund research into causes of obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coca-Cola funded group set up to promote “energy balance” is disbanded |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h6590 |website=bmj.com}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 2014 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || Organization || {{w|Global Energy Balance Network}} is founded. It is a US-based nonprofit claiming to fund research into causes of obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coca-Cola funded group set up to promote “energy balance” is disbanded |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h6590 |website=bmj.com}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2014 || || || {{w|No Food Waste}} <ref>{{cite web |title=How No Food Waste works to redistribute surplus food to the needy in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/how-no-food-waste-works-to-redistribute-surplus-food-to-the-needy-in-tamil-nadu/article29359971.ece |website=thehindu.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
+
| 2014 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Organization || {{w|No Food Waste}} is founded in {{w|India}} to address the problem of hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=How No Food Waste works to redistribute surplus food to the needy in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/how-no-food-waste-works-to-redistribute-surplus-food-to-the-needy-in-tamil-nadu/article29359971.ece |website=thehindu.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2015 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Program launch || The {{w|European Union}} and the {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} launch a partnership to combat undernutrition especially in children. The program initiatilly is expected to be implemented in {{w|Bangladesh}}, {{w|Burundi}}, {{w|Ethiopia}}, {{w|Kenya}}, {{w|Laos}} and {{w|Niger}}, aiming at helping these countries to improve information and analysis about nutrition so they can develop effective national nutrition policies.<ref>{{cite web |title=EU launches new partnership to combat Undernutrition with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_15_5104 |website=ec.europa.eu |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> || Worldwide
 
| 2015 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Program launch || The {{w|European Union}} and the {{w|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} launch a partnership to combat undernutrition especially in children. The program initiatilly is expected to be implemented in {{w|Bangladesh}}, {{w|Burundi}}, {{w|Ethiopia}}, {{w|Kenya}}, {{w|Laos}} and {{w|Niger}}, aiming at helping these countries to improve information and analysis about nutrition so they can develop effective national nutrition policies.<ref>{{cite web |title=EU launches new partnership to combat Undernutrition with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_15_5104 |website=ec.europa.eu |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> || Worldwide
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===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 +
 +
* [http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/] (For visual data)
 +
* [https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2392]
 +
* [https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/1/143S/4630750]
 +
* {{w|Protein–energy malnutrition}}
 +
* {{w|Hunger}}
 +
* {{w|Prenatal nutrition}}
 +
* {{w|Undernutrition in children}}
 +
* {{w|Food security}}
  
 
===Timeline update strategy===
 
===Timeline update strategy===

Revision as of 10:12, 6 January 2020

This is a timeline of malnutrition, describing significant events related to both undernutrition and overnutrition.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

  • What are some important organizations addressing undernutrition and hunger?
    • Sort the full timeline by "Category" and look for the group of rows with value "Undernutrition".
    • You will see a list of organizations, mostly operating worldwide.

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
Before c.10,000 BC Hunting and gathering era This period occupies about 90% of human history. People fare arguably better during this time than during the post agricultural revolution era, as the reduced population and nomadism are able to cope better with food scarcity. Also, hunter-gatherers enjoy a varied diet, while early farmers would obtain most of their food from one or a few starchy crops.[1][2]
c.10,000 BC onwards Post First Agricultural Revolution era An increase in food production is followed by a population increase, making hunting and gathering an impossible return for most of the world due to the size of human density. This time represents a change in diet and nutrition, which becomes less rich due to the proliferation of monoculture. Famines abound as a consequence of several risks carried by agriculture, like droughts and floods.[1][2]
c.18th–19th centuries onwards Liberal capitalist era A spectacular growth of wealth is experienced in this era. Capitalism creates abundance unmatched in human history. Famine becomes rare in those countries adopting free market.
Mid 20th century onwards Raise of overnutrition Modern food production system, focused on increasing output, successfully meets, and even exceeds, the nutritional needs of consumers in developed countries. Not only it satisfies energy, protein and fat requirements, but it reduces real prices of food. One of the consequences of this is the raise of overnutrition among the population for the first time in human history.[3]

Full timeline

Year Category Event type Details Country/location
1735 Pellagra is first described in Spain. It is caused by a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3).[4] Spain
1753 Undernutrition Scottish surgeon in the Royal Navy, James Lind is generally credited with proving that scurvy can be successfully treated with citrus fruit.[5]
1824 Undernutrition Vitamin deficiency Combe of Edinburgh in Scotland first describes pernicious anemia.[6]
1847 Overnutrition Organization The British Relief Association is established.[7][8] United Kingdom (London)
1875 Undernutrition Vitamin deficiency Pepper reports bone marrow abnormalities in pernicious anemia patients.[6]
1912 Undernutrition C. Funk coins the term vitamine to describe the newly discovered growth factors because they are thought to be vital to life and quite mistakenly amines.[9]
1921 Overnutrition The first fast-food hamburger chain, White Castle, is founded in Wichita, Kansas.[10]
1935 Undernutrition Medical development Jamaican pediatrician Cicely Williams introduces the term Kwashiorkor in a Lancet article, two years after she published the disease's first formal description. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein–energy malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.[11][12]
1945 Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is established. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security.[13][14]
1946 Undernutrition Organization Freedom from Hunger is founded. Throughout the decades, it would be responsible for a number of hunger alleviation programs in Latin America, Asia and Africa.[15] United States
1955 Overnutrition Organization Ray Kroc founds the first McDonald’s in Des Plaines, Illinois.[10] United States
1961 Undernutrition Organization The World Food Programme is established.[16][17][18]
1963 The WHO and FAO publish the Codex Alimentarius, which serves as an guideline to food safety.[19]
1967 Overnutrition Product High fructose corn syrup is first introduced by The Food and Drug Administration and appears in fast food. This new substance is primarily used in soft drinks and to sweeten processed food items.[10]
1969 Malnutrition Conference United States President Richard Nixon organizes a White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health to draw attention to widespread malnutrition and the nutritional problems of Americans. The conference goal is to compose a national nutrition policy and determine how to make it effective.[10] United States
1969 Undernutrition Product High energy food K-Mix 2 is developed by UNICEF as a therapeutic food in response to the Nigerian Civil War.[20][21]
1973 Malnutrition Regulation The United States Food and Drug Administration creates the first regulations that require the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations make any foods that are advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts.[10] United States
1974 Undernutrition Organization The World Food Council is established by the United Nations General Assembly as a coordinating body with the purpose for national ministries of agriculture to help alleviate malnutrition and hunger and to facilitate the development of new agricultural techniques to increase food production.[22][23] WFC would be officially suspended in 1993, with its functions being absorbed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Food Programme.
1974 Undernutrition Organization Non-profit vegan food relief organization Food for Life Global is founded.[24]
1974 The Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition is adopted.[25][26][27] Italy (Rome)
1975 Undernutrition Organization United States non-governmental organization WhyHunger is founded. It works around the world to support grassroots-led social movements, organizations, alliances and leaders working to end hunger and poverty.[28][29][30]
1975 Undernutrition Organization Food First
1977 Undernutrition Organization The Hunger Project is founded as an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger.[31][32][33] United States
1979 Undernutrition Organization Action Against Hunger (Action Contre La Faim) originates in France. It is a global humanitarian organization committed to ending world hunger, helping malnourished children and providing communities with access to safe water and sustainable solutions to hunger.[34][35] France
1982 Overnutrition Organization The Obesity Society is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.[36][37]
1985 Undernutrition Organization Famine Early Warning Systems Network.
1985 Undernutrition Organization Project Open Hand is founded in San Francisco. It provides meals to sick and vulnerable people.[38][39][40] United States
1989 Overnutrition Product Wendy’s first introduces their US$0.99 Super Value Menu, which consists of several popular items for a bargain.[10]
1990 Undernutrition Statistics There are a reported 216 million undernourished people in the world.[41] Worldwide
1992 Undernutrition Organization Food Donation Connection is founded as a private American company. It serves as the liaison between restaurants/food service companies interested in donating surplus food, and local social service agencies that distribute food to people in need.[42][43][44] United States
1992 Undernutrition Organization Nutrition International is founded.[45][46][47] It is an international not for profit agency based in Canada that works to eliminate vitamin and mineral deficiencies in developing countries.[48] Canada
1995 The World Health Organization estimates that 13.8 million children have some degree of visual loss related to Vitamin A deficiency (VAD).[49]
2000 Overnutrition Organization National Obesity Forum is founded as a British independent professional organization which campaigns for a more interventional approach to obesity.[50] United Kingdom
2000 Undernutrition Organization The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is founded.[51][52] United States
2002 Overnutrition Legal McDonald’s is sued by a group of overweight children for obesity related health problems because of their consumption of the company's products.[10] United States
2002 Undernutrition Program launch The United Nations Special Session on Children sets a goal of the elimination of vitamin A deficiency by 2010.[53]
2002 Undernutrition Organization Swiss-based foundation Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition is founded. It works with diverse partners to address the problem of malnutrition in the world.[54][55][56]
2003 Undernutrition Organization California-based Nutrition and Education International is formed to fight widespread malnutrition among women and children who live in high-mortality areas in Afghanistan.[57] [58][59]
2003–2005 Statistics According to FAO food balances, available calories in OECD countries average 3,400 per person, up from 2,900 in 1964-66. Similar increases are recorded outside the OECD, in Latin America, North Africa and Asia-Pacific, where daily per capita caloric availability now generally exceeds 3,000 calories per person.[3]
2006 Undernutrition Statistics The Global Hunger Index is established.[60][61]
2007 Undernutrition Program launch The World Hunger Relief program is launched by American fast food corporation Yum! Brands. It is most expansive private sector hunger relief effort, providing millions of meals to people in many countries.[62][63]
2007 Overnutrition Organization The United States National Policy and Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity is founded with the goal "to create strong childhood obesity policy interventions that will reverse the epidemic by 2015".[64] United States
2007 Undernutrition Statistics 923 million people are reported as being undernourished, an increase of 80 million since 1990-92.[65] Worldwide
2008 Undernutrition Statistics The World Health Organization estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene.[66] Worldwide
2008 Undernutrition Organization Nourishing USA is founded.[67][68] United States
2010 Statistics As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all disability adjusted life years.[69]
2011 Overnutrition Organization EPODE International Network is founded. It is a non-governmental organization that seeks to support childhood obesity-prevention programs across the world.[70]
2011 Undernutrition Medical development An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”[71]
2011–2013 Undernutrition Statistics An estimated 842 million people suffer from chronic hunger in this period.[72]
2012 Undernutrition Organization National Crusade Against Hunger (Mexico) is founded. A program sponsored by the Mexican government, its main purpose is to significantly reduce hunger and poverty in Mexico through social intervention, increasing the general socio economic status of the communities by the development of infrastructure.[73] Mexico
2012 Undernutrition Charitable organization Vitamin Angels partners with vitamin A manufacturer, DSM, on distribution programs to eradicate childhood blindness by vitamin A supplementation.[74]
2012–2018 Undernutrition Statistics The number of stunted children decreases from 165.8 million to 148.9 million in the period.[75] Worldwide
2013 Overnutrition Product Wendy’s enhances the size and names of their drinks to keep up with the demand for soda from their consumers. They 32-ounce soda “biggie” is changed to medium, adding large 42-ounce soda, and changing medium French fries to small, “biggie” to medium, and “great biggie” to large.[10]
2013 Undernutrition Vitamin deficiency The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is 29% in low-income and middle-income countries, remaining highest in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.[76]
2013 Undernutrition Statistics An estimated 165 million children are estimated to have stunted growth from malnutrition in the year.[77] Worldwide
2014 Undernutrition Statistics There are a reported 795 million undernourished people in the world in in the year, a decrease of 216 million since 1990.[41] Worldwide
2014 Undernutrition Program launch ShareTheMeal is founded. It is a crowdfunding smartphone application to fight global hunger through the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). It enables users to make small donations to specific WFP projects and to track its progress. [78]
2014 Overnutrition Organization Global Energy Balance Network is founded. It is a US-based nonprofit claiming to fund research into causes of obesity.[79] United States
2014 Undernutrition Organization No Food Waste is founded in India to address the problem of hunger.[80] India
2015 Undernutrition Program launch The European Union and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launch a partnership to combat undernutrition especially in children. The program initiatilly is expected to be implemented in Bangladesh, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Laos and Niger, aiming at helping these countries to improve information and analysis about nutrition so they can develop effective national nutrition policies.[81] Worldwide
2015 Undernutrition Statistics Protein-energy malnutrition is estimated to result in 323,000 deaths worldwide.[82] Worldwide
2015 Undernutrition Statistics One in seven newborns, or 20.5 million babies globally, suffer from low birthweight in the year, with wide variations across regions, from 7.0 percent in Northern America and Europe to 17.3 percent in Asia.[75] Worldwide
2017 Undernutrition Statistics More than 75 percent of the world’s hungry, 78 percent of the stunted children and 64 percent of the extreme poor live in middle-income countries, and only in a handful of the world’s poorest countries.[75] Developing world
2018 Undernutrition Statistics The United Nations estimates that there were 821 million undernourished people in the world in the year (10.8% of the total population).[83] Worldwide
2018 Overnutrition Statistics Globally, overweight affects 40.1 million children under five years of age in the year. While Asia and Africa have the lowest overweight prevalence (5.2 percent and 4.9 percent respectively), together they account for nearly three-quarters of all overweight under-fives in the world (46.9 percent in Asia and 23.8 percent in Africa).[75] Worldwide
2018 Undernutrition Statistics Worldwide, 49.5 million children under five are affected by acute malnutrition or wasting. More than two-thirds of all wasted children under five live in Asia.[75] Worldwide

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References

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